• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.145-165
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies and solutions for entering China in the tariff and non-tariff sectors of the cosmetic industry. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed the import tariff rate of cosmetics in China, and analyzed the export cost by actually interviewing the exporting companies to derive the economic effect of non-tariff measures. Findings - First, We proposed the use of the FTA business model (basic cosmetics), the use of Korea-China FTA tariffs (foam cleansing, toothpaste), and the use of APTA tariffs (perfume). Second, We proposed cooperation between the governments to facilitate customs clearance procedures and improvement of FTA awareness among corporate practitioners. Third, We proposed the expansion and support of the AEO MRA system and the expansion of Korea-China MOU conclusions regarding the certification system, and the international standardization of domestic licensing system and technical conditions. Fourth, We proposed the use of government-supported projects related to obtaining overseas certifications and overseas expansion through collaboration with the same industry. Research implications or Originality - HS3304 products excluded from the Korea-China FTA should take full advantage of the FTA business model. In addition, the non-tariff measure costs are fixed costs per year, so the ratio decreases as the number of exports and export volume increases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2022

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant cause of hospital-acquired and antibiotic-mediated intestinal diseases and is a growing global public health concern. Overuse of antibiotics and their effect on normal intestinal flora has increased the incidence and severity of infections. Thus, the development of new, effective, and safe treatment options is a high priority. Here, we report a new probiotic strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA PMC-80), and its in vitro/in vivo anti-C. difficile effect as a prospective novel candidate for replacing conventional antibiotics. BA PMC-80 showed a significant anti-C. difficile effect in coculture assay, and its cell-free supernatant (CFS) also exhibited a considerable anti-C. difficile effect with an 89.06 ㎍/ml 50% minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in broth microdilution assay. The CFS was stable and equally functional under different pHs, heat, and proteinase treatments. It also exhibited a high sensitivity against current antibiotics and no toxicity in subchronic toxicity testing in hamsters. Finally, BA PMC-80 showed a moderate effect in a hamster CDI model with reduced infection severity and delayed death. However, further studies are required to optimize the treatment condition of the hamster CDI model for better efficacy and identify the antimicrobial compound produced by BA PMC-80.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

본 연구는 팽창질석을 사용하여 수용액 상의 구리이온 흡착 제거능을 평가 하고자 하였다. 질석의 화학적 조성분석은 XRF, 구리이온 농도분석은 UV-VIS를 각각 사용하여 이루어졌다. 수용액 상의 구리이온의 제거양상을 살펴보기 위해 batch kinetic test와 batch sorption test가 실시되었고, 그 결과 구리의 제거속도($K_{obs}$, 1/hr)는 초기pH 3일때 0.73, pH 4일때 1.52, pH 5일때 1.71였고 초기농도가 $1mg\;L^{-1}$ 일때 3.19, 5일때 1.90, 10일때 0.73으로 초기구리농도와 반비례하고 초기 pH와는 비례하여 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 하지만 초기용액의 농도차이보다 초기pH의 영향이 지배적일 것이라는 예상하에 동일한 농도에 pH만 달리하여 실험해본 결과 역시 예상대로 pH에 따라 제거속도가 크게 차이남을 알 수 있었다. 최종적으로 batch sorption test를 통해 얻은 결과를 각각 Freundlich와 Langmuir 등온흡착식에 대입한 결과 두 식 모두 양호한 fitting 결과를 얻을 수 있었으나 Freundlich 식의 결정계수가 0.965로 Langmuir 식의 결정계수 0.936보다 좀 더 높게 나타나 좀 더 정확한 fitting 결과를 보여주었다. Langmuir 모델로부터 얻은 최대흡착용량($Q_{max}$), Freundlich 모델의 분배계수, n 값은 각각 $1,250mg\;kg^{-1}$, $635.1L\;kg^{-1}$, 1.69였다. 이러한 결과는 팽창질석이 다양한 형태의 수용액 상에 존재하는 구리이온을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1184-1194
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• 2020

Melanin is a major factor that darkens skin color as one of the defense systems to prevent the harmful effects of UV light. However, darkened skin from the localized or systemic accumulation of melanin is viewed in many cultures as an esthetic problem. Consequentially, searching for anti-melanogenic agents from natural sources is very popular worldwide. Previous screening of fermented rice products, obtained from various rice cultivars fermented with different sources of loog-pang (Thai traditional fermentation starter), revealed that the highest ability to reduce the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells was from unpolished black rice fermented with a defined starter mixture of microbes isolated from loog-pang E11. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the fermented unpolished black rice (FUBR) on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The strongest reduction of cellular melanin content was found in the FUBR sap (FUBRS). The melanin reduction activity was consistent with the significant decrease in the intracellular tyrosinase activity. The FUBRS showed no cytotoxic effect to B16F10 melanoma or Hs68 human fibroblast cell lines. It also significantly reduced the transcript and protein expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1), TYRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Furthermore, it induced a significantly increased level of phosphorylated ERK, p38 and Akt signaling pathways, which likely contributed to the negative regulation of melanogenesis. From these results, a model for the mechanism of FUBRS on melanogenesis inhibition was proposed. Moreover, these results strongly suggested that FUBRS possesses anti-melanogenesis activity with high potential for cosmeceutical application as a skin depigmenting agent.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Finite element analysis(FEA) has been extensively applied in the analyses of biomechanical properties of stents. Geometrically, a closed-cell stent is an assembly of a number of repeated unit cells and exhibits periodicity in both longitudinal and circumferential directions. This study concentrates on various parameters of the FEA models for the analysis of drug-eluting biodegradable polymeric stents for application to the treatment of coronary artery disease. In order to determine the mechanical characteristics of biodegradable polymeric stents, FEA was used to model two different types of stents: tubular stents(TS) and helicoidal stents(HS). For this modeling, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG)-eluting poly[(L-lactide-co-${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone), PLCL] (E-PLCL) was chosen as drug-eluting stent materials. E-PLCL was prepared by blending PLCL with 5% EGCG as previously described. In addition, the effects of EGCG blending on the mechanical properties of PLCL were investigated for both types of stent models. EGCG did not affect tensile strength at break, but significantly increased elastic modulus of PLCL. It is suggested that FEA is a cost-effective method to improve the design of drug-eluting biodegradable polymeric stents.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.26-33
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• 1995

Silicone Rubber (SR)-based potassium- and sodium-selective solid-state electrodes have been developed for the portable blood electrolyte analyzer system. The electrochemical performance of these electrodes have been evaluated with a static experimental setup and with the newly developed blood electrolyte analyzer system (model; HS603). It has been shown that their potentiometric properties are essentially comparable to those of PVC-based ion-selective electrodes, but with greatly improved lifetime (200 and 40 days for potassium and sodium sensors, respectively) and potential stability (within $\pm0.1$ mV). Clinical tests have been performed with real serum samples and the results have been compared with those obtained from Ciba-Corning BGA 288 system; correlations were excellent, proving its practical utility as a new commercial system.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2009

In this study, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to decide three kinds of material property of vibration proof rubber with the unique characteristic of non-linear and large deformation. As well, three types of hardness (Hs 50, 55, 60) were compared with the result of fatigue tests, fatigue life was able to be predicted. The request for fatigue life becomes strict more and more as increasing stress under conditions like a compaction, high load and high temperature for parts because it is main characteristics of rubber mount for automotive. Regarding to the fatigue life under dynamic deformation condition, it can be predicted as checking forced deformation extends and its frequency and its strain-life curve. As for material property tests of uniaxial tension test, uniaxial compression test, pure shear test, Ogden model was used for FEA by observing relations between stress and strain's rate as curve fitting. As a result of FEA, fatigue life for rubber mount was predicted and accorded well with the experimental data of fatigue test with hourglass specimens. In addition, its property of the predictable fatigue life method suggested in this study was accorded well with the experimental data by comparing the predicted fatigue life of FEA with the result of fatigue test for rubber component of engine rubber mount.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2015

Brown algal extracts have long been used as feed supplements to promote health of farm animals. Here, we show new molecular insights in to the mechanism of action of a fucose containing polymer (FCP) rich fraction from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum using the Caenorhabditis elegans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 infection model. FCP enhanced survival of C. elegans against pathogen stress, correlated with up-regulation of key immune response genes such as: lipases, lysozyme (lys-1), saponin-like protein (spp-1), thaumatin-like protein (tlp-1), matridin SK domain protein (msk-1), antibacterial protein (abf-1), and lectin family protein (lfp). Further, FCP caused down regulation of P. aeruginosa quorum sensing genes: (lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR), secreted virulence factors (lipase, proteases, and elastases) and toxic metabolites (pyocyanin, hydrogen cyanide, and siderophore). Biofilm formation and motility of pathogenic bacteria were also greatly attenuated when the culture media were treated with FCP. Interestingly, FCP failed to mitigate the pathogen stress in skn-1, daf-2, and pmk-1 mutants of C. elegans. This indicated that, FCP treatment acted on the regulation of fundamental innate immune pathways, which are conserved across the majority of organisms including humans. This study suggests the possible use of FCP, a seaweed component, as a functional food source for healthy living.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Objectives: Astragalus membranaceus has been reported to inhibit immune responses, but its effect on hair loss is not clear. In this study, the effect of A. membranaceus extract (AM) on hair regrowth in C57BL/6 mice with natural hair loss in the telogen phase was investigated. Methods: Mice with natural hair loss were topically treated with 1% AM on the dorsal skin for 2 weeks. Dorsal skin samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and probed with an anti-mouse CD8a IgG. The mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ and interleukin (IL)-4 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: AM treatment induced hair regrowth in hair loss mice, while control mice suffered continued hair loss. Tapering hair shafts and broken hair follicles were decreased as well as CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration. In addition, the expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-4 were reduced by AM treatment. Also, AM treatment significantly increased the KGF expressions in Hs68 fibroblast cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that topical application of A. membranaceus may be an alternative therapy for hair loss.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 1992

부식산과 흘브산이 Paraquat의 약해에 미치는 영향은 호밀의 생물검정을 통해 고사일수, 생중량 및 성장률에 관한 약해지표를 설정하고 Model을 도입하여 평가했다. 호밀의 생육상황에 대한 유기리간드 자체의 영향은 거의 없었으나, Paraquat의 독성은 매우 높았다. Paraquat의 약해가 강하게 나타나기 시작하는 농도는 $0.4{\sim}0.6{\mu}M$ 이었으며, 약해한계농도 (Phytotoxic Critical concentration)는 약 11${\mu}M$ 로 추정되었다. 유기리간드의 처리는 Paraquat의 약해에 의해 초래되는 고사일수를 약 40%까지 지연 시켰으며, Paraquat 단독처리구보다 생중량 및 성장률을 유의성있게 향상시켜, Paraquat의 호밀에 대한 약해를 줄여 주었다.