• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), one of the most highly conserved groups of proteins characterized to date, play crucial roles in protecting cells against environmental stresses, such as heat shock, salinity and oxidative stress. The glutathione S-transferases (GST) have important role in detoxification of oxidative stress, environmental chemicals and environmental stress. GST mRNA expression have been used as biomarkers on environmental stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the death rate and the gene expression of Hsp70 and GST during air exposure and starvation. Results showed that, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was significantly changed in the experiment groups, such as air exposure and starvation. GST mRNA expression was significantly increased in the experimental group of starvation. These results suggest that Hsp70 and GST were played roles in biomarker gene on the air exposure and starvation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.147-151
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• 2000

Heat shock protein 70(HSP70) is induced by elevated temperature and many other types of stresses in cell. HSP70 ensures cell survival under stressful condition that would lead to irreversible cell damage and ultimately to cell death. HSP70 plays essential role in the synthesis, transport, and folding of proteins and is often refferred to as molecular chaperones. Increased levels of HSPs occur after arthritis, infection, imflammation, autoimmune disease and CNS injury such as infarction, ischemia, seizure and Alzheimer's disease. Also, HSP70 increases resistance to apoptosis. The recent studies that the expression of the HSP has been processed at various field. However, they an still relatively line studied in clinically application. This review summarizes the fundamental knowledge of HSP.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.369-376
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• 2005

The purpose of the study was for investigating the effect of therapeutic ultrasound irradiation on HSP70 expression in knee of degraded rat articular cartilage. Knee of ten Sprague-Dawley male rats were immobilized for 4 weeks and divided at random into the control and continuous ultrasound applicated group. The continuous ultrasound applicated group was irradiated with frequency 1MHz, intensity $1W/cm^2$ for 5 minutes. The control group was sham sonication. The immunoreactivity of HSP70 was increased in degraded articular cartilage after untrasound irradiation. These results suggest that therapeutic ultrasound can enhance HSP70 expression in degraded articular cartilage.

• Metals and materials international
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2018

A new sintering technique for enhancing a densification and hardness of sintered titanium body by supplying hydrogen was developed (Hydrogen Sintering Process, HSP). The HSP was developed by only injecting hydrogen into an argon atmosphere during the core time. As a result, sound titanium sintered bodies with high density and hardness were obtained by the HSP. In addition, a pore size and number of the HSP specimens were smaller than those of the argon atmosphere specimen. It was found that the injecting hydrogen into the argon atmosphere by HSP can prevent the formation of oxide layers, resulting in enhanced densification and hardness.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2011

Water temperature governs various biological events in many aquatic animals including fish. Temperature changes the rates of gametogenesis and development, in some cases, is even capable of reversing fish sex. Treatments of fish with unusually high temperature are known to induce the expression of HSP70 gene. Development of an effective inhibitor for HSP70 gene expression is, thus, crucial to study the role of HSP70 in the temperature sensitive biological events. We have investigated the inhibitory effect of quercetin, 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavon, a natural flavonid, on the expressions of HSP70 gene induced by high temperature ($36^{\circ}C$) in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, larvae and juveniles (10~13 cm in total length). The expression of HSP 70 gene was significantly decreased in tilapia larvae immersed in 50 ${\mu}M$ or 100 ${\mu}M$ quercetin solution for 6 hours before the exposure to high temperature (P<0.05). In particular, the level of HSP70 expression in fish treated with 100 ${\mu}M$ was as low as that of fish without high temperature treatment. Juveniles of tilapia were individually injected with 0.1 $m{\ell}$ of either 0.5 mM, 5 mM or 20 mM of quercetin solution before the exposure to high temperature. As the results, the expression of HSP70 gene in the gonad and brain of juvenile fish was significantly inhibited by the injection of 0.5 mM quercetin solution (P<0.05), but not by higher concentrations. We report, for the first time in the fish, that quercetin effectively inhibits the expression of HSP70 gene induced by high temperature and 100 ${\mu}M$ for the immersion of larvae and 0.5 mM for the injection to juvenile can be used for the effective concentrations for the study of temperature sensitive biological events in tilapia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

A high environmental temperature affects the economic performance of pigs. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been reported to participate importantly in thermotolerance. This study aims to produce transgenic pigs overexpressing porcine HSP70.2, the highly inducible one of HSP70 members, and to prove the cellular thermotolerance in the primary fibroblasts from the transgenics. A recombinant plasmid in which the sequence that encodes the porcine HSP70.2 gene is fused to green fluorescence protein (GFP) was constructed under the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer and promoter. Two transgenic pigs were produced by microinjecting pCMV-HSP70-GFP DNA into the pronucleus of fertilized eggs. Immunoblot assay revealed the varied overexpression level (6.4% and 1.4%) of HSP70-GFP in transgenic pigs. After heating at $45^{\circ}C$ for 3 h, the survival rate (78.1%) of the primary fibroblast cells from the highly expressing transgenic pig exceeded that from the non-transgenic pig (62.9%). This result showed that primary fibroblasts overexpressing HSP70-GFP confer cell thermotolerance. We suggest that transgenic pigs overexpressing HSP70 might improve their thermotolerance in summer and therefore reduce the economic loss in animal production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1116-1126
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and its mRNA in the heart, liver, and kidney of acutely heat-stressed broilers at various stressing times. Male AA broilers (n = 100) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 20 birds per group. After 30 d of adaptive feeding at ambient temperature, 80 experimental broilers were suddenly heat stressed by increasing the environmental temperature from $22{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ to $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The 4 groups were heat stressed for 2, 3, 5, and 10 h, respectively. The localizations of Hsp70 protein and mRNA, determined by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, respectively, were demonstrated to be tissue dependent, implying that different tissues have differential sensibilities to heat stress. Intense Hsp70 staining was identified in the vascular endothelial cell of heart, liver and kidney, suggesting an association between expression of Hsp70 in vascular endothelial cell and functional recovery of blood vessels after heat shock treatment. Ante-mortem heat stress had a significant effect on the expression of Hsp70 protein and mRNA. The quantitation of Hsp70 protein and mRNA were both time and tissue dependent. During the exposure to heat stress, the heart, liver and kidney of broiler chickens exhibited increased amounts of Hsp70 protein and mRNA. The expression of hsp70 mRNA in the heart, liver and kidney of heat-stressed broilers increased significantly and attained the highest level after a 2-h exposure to elevated temperatures. However, significant elevations in Hsp70 protein occurred after 2, 5, and 3 h of heat stressing, respectively, indicating that the stress-induced responses vary among different tissues.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2003

To investigate the function of chloroplast small heat shock protein (HSP), transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L, cv. SR-1) that constitutively overexpress the rice chloroplast small HSP (Oshsp26) were generated. Effects of constitutive expression of the Oshsp26 on thermotolerance were investigated with the chlorophyll fluorescence. After 5-min incubation of leaf discs at high temperatures, an increase in the Fo level, indication of separation of LHCII from PSII, was mitigated by constitutive expression of the chloroplast small HSP When tobacco plantlets grown in Petri dishes were incubated at $20^{\circ}C$/TEX> for 45 min and subsequently incubated at $20^{\circ}C$/TEX> leaf color of wild-type plant became gradually white and all plantlets were finally died. Under the conditions in which all the wild-type plants died, more than 80% of the transformants remained green and survived. It was also found that the levels of Oshsp26 protein accumulated in transgenic plants were correlated with the degree of thermotolerance. These results suggest that the chloroplast small HSP plays an important role in protecting photosynthetic machinery, as a results, increases thermotolerance of whole plant during heat stress.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.232-238
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• 2013

Water temperature is key factor influencing growth and reproduction of fish and its increase give rise to various physiological changes including gene expression. Heat shock protein (Hsp), one of the molecular chaperones, is highly conserved throughout evolution and its expression is induced by various stressors such as temperature, oxidative, physical and chemical stresses. Here, we isolated partial cDNA clones encoding 70-kDa Hsp (Hsp70) and $\beta$-actin using reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) from gut of Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, a Korean indigenous species and cold-water fish, and investigated expression profiles of Hsp70 under an increase of water temperature using $\beta$-actin as an internal control for RT-PCR. Cloned Hsp70 cDNA of R. kumgangensis showed homology to Ctenopharyngodon idella (96%), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (96%), Danio rerio (93%) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (81%) Hsp70. Cloned $\beta$-actin cDNA of R. kumgangensis showed homology to D. rerio (98%), H. molitrix (97%), C. idella (97%) and O. mykiss (90%) $\beta$-actin. Both mRNA of Hsp70 and $\beta$-actin were expressed in gut, brain, and liver in R. kumgangensis. Futhermore, expression of Hsp70, in brain, was highly augmented by an increase of water temperature. These results suggest that Hsp70 mRNA expression level in brain can be used as a biological molecular marker to represent physiological stress against an increase of water temperature.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.81-84
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• 2005

Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP) is a systemic disorder characterized by leukocytoclastic vasculitis that can affect multiple organs predominantly the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Although the specific pathogenesis of HSP is not known, there are several hypotheses. Although the importance of the complement activation in glomerular injury in HSP has been suggested, the complement levels and the blood pressure in those patients are usually normal and massive proteinuria is not common. And pathologic renal changes also have been reported to show a large variety of glomerular changes. However, to our knowledge, a membranoproliferative glomerulo-nephritis (MPGN) is a rare renal clinicopathologic manifestation of HSP. We report a 6-year-old boy with HSP who developed MPGN with hypertension, massive proteinuria, and hypo-complementemia revealed activation of the classical complement pathway, although we could not exclude the possibility of other hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis including post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis.