• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.6
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• pp.59-66
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• 1995

The hot electron induced effective channel length modulation (${\Delta}L_{H}$) and HEIP characteristics in PMOSFET's after bidirectional stress are presented. Trapped electron charges in gate oxide and lateral field are calculated from the gate current model, and ${\Delta}L_{H}$(${\Delta}L_{HD},\;{\Delta}L_{HS}$) is calculated using trapped electron charges and lateral field. It has been found that ${\Delta}I_{d}$and ${\Delta}L_{H}$ are more affected by the stress order (Forward-Reverse of Reverse or Reverse-Forward) than the stress direction, and they vary logarithmically with the stress time. In contrast, ${\Delta}V_{t}$ and ${\Delta}V_{pt}$ are more affected by the stress direction thatn the stress order. The correlation between ${\Delta}V_{pt}$ and the stress time can be explanined as the following polynomial functin: ${\Delta}V_{pt}$=AT$^{n}$. It has also been shown that PMOSFET degradation is related with the gate current and the effects of ${\Delta}V_{pt}$ is the most significant.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.895-897
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• 2009

Lonicera japonica has been widely used for chronic inflammatory diseases in many Asian countries. Its analgesic effect has not been explored yet. This study aimed to test the analgesic potential of methanol extracts from Lonicera japonica (MELJ) in rat neuropathic mctel. Neuropathic pain was pacts ed by partial sciatic nerve injury. Two weeks after surgery, neuropathic rats received oral administration of MELJ at doses of either 0.0 g/kg, 0.2 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg. At dose of 0.0 g, rats were administered with saline only and used as conracl. The behavioral tests for f 0.0 g, raand ccld hs were adma were weformed up to 2 hours after treatment. The MELJ at the dose 0.4 g/kg dmg gfg, ntly alleviated f 0.0 g, rahyperalgesia, but not cold hyperalgesia. These results showed that the MELJ had, although transient, analgesic effect on mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat neuropathic model.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.3213-3230
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• 2016

Sensor node (SN) is a crucial part in any remote monitoring system. It is a device designed to monitor the particular changes taking place in its environs. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a system formed by the set of wirelessly connected SNs placed at different geographical locations within a target region. Precise placement of SNs is appreciated, as it affects the efficiency and effectiveness of any WSN. The manual placement of SNs is only feasible for small scale regions. The task of SN placement becomes tedious, when the size of a target region is extremely large and manually unreachable. In this research article, an automated mechanism for fast and precise deployment of SNs in a large scale target region has been proposed. It uses an assembly of rotating cannons to launch the SNs from a moving carrier helicopter. The entire system is synchronized such that the launched SNs accurately land on the pre-computed desired locations (DLs). Simulation results show that the proposed model offers a simple, time efficient and effective technique to place SNs in a large scale target region.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1869-1882
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• 1998

In this paper, we investigae convergence behaviors of a differential method for 2-D motion parameter estimation. While the differential method is widely studied for motion compensated prediction in video coding, little attention hs been paid to its convergence properties. Based on the nonseparable exponential covariance image model, we derive the estimates of update terms for the 2- and 6-parameter motion models. And, the effect of noise, spatial correlation, choice of spatial gradient measures, andthe size of a region, are quantitatively anlyzed in relation to the convergence speed. Some empirical results are presented to verify the analysis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

Propofol(2,6-diisopropyl phenol) is a phenol derivative that is chemically distinct from other intravenous sedative hypnotics. It has been extensively used as a short term anesthetic agent, because of the rapid onset and short duration of action. Propofol microemulsion system was prepared with different concentrations of ethyl oleate, $Solutol^{(R)}$ HS 15 and $Kollidon^{(R)}$ 17 PF. Propofol microemulsions were studied by transmittance, viscosity, particle size, in vitro release and pharmacokinetics. The range of transmittance of A group with 4% ethyl oleate and that of B group with 5% ethyl oleate were 92.6~95.1 and 91.3~94.2%, respectively. Transmittance 1~2% decreased as concentration of $Kollidon^{(R)}$ 17 PF was increased and increased 0.8~3.3% when 10 times diluted with normal saline. The viscosity of A and B group were in the range of 3.9~4.1 mPaㆍsec and 4.4~5.3 mPaㆍsec, respectively. The particle sizes of A and B group increased as amount of $Kollidon^{(R)}$ 17 PF. Also, release of propofol was slowly increased as the amount of $Kollidon^{(R)}$ 17 PF was increased. Propofol plasma concentration by i.v injection showed 2-compartment model. Pharmacokinetics of A-5 was similar to that of commercial emuision(POFOL).

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.134-142
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• 2005

Liver cancer is a leading cause of tumor-related mortality, Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is one of the most extensively studied hepatic carcinogens to date. In this study, the mRNA expression profile in DEN-induced liver tumors in mice was analyzed using DNA microarrays. We report increased expression of genes that participate in hypoxia response, including metallothionein 1 (Mt1), metallothionein 2 (Mt2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), transferrin (Trf), adipose differentiation-related Protein (AdfP) and ceruloplasmin (CP), as well as those involved in predisposition and development of cancers, such as cytochrome P450 2A5 (Cyp2a5), alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein (Ahsg) and Jun-B oncogene (Junb). The hepatic iron regulatory peptide, hepcidin (Hampl), was downregulated in DEN-stimulated liver tumors. Expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as tripartite motif protein 13 (Trim13), was decreased under these conditions. The data collectively indicate that DEN-induced tumor development can be exploited as a possible model for liver cancer, since this process involves various genes with important functions in hepatic carcinogenesis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2010

Boiled-type shrimp flavor was developed using Maillard reaction to reduce or mask fish odor or off-flavor in seafood. Model systems were created using enzymatic hydrolysate of shrimp and adding precursor compounds to increase flavor quality and stability. Amino acid precursors of cysteine and methionine and sugar precursors such as glucose, xylose, ribose and sucrose were tried and their flavor qualities were tested by sensory evaluation. After the optimal precursors were determined, the optimum reaction condition was investigated using pHs of 5, 6, 7, and 8 and reaction times of 1, 2 and 3 hours. The best precursors for boiled-type shrimp flavor were methionine and sucrose. The optimum reaction condition was pH 8.0 and a one hour reaction time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1518-1527
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• 2023

A method was proposed for in-situ evaluating the thickness and resistivity of the oxide/hydroxide film formed on the surface of aluminum alloy exposed to sump water formed in the containment after a loss-of-coolant accident. The evaluation entailed fitting a model for the film impedance, which has film thickness and other variables describing the resistivity profile of the film along its thickness direction as fitting parameters, to the practically measured electrochemical impedance data. The obtained resistivity profiles implied that the films formed at pHs_25℃ 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 all had a duplex structure; compared to the outer layer in contact with the solution, the inner layer of the film had a much higher resistivity and was inferred to be denser and provide most of the protectiveness of the film. Both the thickness and the total resistance of the film decreased with the increasing solution pH_25℃, suggesting that the films formed in more alkaline solutions had less protectiveness against corrosion, consistent with the increasing aluminum alloy corrosion rates previously identified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1744-1752
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• 2013

We investigated the protective effect of UVB inducing photodamage from mulberry extract (ME) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract (LE). The contents of total anthocyanin and shikonin as a color compound of ME and LE were 4.92 mg/g and 9.58 mg/g, respectively. The electron donating ability and superoxide radical scavenging activity of ME were 84.32% and 76.34%, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the ME ($545.37{\mu}moles$ TE/g) was higher than LE ($427.18{\mu}moles$ TE/g). MMP-1 production in the HS68 cells were exposed to UVB suppressed by treatment with $200{\mu}g/mL$ of ME (68.6%) and LE (32.7%). ME and LE were applied to a skin aging mouse model, which was induced by the irradiation of UVB to the backs of hairless mice. The value of skin erythema index, wrinkle depth and thickness, epidermis thickness, and collagenous fiber damage in the experiment groups (MEL: ME 3%, MEM: ME 5%, MEH: ME 7%, LEL: LE 3%, LEM: LE 5%, LEH: LE 7%) were remarkably reduced than in the control group (only UVB exposure group), while water capacity increased. The level of total wrinkles depth in the skin was decreased to be 30% of the control group by MEH and LEM. These results suggest that ME and LE are useful cosmetic materials for skin protection against UVB-inducing.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.77-90
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• 2018

Software Defect Prediction (SDP) is a field of study that identifies defective modules. With insufficient local data, a company can exploit Cross-Project Defect Prediction (CPDP), a way to build a classifier using dataset collected from other companies. Most machine learning algorithms for SDP have used more than one parameter that significantly affects prediction performance depending on different values. The objective of this study is to propose a parameter selection technique to enhance the performance of CPDP. Using a Harmony Search algorithm (HS), our approach tunes parameters of cost-sensitive boosting, a method to tackle class imbalance causing the difficulty of prediction. According to distributional characteristics, parameter ranges and constraint rules between parameters are defined and applied to HS. The proposed approach is compared with three CPDP methods and a Within-Project Defect Prediction (WPDP) method over fifteen target projects. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model outperforms the other CPDP methods in the context of class imbalance. Unlike the previous researches showing high probability of false alarm or low probability of detection, our approach provides acceptable high PD and low PF while providing high overall performance. It also provides similar performance compared with WPDP.