• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2004

This study was to study the antibacterial effect of Lignum sappan extract on S. mutans growth. The antibacterial activities of Lignum sappan's crude extract was measured 17.3 mm at 20 mg/ml concentration. The growth of S. mutans in control medium was the highest at 8hr, while the media of Lignum sappan extract added-medium (2 mg/ml) showed maximum growth at 16hr. The pH values of the control media was 5.08 at 8hr, but the media supplemented with Lignum sappan extract was 6.69 at 8hr. The amounts of total carbohydrate of the control media was 0.81 mg/ml at 8hr, but the media supplemented with Lignum sappan extract was 2.06 mg/ml at 8hr. In the protein change of culture medium, the control culture broth and the cultures supplemented with Lignum sappan extract was 8.39 mg/ml and 12.3 mg/ml at 8hr, respectively. The S. mutans polysaccharide contents of the control media and the media supplemented with Lignum sappan extract was 300 mg/100ml and 60 mg/100ml at 8hr, respectively.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 1997

In this study the changes of the hardness and microstructures during aging at 120$^{\cire}C$ of an RS-P/M Al-5.6wt%Zn-2.0wt%Mg-1.3wt%Zr-1.0wt%Mn-0.25wt%Cu alloy were studied using a transmission electron microscopy. The hardness increased rapidly at early stage of aging and reached the maximun when the specimen was aged for 24 hr. The many irregular-shaped $Al_4Mn$ and rod-shaped $Al_6Mn$ dispersoids with 0.1-0.4 $\mu$m in length were observed in the as-extruded alloy. The dark particles with 2-3 nm in size were observed in aged specimen for 5hr and those are thought to be G.P.zones or precursor of $\eta'$ precipitates. In aged specimen for 24 hr, the $\eta'$ phases were distributed homogeneously within the matrix and the PFZ with 30-40 nm in width was observed along the grain boundary. With further aging, the width of PFZ increased and $\eta$ phases were also detected within the matrix.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2000

To investigate the effects of bacterial endotoxin on lipids and cytokines, and to explain the relationships between their changes, we carried out this study using experi-mentally Escherichia coli (E. coli) endotoxin-induced septicemic rabbits. The triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in endotoxin groups were generally high (p<0.01 or 0.05) at all sampling time points (from 3hr to 24 hr), while phospholipid concentrations in endotoxin groups elevated in dose-dependent fashion at 3hr and 6hr after endotoxin injection compared to control group (p<0.05), There were significant negative correlations between lipids changes and cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$) each other (p<0.05), and endotoxic rabbits having higher triglyceride of cholesterol levels shown relatively better conditions compared with others. As a result, the alterations in the lipid compositions caused by endotoxin may imply an active exhibition of the host defense mechanism rather than the disturbances of lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to develop a mineral phosphate-solubilizing bacterium as a biofertilizer. A mineral phosphate-solubilizing bacterium HR-1019 was isolated from cultivated soils. It was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rDNA analysis. The phosphate-solubilizing activities of the HR-1019 strain against three types of insoluble phosphate, hydroxyapatite, tri-calcium phosphate, and aluminum phosphate were quantitatively determined. When 5% of glucose concentration was used as a carbon source, the strain showed marked mineral phosphate-solubilizing activity. Mineral phosphate solubilization was directly related to pH drop in the culture solution of the strain. The pathogenic activity and antifungal effects of the HR-1019 strain were measured inclear zones formed in PDA media.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2023

Background: This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between surveillance and adjuvant therapy (AT) groups after R0 resection for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Methods: A total of 154 patients who underwent R0 resection for CCA at the Daegu Catholic University Medical Center between January 2010 and December 2019 were included. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Results: The median follow-up duration was 899 days. There were 109 patients in the AT group and 45 patients in the surveillance group. The patients in the AT group were younger (67 years vs. 74 years, p<0.001) and included more males (64.2% vs. 46.7%, p=0.044). The proportion of patients with stage III CCA was larger in the AT group than in the surveillance group (13.8% vs. 2.2%, p=0.005). In addition, AT did not improve OS (5-year OS rate, 69.3% in the AT group vs. 64.2% in the surveillance group, p=0.806) or PFS (5-year PFS rate, 42.6% in the AT group vs. 48.9% in the surveillance group, p=0.113). In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, stage III CCA (hazard ratio [HR], 10.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92-40.00; p<0.001) was a significant predictor of OS. American Society of Anesthesiologists classification II (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31-0.81; p=0.005), and American Joint Committee on Cancer stages II (HR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.25-7.89; p=0.015) and III (HR, 8.08; 95% CI, 2.80-23.32; p<0.001) were independent predictors of PFS. Conclusion: AT after R0 resection for CCA did not improve OS or PFS.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.31 no.10
• /
• pp.952-963
• /
• 1998

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)-induced hemostatic defects may result increased possibility of excessive hemorrhage and additional multiple transfusion reactions or reoperation. Particularly, fibrinolytic activation and decreased platelet count and function by CPB were proposed as a predictor of hemorrhage during postoperative periods in several reports. Materials and methods: Present study, which was conducted in 20 adult patients undergoing CPB, was prospectively designed to examine the hematologic changes, including fibrinolytic activation during and after CPB and to clarify the relationships between these changes and the magnitude of the postoperative nonsurgical blood loss. The serial blood samples for measurment of hematologic parameters were taken during operation and postoperative periods. Blood loss was respectively counted via thoracic catheter drainage at postoperative 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and total period. Results: The results were obtained as follows:Platelet count rapidly declined following CPB(p<0.01), which its decreasing rate was an inverse proportion to total bypass time(TBT, r=0.55, p=0.01), And platelet count in postoperative 7th day was barely near to its control value. Fibrinogen degradating product(FDP) and D-dimer level significantly increased during CPB(p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively), and both of fibrinogen and plasminogen concentration correlatively decreased during CPB(r=0.57, p<0.01), implying activation of fibrinolytic system. Postoperative bleeding time (BT), postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT) and postoperative prothrombin time (PT) were significantly prolonged as compare with each control value (p=0.05, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively). Total blood loss was positively correlated with patient's age, aortic clamping time (ACT) and TBT, while there was negative correlation between platelet count and blood loss at pre-CPB, CPB-off and the 1st postoperative day, and in some periods. Postoperative aPTT and postoperative PTwere positively related to postoperative 6 hr and 48 hr blood loss(r=0.53, p=0.02; r=0.43, p=0.05) but not to total blood loss, whereas there was no relationship between postoperative BT and blood loss at any period. Conclusions: These observations suggest that CPB results various hematologic changes, including fibrinolytic activation and severe reduction in platelet count. Diverse factors such as age, platelet count, ACT, TBT and postoperative aPTT and PT may magnify the postoperative bleeding. This study will be a basic reference in understanding CPB-induced hemostatic injuries and in decreasing the postoperative hemorrhage

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 1979

The growth characteristics of Methylomonas methanolica YUFE 101, isolated from sewage samples, have been studied. conclusions of the study were; (1) Optimum cultivation pH and temperature are 6.3 and 32.5$^{\circ}C$ respectively (2) The specific oxygen uptake rate was 332 $\mu$ι/mg-dry weight/hr. (3) The maximum specific growth rate was 0.19 h $r^{-1}$ and celluar yield was 0.43 g-dry cell/g-methanol in batch culture, (4) The maximum biomass productivity achieved was 0.21 g-dry cel1/ι/hr at a dillution rate of 0.1 h $r^{-1}$ during continuous cultivation. (5) The contents of crude protein and total nucleic acid in the dry cell were 73 ％ and 12 ％ respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 1995

In order to investigate acute toxicity and bioconcentration of heavy metals for a freshwater fish, the fish used in this experiment was goldfish, Carassius auratus. Each ten goldfish was accommonidated in a water and was treated with different concentration of Pb and Cu compound. The 24 $hr-LC_{50}$ was obtained by plotting on the log-normal distribution graph. Furthermore, the combined effect of Pb and Cu was also investigated the fish was treated with Pb or Cu compound only, and Pb and Cu compound together, respectively. These results were summarized as follows: 1. The 24 $hr-LC_{50}'s$ of Pb and Cu were 7.48 mg/l and 0.666 mg/l, respectively. 2. When single or/and combined treatment with Pb(7.0 mg/l) or/and Cu(0.6 mg/l) to Carassius auratus for 24 hours were performed, there was significant difference between the single or/and the combined treatment in their bioaccumulated Cu concentrations. Cu concentrations in goldfish were higher in the combined treatment than in the single treatment. 3. When Carassius auratus was exposed to 0.748 mg/l (1/10 of 24 $hr-LC_{50}$) and 1.496 mg/l of Pb (1/5 of 24 $hr-LC_{50}$) for 7 days, the bioconcentration factors (BCF) were 79.14 and 100.11 for Pb, respectively. The BCF of Pb was obtained as a linearity according to the concentration and exposure time as follows log BCF=1.014 log $P\cdot T$+1.011 ($r^2$=0.9041) where, P: pollutant concentration(mg/l) T: exposure time(day) 4. When Carassius auratus was pxposed to 0.0666 mg/l (1/10 of 24 $hr-LC_{50}$) and 0.1332 mg/l of Cu (1/5 of 24 $hr-LC_{50}$) for 7 days, the bioconcentration factors (BCF) were 55.42 and 63.24 for Cu respectively. The BCF of Cu was obtained as a linearity according to the concentration and exposure time as follows log BCF=0.571 log $P\cdot T$+1.823 ($r^2$=0.8974) where, P: polutant concentration(mg/l) T: exposure time(day)

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.142-150
• /
• 2003

Performance of a biological filter, the rotating biological contactor (RBC), is affected by rotational speed and hydraulic residence time (HRT). A RBC with a disc diameter of 62 cm, total surface area of 48.28 $m^2$, volume of 0.34 ㎥, and submergence ratio of 35.4% was tested for the combinations of five rotational speeds (1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 rpm) and three HRT (0.5, 1.0 & 2.0 hr) to find out the maximum removal efficiencies of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen of a simulated recirculating aquaculture system. Ammonia loading rate in the system was 25 g of TAN/ ㎥. day. Removal efficiencies were checked when TAN concentrations in the system stabilized for 3 days in each treatment. The concentration of TAN in the system decreased with increasing rotational speed of the RBC up to 4 rpm in all HRT (P<0.05). At the rotational speed of 5 rpm, the efficiencies decreased in all HRT (P<0.05). When the rotational speeds were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 rpm, TAN concentrations in the system were 1.35, 0.94, 0.69, 0.66, and 0.76 mg/L at the 0.5 hr HRT, 2.86, 1.18, 0.96, 0.87, and 1.11 mg/L at the 1.0 hr HRT, and 5.30, 2.44, 1.99, 1.77, and 2.01 mg/L at the 2.0 hr HRT, respectively. The TAN removal efficiencies of the RBC at the rotational speeds of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 rpm were 32.9, 49.5, 65.1, 72.9, and 62.9% in 0.5 hr HRT,33.1, 74.1, 87.1, 95.8, and 78.5% in 1.0 hr HRT, and 35.5, 76.7, 89.6, 97.0, and 85.5% in 2.0 hr HRT, respectively. TAN removal efficiency of RBC per pass increased with increasing HRT. However, TAN concentration in the system also increased. The best operating condition among the treatments was obtained at the treatment of 0.5 hr HRT and 4 rpm (P<0.05). The TAN concentration was 0.66 mg/L. Concentrations of nitrite nitrogen (NO$_2$$^{[-10]}$ -N) in the system decreased with increasing rotational speed in all HRT while that in the system increased with increasing HRT in all rotational speeds. The ranges of NO$_2$$^{[-10]}$ -N concentrations at HRT of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 hr in the system were 0.26~0.32, 0.31~0.56, and 0.43~l.45 mg/L, respectively. The ranges of daily removal rates of TAN in this system were 20.03~23.0 g TAN/㎥ㆍday and those of nitrite nitrogen were 19.65~30.25 g NO$_2$$^{[-10]}$ -N/㎥ㆍday.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.234-245
• /
• 1985

To clarify the diffusional behavior of p-aminbenzoic acid esters in the presence of polyethylene glycol 400, cellulose membrane permeation rate, solubility and viscosity of p-aminobenzoic acid methyl ester, benzocaine and butamben were determined with PEG solutions of various concentrations. With an increase in PEG concentrations permeation rates from solutions; decreased due to an increase in viscosity of the solution. From suspensions, however, permeation rates increased due to an increase in solubility and when the initial drug concentration was constant, permeation rates were found to be greatest from the PEG-water system with the PEG concentration which transported from the solution to the suspension. Permeation rate of 4.0mg/ml p-aminobenzoic acid methyl ester was $26.51\mu$g/ml$\cdot$hr from 5g/100ml PEG solution, and that of 4.0mg/ml benzocaine was $13.17{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}hr$ from 15g/100ml PEG, solution, and that of 2.0mg/ml butamben was $3.8{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}hr$ from 10g/100ml PEG solution. Permeation rate was 7.0 fold in p-aminobenzoic acid methyl, ester and 3.5 fold in benzocaine compared to butamben.