• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2023

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is difficult to diagnose, with a period of 10.0±9.6 years from symptom onset to diagnosis. A 32-year-old Asian man presented with bilateral postauricular abscesses that first appeared 5 years previously. Despite several incisions and drainage, the symptoms only temporarily improved and continued to recur. On physical examination, chronic scars and sinus tracts were observed around the lesion. Postauricular HS was diagnosed, and surgical treatment was performed. We performed a wide excision and reconstructed the defect using a posterior auricular artery perforator-based keystone flap. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of HS. The reconstruction was successful, and there was no recurrence for 2 years after surgery. HS is difficult to diagnose without specific attention. Although the postauricular region is not a typical site of HS, it can occur in this area. Therefore, if a patient presents with recurrent abscesses in the postauricular region, HS should be considered. Additionally, if HS is diagnosed in the postauricular region, wide excision with reconstruction using a posterior auricular artery perforator-based keystone flap can lead to a favorable outcome.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

Previously we observed that human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) could form aggregation during culture in the presence of human serum (HS). In the present study, we have examined if the aggregation might result from the cell migration and analyzed the difference of cell adhesivity after culture in various conditions. When cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) alone, there was no morphological change. Similarly, cells pretreated with FBS for 1 day or cultured in a mixture of FBS and HS showed little change. In contrast, cells cultured in HS alone exhibited formation of cell-free area (spacing) and/or cell aggregation. When cells cultured in FBS or pretreated with FBS were treated with 0.06% trypsin, almost cells remained attached to the dish surfaces. In contrast, when cells cultured in HS alone were examined, most cells detached from the dish by the same treatment. Treatment of cells with forskolin, isobutylmethyl xanthine (IBMX) or LY294002 inhibited the formation of spacing whereas H89 or Y27632 showed little effect. When these cells were treated with 0.06% trypsin after culture, most cells detached from the dishes as cells cultured in HS alone did. However, cells treated with IBMX exhibited weaker adhesivity than HS alone. Based on these observations, it is suggested that HS treatment might decrease the adhesivity and induce three-dimensional migration of hADSCs, in the latter of which cAMP signaling could be involved.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.531-544
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• 2021

Heat stress (HS) damages health and decreases performance variables in pigs, and if severe enough, causes mortality. However, metabolic changes under HS and recovery following HS are poorly understood. Therefore, this study was aimed to expose the essential mechanisms by which growing pigs respond to HS and the temporal pattern of plasma concentrations (PC) of amino acids (AAs) and metabolites. Crossbred male growing pigs were penned separately and allowed to adapt to thermal-neutral (TN) conditions (20℃ and 80% relative humidity; TN[-1D]). On the first day, all pigs were exposed to HS for 24 h (36℃ and 60% relative humidity), then to TN conditions for 5 days (TN[2D] to TN[5D]). All pigs had ad libitum access to water and 3 kg feed twice daily. Rectal temperature (RT) and feed intake (FI) were determined daily. HS pigs had higher RT (40.72℃) and lower (50%) FI than TN(-1D) pigs (p < 0.01). The PC of indispensable (threonine, valine, and methionine) and dispensable (cysteine and tyrosine) AAs were higher (p < 0.05) in HS than TN(-1D) pigs and remained increased during recovery time. Nonprotein α-aminobutyric acid and β-alanine concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in HS than TN(-1D) pigs. The metabolite concentration of creatinine was higher (p < 0.01) under HS treatment than other treatments, but that of alanine and leucine remained increased (p < 0.05) through 5 d of recovery. In summary, some major differences were found in plasma AA profiles and metabolites between HS- and TN-condition pigs. This indicates that the HS pigs were forced to alter their metabolism, and these results provide information about mechanisms of acute HS responses relative to the recovery time.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

현재 운영되고 있는 관세신고납부제도는 납세의무자가 세액 산정을 스스로하고 그 세액을 본인 책임으로 납부하도록 하는 제도이다. 다시 말해, 관세법상 신고 납부제도는 납세액을 정확히 계산해서 납부할 의무와 책임이 온전히 납세의무자에게 무한정으로 부과하는 것을 원칙으로 하고 있다. 따라서, 만일 납세의무자가 그 의무와 책임을 제대로 행하지 못했을 경우에는 부족한 만큼의 세액 추징과 그에 대한 제제로 가산세를 부과하고 있다. 이러한 이유로 세액 산정의 기본이 되는 품목분류는 관세평가와 함께 가장 어려운 부분이며 잘못 분류하게 되면 기업에게도 큰 리스크가 될 수도 있다. 이러한 이유로 관세전문가인 관세사에게 상당한 수수료를 지불하면서 수입신고를 위탁하여 처리하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수입신고 시 신고하려는 품목이 어떤 것인지 HS 코드 분류를 하여 수입신고 시 기재해야 할 HS 코드를 추천해 주는데 목적이 있다. HS 코드 분류를 위해 관세청 품목분류 결정 사례를 바탕으로 사례에 첨부된 이미지를 활용하여 HS 코드 분류를 하였다. 이미지 분류를 위해 이미지 인식에 많이 사용되는 딥러닝 알고리즘인 CNN을 사용하였는데, 세부적으로 CNN 모델 중 VggNet(Vgg16, Vgg19), ResNet50, Inception-V3 모델을 사용하였다. 분류 정확도를 높이기 위해 3개의 dataset을 만들어 실험을 진행하였다. Dataset 1은 HS 코드 이미지가 가장 많은 5종을 선정하였고 Dataset 2와 Dataset 3은 HS 코드 2단위 중 가장 데이터 샘플의 수가 많은 87류를 대상으로 하였으며, 이 중 샘플 수가 많은 5종으로 분류 범위를 좁혀 분석하였다. 이 중 dataset 3로 학습시켜 HS 코드 분류를 수행하였을 때 Vgg16 모델에서 분류 정확도가 73.12%로 가장 높았다. 본 연구는 HS 코드 이미지를 이용해 딥러닝에 기반한 HS 코드 분류를 최초로 시도하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한, 수출입 업무를 하고 있는 기업이나 개인사업자들이 본 연구에서 제안한 모델을 참조하여 활용할 수 있다면 수출입 신고 시 HS 코드 작성에 도움될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The purpose of this article is to investigate the predicted life of jointed concrete pavement (JCP) with two variables effecting on axle load spectra (ALS). The first variable is different data acquisition methods whether using high-speed weigh-in-motion (HS-WIM) or not and the other one is spectra distribution due to overweight enforcement on main-lane of expressway using HS-WIM. METHODS : Three sets of ALS had been collected i) ALS provided by Korea Pavement Research Program (KPRP), which had been obtained without using HS-WIM ii) ALS collected by HS-WIM before the enforcement at Kimcheon and Seonsan site iii) ALS collected after the enforcement at the same sites. And all ALS had been classified into twelve vehicle classes and four axle types to compare each other. Among the vehicle classes, class 6, 7, 10 and 12 were selected as the major target for comparing each ALS because these were considered as the primary trucks with a high rate of overweight loading. In order to analyze the performance of JCP based on pavement life, fatigue crack and International Roughness Index (IRI) were predicted using road pavement design program developed by KPRP and each ALS with same annual average daily traffic (AADT) was applied to design slab thickness. RESULTS : Comparison ALS of KPRP with those of HS-WIM shows that the ALS of KPRP has a low percentage of heavy spectra such as 6~9 tonnes for single axle, 18~21 tonnes for tandem axle and 27~30 tonnes for tridem axle than other two ALS of HS-WIM in most vehicle classes and axle types. It means that ALS of KPRP was underestimated. And after the enforcement, percentage of heavy spectra close to 10 tonnes per an axle are lowered than before the enforcement by the effect of overweight enforcement because the spectra are related to overweight regulation. Prediction results of pavement life for each ALS present that the ALS of HS-WIM collected before the enforcement makes the pavement life short more than others. On the other hand, the ALS of KPRP causes the longest life under same thickness of slab. Thus, it is possible that actual performance life of JCP under the traffic like ALS of HS-WIM could be short than predicted life if the pavement was designed based on ALS provided by KPRP. CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to choose more reliable and practical ALS when designing JCP because ALS can be fairly affected by acquisition methods. In addition, it is important to extend performance life of the pavement in service by controlling traffic load such as overweight enforcement.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.359-366
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• 2005

Most engineering optimization are based on numerical linear and nonlinear programming methods that require substantial gradient information and usually seek to improve the solution in the neighborhood of a starting point. These algorithm, however, reveal a limited approach to complicated real-world optimization problems. If there is more than one local optimum in the problem, the result may depend on the selection of an initial point, and the obtained optimal solution may not necessarily be the global optimum. This paper describes a new harmony search(HS) meta-heuristic algorithm-based approach for structural size optimization problems with continuous design variables. This recently developed HS algorithm is conceptualized using the musical process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. It uses a stochastic random search instead of a gradient search so that derivative information is unnecessary. Two classical space truss optimization problems are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the HS algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed approach is a powerful search and optimization technique that may yield better solutions to structural engineering problems than those obtained using current algorithms.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

The gas atmosphere in continuous annealing and galvanizing lines alters both composition and microstructure of the surface and sub-surface of sheet steel. The formation and morphology of the oxides of alloying elements in High Strength Interstitial Free (HS-IF), Dual Phase (DP) and Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels are strongly influenced by the furnace dew point, and the presence of specific oxide may result in surface defects and bare areas on galvanized sheet products. The present contribution reviews the progress made recently in understanding the selective formation of surface and subsurface oxides during annealing in hot dip galvanizing and conventional continuous annealing lines. It is believed that the surface and sub-surface composition and microstructure have a pronounced influence on galvanized sheet product surface quality. In the present study, it is shown that the understanding of the relevant phenomena requires a combination of precise laboratory-scale simulations of the relevant technological processes and the use of advanced surface analytical tools.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.273-274
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• 2008

According to current RRC procedures, network does not know either how long it will take the RRC reconfiguration message (such as Physical Channel Reconfiguration (PCR)/Transport Channel Reconfiguration (TCR)/Radio Bearer Reconfiguration (RBR)) to be transmitted over the source cell or how long the UE will take to reconfigure on receiving the message, it has to assume the worst-case. Thus, it typically indicates a conservative activation time, leading to potentially large interruption for voice traffic, particularly if the source cell signal strength has degraded. This proposals allow the UE to receive the serving cell related information (carried today in PCR/RBR/TCR message) in an Active Set Update message.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.91-109
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• 2008

The worldwide proliferation of regional trade agreements combined with rising interests of 37countries has led to the emergence of a possible GSTP between each country. Although there are many obstacles to GSTP, its effect, if a realized, will go beyond trade related issues. This study was to specify and estimate a model of Korea-GSTP Ground in Korea that can be used to evaluate and improve management decisions. The development of the model relied on several submodels. On the trade negotiation side, a import demand function was estimated in order to account for the increasing amount of import. In terms of margin of preference(MOP)s, they were used to estimate values after decreasing tax based on scenarios I, II, and III. The results showed that the highest effects for increasing value and amount of import are a freezing crab(HS code 0306143000) and freezing hairtail(HS code 0303793000). This paper will be provide to help policy makers understand the Korea-GSTP Ground in the Korea fishery.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.167-191
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• 2007

The EU has introduced various environmental protection policies and regulations which are stricter than accepted international standards. WEEE, RoHS, and EuP directives in the Electrical and Electronic Industry could have a direct effect on our exports to EU countries. To gradually enlarge exports to the EU, it is necessary to have a precise understanding of the EU's environmental regulations and prepare the relevant countermeasures to adequately cope with them. Korean companies should formulate concrete plans to meet the EU's environmental regulations in those industry. In order to decrease the negative effects that environmental regulations of EU give to Korea, the corporations and the government should change their present passive environmental policy and carry out the environmental- friendly policy. If Korean companies can adequately meet the standards set by the environmental policies and regulations of the EU, it will greatly enhance the competitiveness of companies in this market.