• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

In the FTA environment, it is necessary to comply with the rules of origin in order to receive duty-free benefits. To do this, they have to precede the Harmonized System(HS) tariff classification of the goods and understand thoroughly the basic principles that constitute the tariff schedule of HS classification. For the correct classification, they should understand exactly the product name of "Heading" about the items, "Legal Note" in the relevant "Section" or "Chapter" as well as provisions of the commentary. Therefore, this paper proposes to develop a HS classification services based on the performance system of knowledge convergence of field terms commonly used in various industries. In result, our services can provide users the conveniences which users first selects one of seven decision elements of the classification and perform the classification easily and accurately.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.473-478
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• 2007

We analyze competitiveness of material and component industry(MCI) of Korea, China and Japan using trade data, OECD ITCS database with HS-code system. We use unit price indices, export unit price index, import unit price index, and TOT unit price index. These indices provide quality information from trade data of value and quantity. Our results show that there are quality gaps among three countries, and that China expand development potential, and the results vary as sectors. It implies that R&D investment to improve quality of MCI products is essential and that sector-specific policy is necessary.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.91-109
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• 2008

The worldwide proliferation of regional trade agreements combined with rising interests of 37countries has led to the emergence of a possible GSTP between each country. Although there are many obstacles to GSTP, its effect, if a realized, will go beyond trade related issues. This study was to specify and estimate a model of Korea-GSTP Ground in Korea that can be used to evaluate and improve management decisions. The development of the model relied on several submodels. On the trade negotiation side, a import demand function was estimated in order to account for the increasing amount of import. In terms of margin of preference(MOP)s, they were used to estimate values after decreasing tax based on scenarios I, II, and III. The results showed that the highest effects for increasing value and amount of import are a freezing crab(HS code 0306143000) and freezing hairtail(HS code 0303793000). This paper will be provide to help policy makers understand the Korea-GSTP Ground in the Korea fishery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.665-666
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• 2005

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Through mapping the HS code to category of Korean legal system, Korean cosmetic market in 2004 was as fellow; domestic demand size (=production-export+import) is 3,272 billion Won that was decreased 5.6% compared with previous year. The sum of production and import of cosmetics are decreased 0.6% and 4.4%, respectively, compared to last you, but that of import is increased 55.7% dramatically. Among the export items, the amounts of shaving and hair treatment exhibit high growth rates. The fragrances, hair dye and make-up products show huge negative growth rates, but baby product and nail care grow positively in domestic demand records. Market share of imported product is overall 17.8%. Fragrances, hair dye and bath product share large market, respectively.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-82
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• 2015

According to the survey on the state of practical usage and present situation of FTAs, conducted among trade companies operating in Shandong province in 2014, more than 90% of companies are believed to be small and medium sized enterprises. Therefore this study tries to test what impact the awareness and utilization of an FTA have on its outcome among trade companies operating in Shandong province as well as partner countries and other trade companies. The research results are as follows. First, we found a positive correlation between 1) a company's global orientation (as measured in export density as a percentage of profit) and 2) its competitiveness (as measured in annual sales), and a company's degree of utilization of FTA provisions. Second, One of the findings is that the more aware of the (exporting) HS code, conventional tariffs and the process of issuing C/O the companies from Shandong province are the more they actually use (utilize) an FTA inpractice. Another interesting finding is that the more aware of the (exporting) HS code and conventional tariffs the enterprises are the higher is their practical usage level of an FTA. Third, however, at the time of this study's completion, FTA utilization was not yet positively correlated with statistically significant performance results. Therefore, to increase the utilization and performance of FTA, the China government have to make a efficient business models for each industry and support the small and mid-size businesses including Shandong province's SMEs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.199-212
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• 2019

This paper presents an investigation on seismic behavior of out-of-code Q690 circular high-strength concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular (HCFTST) columns made up of high-strength (HS) steel tubes (yield strength $f_y{\geq}690MPa$). Eight Q690 circular HCFTST columns with various diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratios, concrete cylinder compressive strengths ($f_c$) and axial compression ratios (n) were tested under the constant axial loading and reversed cyclic lateral loading. The obtained lateral load-displacement hysteretic curves, energy dissipation, skeleton curves and ductility, and stiffness degradation were analyzed in detail to reflect the influences of tested parameters. Subsequently, a simplified shear strength model was derived and validated by the test results. Finally, a finite element analysis (FEA) model incorporating a stress triaxiality dependent fracture criterion was established to simulate the seismic behavior. The systematic investigation indicates the following: compared to the D/t ratio and axial compression ratio, improving the concrete compressive strength (e.g., the HS thin-walled steel tube filled with HS concrete) had a slight influence on the ductility but an obvious enhancement of energy dissipation and peak load; the simplified shear strength model based on truss mechanism accurately predicted the shear-resisting capacity; and the established FEA model incorporating steel fracture criterion simulated well the seismic behavior (e.g., hysteretic curve, local buckling and fracture), which can be applied to the seismic analysis and design of Q690 circular HCFTST columns.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.913-929
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• 2015

Hybrid simulation is increasingly being recognized as a powerful technique for laboratory testing. It offers the opportunity for global system evaluation of civil infrastructure systems subject to extreme dynamic loading, often with a significant reduction in time and cost. In this approach, a reference structure/system is partitioned into two or more substructures. The portion of the structural system designated as 'physical' or 'experimental' is tested in the laboratory, while other portions are replaced with a computational model. Many researchers have quite effectively used hybrid simulation (HS) and real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) methods for examination and verification of existing and new design concepts and proposed structural systems or devices. This paper provides a detailed perspective of the enabling role that HS and RTHS methods have played in advancing the practice of earthquake engineering. Herein, our focus is on investigations related to earthquake engineering, those with CURATED data available in their entirety in the NEES Data Repository.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.559-562
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• 2024

자연어 기반의 분류모델을 개발할 때 높은 성능을 획득하기 위해서는 데이터의 품질이 중요한 요소이다. 특히 무역상품 국제 분류체계 HS-CODE에서 상품명을 기반으로 HS코드를 분류할 때, 라벨링 된 데이터의 품질에 의해서 분류모델의 성능이 좌우된다. 하지만 현실적으로 확보 가능한 데이터셋에는 데이터 라벨링 오류나 데이터로 활용하기에 특징점이 부족한 데이터들이 다수 존재하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 분류모델 학습 데이터의 정제 방법론으로, 딥러닝 기반 노이즈 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 분류 대상의 특징점이 분류 경계값 주변에 존재한다면 분류하기 모호한 노이즈 데이터일 가능성이 높다고 가정하고, 해당 노이즈 데이터를 검출하는 방법으로 딥러닝 기술을 활용한다. 해당 경계값 노이즈 검출 알고리즘으로 데이터를 정제한 뒤 학습모델의 성능비교 결과, 기존 대비 우수한 분류 정확도를 기록하였다.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.27 no.4 s.300
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• pp.94-101
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• 2007

본고는 지난 3월 18일 오전 5시 KBS 1FM에 방송된 "농수산 정책진단"(중앙대 윤석원 교수 진행)을 기록 발췌한 것으로, 방송에 참여한 협회 이승호 협회장은 한미 FTA 협상의 추진상 문제점과 낙농산업의 피해규모 양상을 열거하고 왜 기본적으로 한미 TA를 반대할 수 밖에 없는지의 당위성을 밝히며 당장이라도 협상은 중단되어야 함을 역설할 바 있다. 특히 유제품 시장개방 확대 위기속에 우리 낙농산업의 안정을 위한 정책과제로 전국단일쿼터제 실시와 변칙적인 수입유제품의 수입을 억제하기 위한 HS code의 세분화, 구내 치즈산업의 육성을 위한 제도마련, 학교우유급식 확대를 위한 급식관련법안의 개정 등이 제시되었다.