• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.206-206
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• 2017

Sorghum is a crop with a various plant height depending on the planting density. If the height exceeds 1.8m, which is the harvestable height of the combine, loss is caused by clogging of the installation, entrance of the threshing section and the threshing section. The purpose of this study is to set the planting distance and number of plants per hill suitable for combine harvesting as the plant length does not exceed 1.8m. The experimental variety was Nampungchal. The experiment design was a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments were as follow: Main-plot were 1 and 2 plants as number of plants per hill and sub-plots were $60{\times}20cm$ (practice), $70{\times}15$, 20, 25, 30 cm as planting distance. The amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization were 100, 70, $80kg\;ha^{-1}$. Data were collected: (1) grain yield: weight of grain in $kg\;ha^{-1}$, (2) 1000 grain weight: average weight of 1000 grain, (3) plant height: distance from soil to top of panicle, (4) ear length: distance from top of stem to top of ear in cm, (5) stem diameter: diameter of second internode, (6) tiller number per hill. Analyses of variance were performed using R version 3.3.1(https://www. r- project. org). The Duncan's multiple range test(DMR) was used to separate treatment means at P < 0.05. As number of plants per hill increased, plant height and yield increased and tiller number decreased. As planting distance increased, plant height and yield decreased and tiller number increased. At 1 plant per hill, the plant height did not exceed 1.8m at all planting distance. At 2 plants per hill, the plant height did not exceed 1.8m from the planting distance of $70{\times}25cm$. At 1 plant per hill, the tiller number increased to 0.23, 0.27, 0.60 and 0.70 as the planting distance increased to $70{\times}15$, 20, 25 and 30 cm, respectively. At 2 plants per hill, the tiller number increased to 0.03, 0.03, 0.14 and 0.40 as the planting distance increased to $70{\times}15$, 20, 25 and 30 cm, respectively. At 1 plant per hill, the yield decreased to 6030, 4280, 3400 and $3230kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the planting distance increased. At 2 plant per hill, the yield decreased to 7850, 5770, 5720 and $4960kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the planting distance increased. We recommend that the optimum number of plants per hill and planting distance is 2 and $70{\times}25cm$ suitable for combine harvesting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.207-207
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• 2017

The proso millet is vulnerable to lodging due to high plant height and shallow root. A lodging results in a hard mechanical harvesting and yield loss. One of solutions on this problem is inhibition of internode elongation. The objective of this study was to set up use time and dose of prohexadium-calcium, is growth inhibitor. The experimental variety was Ibaekchal. The experiment design was a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments were as follow: Main-plots were 25 and 35 day after sowing(DAS) as use time and sub-plots were 0%, 50%, 100%(diluted solution of 1000 times, $1000{\ell}\;ha^{-1}$), 150% as dose. The amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization were 90, 70, $80kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The size of high ridge and plant spacing were $90{\times}30cm$ and $60{\times}15cm$, respectively. Proso millet was sown on June 9, 2016 by hands and was adjusted at 2 plant per hill. The growth survey of vegetative growth stage was conducted at 1 day before treatment and with one week interval after treatment. Data were collected: (1) grain yield: weight of grain in $kg\;ha^{-1}$, (2) 1000 grain weight: average weight of 1000 grain, (3) plant height: distance from soil to top of panicle or leaf in cm, (4) ear length: distance from top of stem to top of ear in cm, (5) stem diameter: diameter of second internode (6) degree of lodging: percentage of lodging area, etc. Analyses of variance were performed using R version 3.3.1(https://www. r- project. org). The Duncan's multiple range test(DMR) was used to separate treatment means at P < 0.05. There was a significant difference in plant height and number of stem among the use time and dose of prohexadium-calcium during vegetative growth stage. At 25 DAS, the difference with no treatment increased until 25 day after treatment and decreased since then. The difference in number of stem increased until 18 day and decreased since 25 day. At 35 DAS, the difference with no treatment in plant height and number of stem increased until 22 day after treatment and decreased since then. We assumed that the effect of prohexadium-calcium was inhibition of internode elongation and promotion of tillering, continued untel 25day after treatment. At 25 DAS, the degree of lodging deceased to 100%, 30%, 10% and 0% as dose increased. At 35 DAS, the degree of lodging decreased to 100%, 20%, 0% and 0% as dose increased. At 25 DAS, the yield was 2910, 2710, 3190, $2310kg\;ha^{-1}$ among dose. At 35 DAS, the yield was 2750, 2630, 2220, $2050kg\;ha^{-1}$. We recommend that the optimum use time and dose of prohexadium-calcium for proso millet is 1000 times diluted solution of $1000{\ell}$ per ha at 25 day after sowing.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.453-474
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• 2020

Here, we present an updated checklist based on voucher specimens of vascular plants for Gasan Mt. which is located in Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The list includes 322 taxa in 212 genera and 81 families of vascular plants, of which 14 are endemic, six are rare plants, 48 are floristic target species, and 14 are considered naturalized in Korea. Based on voucher specimens, Gasan Mt. was the southern limit of Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida Nakai and Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee on the Korean peninsula. Moreover, we confirmed a hybrid plant deriving from two Iris parents, I. minutoaurea Makino and I. odaesanensis, in a mountain fortress of Gasan Mt. We also present online databases including 325 voucher specimens deposited at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM; http://oasis.kiom.re.kr/herblib). This study has great significance as the first floristic study of Korean plants sharing virtual specimens online.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.77-86
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• 2022

In this study, we reported the validation results of the Korean Affective Voice Database (KAV DB), an affective voice database available for scientific and clinical use, comprising a total of 113 validated affective voice stimuli. The KAV DB includes audio-recordings of two actors (one male and one female), each uttering 10 semantically neutral sentences with the intention to convey six different affective states (happiness, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, and neutral). The database was organized into three separate voice stimulus sets in order to validate the KAV DB. Participants rated the stimuli on six rating scales corresponding to the six targeted affective states by using a 100 horizontal visual analog scale. The KAV DB showed high internal consistency for voice stimuli (Cronbach's α=.847). The database had high sensitivity (mean=82.8%) and specificity (mean=83.8%). The KAV DB is expected to be useful for both academic research and clinical purposes in the field of communication disorders. The KAV DB is available for download at https://kav-db.notion.site/KAV-DB-75 39a36abe2e414ebf4a50d80436b41a.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.346-352
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• 2022

Mountain meteorology in South Korea that is covered mountains with complex terrain is important for understanding and managing the forest disaster and forest ecosystems. In particular, recent changes in dryness and/or rainfall intensity due to climate change may cause an increase in the possibility of forest disasters. Therefore, accurate monitoring of mountain meteorology is needed for efficient forest management. Korea Forest Service (KFS) is establishing the Automatic Mountain Meteorology Observation Stations (AMOS) in the mountain regions since 2012. 464 AMOSs are observing various meteorological variables such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, soil temperature, and air pressure for every minute, which is conducted the quality control (QC) to retain data reliability. QC process includes the physical limit test, step test, internal consistency test, persistence test, climate range test, and median filter test. All of AMOS observations are open to use, which can be found from the Korean Mountain Meteorology Information System (KoMIS, http://mtweather.nifos.go.kr/) of the National Institute of Forest Science and the Public Data Portal (https://public.go.kr/). AMOS observations with guaranteed quality can be used in various forest fields including the public safety, forest recreation, forest leisure activities, etc., and can contribute to the advancement of forest science and technology. In this paper, a series of processes are introduced to collect and use the AMOS dataset in the mountain region in South Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.164-175
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• 2021

Objectives: The LI11 (Quchi) acupuncture point has always been included in the Seven acupoints for stroke; however, additional LI11 acupuncture research is needed. In this study, the effect of LI11 acupuncture on cerebral blood flow of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) was investigated. Method: This study included 10 healthy young male subjects. Cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity were measured using transcranial Doppler sonography. Changes in hyperventilation-induced carbon dioxide (CO₂) reactivity and modified ACA and MCA blood flow velocity at 40 mmHg (CV40), blood pressure, and heart rate were observed before and after LI11 acupuncture treatment. Results: A statistically significant increase in contralateral anterior cerebral artery CO₂ reactivity (p=0.036) and decrease in contralateral middle cerebral artery CV40 (p=0.047) were observed. No significant difference in mean blood pressure was shown. A statistically significant increase in heart rate occurred after LI11 acupuncture; however, it was not clinically significant as there were negligible changes in the heart rhythm. Conclusions: LI11 acupuncture treatment could improve cerebral blood flow velocity. These results might be explained by regulating endothelium-dependent vessel dilation in the anterior cerebral artery region. Trial registration: This trial has been registered with Clinical Research Information Service, a service of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: KCT0004494 (retrospectively registered). https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=15359

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.211-221
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• 2022

Recently, the demand for the cultivation of upland soil has been increasing, and the rate of conversion of paddy soil into upland soil is also increasing. Theincrease in uneven precipitation due to climate change has resulted in dramatic effects of waterlogging stress on upland crops. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the changes in growth characteristics and the expression patterns of proteins at the two-leaf stage of adzuki beans. The domestic cultivar, Arari (Miryang No. 8), was used to test waterlogging stress. At the two-leaf stage of adzuki beans, plant height slightly decreased androot fresh weight showed significant changes after 3 days of waterlogging treatment. Chlorophyll content was also significantly different after 3 days of waterlogging treatment compared to its content in control plants. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, more than 400 protein spots were identified. Twenty-one differentially expressed proteins from the two-leaf stage were analyzed using linear trap quadrupole-Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Of these 21 proteins, 9 were up-regulated and 12 were down-regulated under waterlogging treatment. Protein information resource (https://pir.georgetown.edu/) categories were assigned to all 49 proteins according to their molecular function, cellular component localization, and biological processes. Most of the proteins were found to be involved in the biological process, carbohydrate metabolism and were localized in chloroplasts.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.232-246
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to contribute to clinical researches on neck pain and cervical spondylosis by reviewing the latest research trends and evaluation tools through the analyses of clinical studies on neck pain and cervical spondylosis over the last 5 years. 70 papers satisfying the selection conditions among the RCT papers that had been searched as "neck pain" or "cervical spondylosis" at Pubmed(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) from March 2011 to February 2016 were targeted. Papers were numbered in order of their publication dates and analyzed by classifying their contents into 1) pain classification, 2) treatment type, 3) treatment duration, 4) treatment time, 5) number of participants, 6) evaluation tools and methods of research, and 7) evaluation duration. 55 papers targeted chronic neck pain, 6 papers acute and subacute neck pain, and 2 papers subacute and chronic neck pain. In comparison by intervention, 43 papers corresponded to physical therapy, 3 papers to acupuncture, 1 to herbal fomentation, 5 to medication, and 18 papers corresponded to multilateral comparisons comparing the efficacy by various interventions. In research period, there were 50 papers based on treatment period, 16 papers based on the number of treatments, and 4 papers based on different periods depending on each group. In treatment duration, the cases from 1 month or more to less than 3 months were most, followed by the cases of less than 1 month, and the cases from 3 months or more to less than 6 months. In treatment frequency, the number of treatments of the treatment group was the same as that of the control group in 51 papers, and many treatments were conducted by the methods of acupuncture, manual therapy, and injection therapy in cases of once or twice of treatments, and physical therapy and electroacupuncture corresponded mainly to the cases from 3 times or more to less than 10 times of treatments, and retrospective observation and exercise programs corresponded mainly to the cases of more than 30 times of treatments. In the number of subjects of the researches, the cases from 50 or more to less than 100 were most, followed by the cases from 20 or more to less than 50. There were 7 evaluation tools cited 10 times or more: VAS, NRS, PPT, NDI, NPQ, CROM, and SF-36. In evaluation period, 37 papers evaluated only during the treatment period, and 33 papers conducted follow-up. In follow-up period, the cases of less than 3 months were most, followed by the cases from 6 months or more to less than 1 year, and the cases from 3 months or more to less than 6 months. When planning clinical researches on cervical pain in the future, appropriate intervention methods, frequency and duration of treatment, period of follow-up, appropriate number of subjects and selection of evaluation tools for objective validity will have to be considered. In addition, randomization, double-blind, etc. will have to be considered for researches with high basis level.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2011

국내의 건축물에 관한 통계정보는 국토해양부에 의해서 공표된 통계연보로서 2002년부터 매년마다 제공되고 있다.(국토해양통계누리, https : //stat.mltm.go.kr/potal/stat/yearReport.do) 건축물의 통계연보는 과거부터 2002년까지 매 3년마다 공표된 것으로 알려지고 있다. 이 통계연보에는 건축물 현황과 건축허가착공 통계가 수록되어 있다. 건축물 현황에는 2009년 말을 기준으로 기존 건축물이 전체 6,618,131동으로서 용도별, 층수와 연면적별 그리고 소유구분별 등의 구분에 따라 건축물의 동수에 관한 통계자료가 포함돼 있다. 건축허가 및 착공통계에는 용도별과 구조재료별의 분류에 따라 건축물의 동수에 관한 자료가 신축, 증축 개축 이전 대수선, 용도변경 등으로 분류되어 수록돼 있다. 한편 국내에서 건축물에 대한 내진설계기준이 1988년에 제정됨에 따라 법제화되었다. 이때 내진설계의 의무 대상건축물은 6층 이상 또는 연면적 1만$m^2$이상인 건축물로 규정되었다. 그 이후 내진설계 대상 건축물이 1996년부터 아파트는 5층 이상으로, 판매시설은 연면적 5천$m^2$이상으로 확대되었고, 2000년부터 숙박시설 오피스텔 및 기숙사는 5층 이상으로 확대되었으며, 2005년부터 내진설계 의무화 대상이 3층 이상 또는 1천$m^2$이상으로 확대되었고, 2009년부터 3층 이상 건축물의 구조안전의 확인을 위한 세부절차를 규정하여 내진설계의 실효성을 확보하고 있다. 이와 같이 내진설계의 대상 건축물이 내진설계기준을 제정한 이후 현재까지 시대의 흐름에 따라 6층 이상에서 5층 이상으로 다시 3층 이상으로 계속 확대되어왔다. 이런 환경에서 현재 시점에서 사용 중인 기존 건축물 중에 내진설계가 적용되지 아니한 건축물은 1988년 3월 1일 이전에 건축허가 된 건축물과 그 이후에 건축허가 된 3층 내지 5층 이하인 저층 건축물의 두 가지로 구분할 수 있다. 이들의 내진설계가 미적용 된 건축물에 대해서는 원칙적으로 내진보강 대책 수립 및 추진이 필요한 실정이다. 국내에서는 현재 지진재해대책법에 따라 지진재해로부터 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하기 위하여 기존 시설물에 대한 내진대책을 추진하는 정책이 시행되고 있다. 앞으로는 이 정책의 일환으로 기존 건축물의 내진성능 확보를 위한 내진보강 대책이 구체적으로 추진될 전망이다. 이와 같이 기존 건축물에 대한 내진보강 대책을 수립하는 데는 무엇보다 그 대상 건축물의 수와 구조형식에 관한 정보가 필요하다. 이는 내진보강의 방법과 소요비용이 건축물의 층수 및 구조형식별 동수에 따라 크게 달라지기 때문이다. 이런 관점에서 살펴볼 때 내진대책의 수립에 필수인 기존 저층 건축물의 층수 및 구조형식별 동수에 관한 통계자료를 현재 건축물의 현황통계에서 손쉽게 찾아 볼 수 있으면 좋겠는데 현실은 그렇지 못한 실정이다. 현재 건축물의 현황통계에는 저층 건축물에 해당하는 층수에 관한 구분이 연대에 따라 다르고 구체적인 층수를 구분하기 어렵게 불분명한 항목으로 구성된 것과 구조형식별 분류항목이 없는 형편이다. 반면에 건축허가 및 착공통계자료에는 구조재료별 건축물 동수와 연면적에 관한 자료가 수록되어있고, 건축물 층수에 따라 분류된 통계자료는 없다. 이 연구에서는, 기존 건축물에 대한 내진보강 대책을 수립하는데 필요한 저층 건축물의 층수 및 구조재료별 동수 등에 관한 구체적인 정보를 파악하기 위하여, 건축물 통계연보에 수록된 건축물 현황통계자료에서 불명확하거나 결여된 정보를 건축허가 및 착공 통계자료로부터 얻은 정보로 보완과 보충하여 제시하고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 기존 건축물의 내진보강 대책 수립에 필요한 5층 이하의 저층 건축물에 관한 층수별 및 구조형식별 동수에 관한 연도별 통계자료를 추정하여 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of the electronic foot function index (eFFI) through a prospective, random based, multi-institutional study. Materials and Methods: The study included 227 patients ranging in age from 20 to 79 years, visited for surgery in different 15 institutes, and agreed to volunteer. The patients were assigned randomly into a paper-based evaluated group (n=113) and tablet-based evaluated group (n=114). The evaluation was done on the day of hospital admission and the method was changed on the second day of surgery and re-evaluated. PADAS 2.0 (https://www.proscore.kr) was used as an electronic evaluation program. Results: There were no differences in age and sex in both groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) evaluation revealed an eFFI ICC of 0.924, showing that both results were similar. The evaluation time was shorter in the tablet-based group than the paper-based group (paper vs tablet, $3.7{\pm}3.8$ vs $2.3{\pm}1.3minutes$). Thirty-nine patients (17.2%) preferred to use paper and 131 patients (57.7%) preferred the tablet. Fifty-seven patients (25.1%) found both ways to be acceptable. Conclusion: eFFI through tablet devices appears to be more constant than the paper-based program. In addition, it required a shorter amount of time and the patients tended to prefer the tablet-based program. Overall, tablet and cloud system can be beneficial to a clinical study.