• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

The regulation of HNS has been intensified by the international trends including OPRC-HNS Protocol and '96 Convention which was driven by the high amounts of cargo. Due to the characteristics of HNS that would possibly bring potential damage with personnel and assets, effective management and prompt actions are required definitely. In order to respond effectively against HNS accidents, Korea Coast Guard (KCG) is in the process q development of HNS accident response manual and information system which allows On-Scene Coordinator(OSC) and personnels for rescue including an information for hazardous materials, sensitive area to be affected, solution methods and more. Furthermore, KCG is also building up establishment of national and local contingency plans for HNS in accordance with OPRC-HNS Protocol. It is also advised to proceed for the government to solve the anticipated obstacles that include protection equipments to get close to the site, experts allowing to manage accidents and organizations specialized for overall HNS related matters. The proposed issues described above are planned to conducted on basis of government.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.1-1
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• 2018

위험 유해물질(Hazardous and Noxious Substances) 과 유출에 및 그 대응 기술에 관한 연구는 활발히 이루어졌지만 HNS 선박 승무원 안전 관리 연구는 미흡한 면이 있다. 승무원은 HNS 사고를 미연에 예방하고, 대비할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 사고의 초등 대응 책임자로서 재해 감소에 큰 역할을 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 승무원 재해를 분류 및 구조화하고 Risk 평가하였다. 현 HNS 선박의 방제자원을 분석하여 승무원 Risk를 기반으로 사고 초기 대비 대응력 강화를 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 HNS 선박의 방제자원 모델 개발을 위한 연구를 수행해 나갈 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.662-671
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• 2015

As the type of Hazardous and Noxious Substances(HNS) becomes various and the transport volume of HNS increases, HNS spill incidents occur frequently on land and the sea. In view of various damages to human lives and properties by HNS spills, it is necessary to educate and train professional personnel in preparation for and response to potential HNS spills. This study shows the current state of response systems and education courses against HNS spill incidents on land and the sea to compare those with each other between land and sea in Korea. Incident command system on land are basically similar to that at sea, but leading authority which is responsible for combating HNS spills at sea is changeable depending on the location of HNS spill, as it were, Korea Coast Guard(KCG) is responsible for urgent response to HNS spill at sea, while municipalities are responsible for the response to HNS drifted ashore. Education courses for HNS responders on land are established at National Fire Service Academy(NFSA), National Institute of Chemical Safety(NICS), etc., and are diverse. Education and training courses for HNS responder at sea are established at Korea Coast Guard Academy(KCGA) and Marine Environment Research & Training Institute(MERTI), and are comparatively simple. Education courses for dangerous cargo handlers who work in port where land is linked to the sea are established at Korea Maritime Dangerous Goods Inspection & Research Institute(KOMDI), Korea Port Training Institute(KPTI) and Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology(KIMFT). Through the comparison of education courses for HNS responders between land and sea, some recommendations such as extension of education targets, division of an existing integrated HNS course into two courses composed of operational level and manager level with respective refresh course, on-line cyber course and joint inter-educational institute course in cooperation with other relevant institutes are proposed for the improvement in education courses of KCG and KOEM(Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation) to educate and train professionals for combating HNS spills at sea in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2017

중국의 텐진항 시안화나트륨 폭발과 같이 적절치 않은 대응은 추가 폭발 및 막대한 피해로 이어지게 된다. HNS물질은 600여가지 이상으로 그 종류는 매우 다양하며, 물질마다의 특성이 제각각이다. HNS 물질의 특성을 정확히 분석하지 않고 대응작업을 수행하는 경우 텐진항의 사고와 같은 대형재난을 야기시킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 HNS 물질을 IMDG 코드의 기준에 따라 물질의 특성을 구분하고, 종류별 대응방법을 분석하였다. 그리고 분석된 대응방법을 토대로 물질 유형별 필요/필수 방제자원을 Matrix화하여 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2017

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.857-864
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• 2012

Reviewing the statistics of harbor shipment of hazardous and noxious substance and the past spill accidents of HNS enabled us to assess the potential risks of transportation of HNS through the major harbors in Korea. Ulsan, Yeosu, Daesan port are relatively evaluated high risk in fire, health and environment disaster. Through the analysis of domestic preparedness to HNS accidents, the supplement of expertise resource to respond the vulnerability of the explosion, the fire and the physiological hazard, is required. Based on this risk assessment and review of the advanced case of Japan in building up HNS response system, a resource model at a national level was proposed which differentiates the sea areas for the proper allocation of resources to respond effectively to HNS accidents in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.97-112
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• 2021

This study introduces lessons learned from investigation and analysis of major domestic and overseas cases of marine chemical incidents involving hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) during maritime transportation by chemical tankers carrying petrochemical products in bulk. The study then suggests plans to improve domestic marine HNS training curricula based on these lessons. Lessons learned from six incident cases are classified into the following six categories: 1) incident-related information, 2) safety, 3) pollution, 4) response, 5) salvage and 6) others. Based on these six categories, it is suggested that the curriculum provided by the Marine Environment Research & Training Institute for marine pollution prevention managers aboard noxious liquid substance carriers should be changed from the existing two-day training of eight subjects (16 h) to a three-day training of sixteen subjects (24 h). In addition, it is proposed that the marine chemical incident response course of the Korea Coast Guard Academy should be changed from the existing five-day training of fifteen subjects (35 h) to a six-day training of thirty-two subjects (48 h). These results are expected to contribute to sharing experiences and lessons learned about response to marine chemical incidents and to be used as basic data for improving the education and training courses for response personnel in preparedness for marine HNS incidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.228-232
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• 2016

As the quantity of HNS sea trasport and the number of HNS accidents at sea are increasing recently, the importance of HNS management is emphasized so that we try to develop marine accident case standard code for making HNS accidents at sea databased systemically in this study. First and foremost, we draw the related requisites of essential accident reports along with internal and external decrees and established statistics of classified items for conducting study, and we referred to analogous standard codes obtained from developed countries in order to research code design. Code design is set like 'Accident occurrence ${\rightarrow}$ The initial accident information ${\rightarrow}$ Accident response ${\rightarrow}$ Accident investigation' in accordance with the general flow of marine HNS accidents of in which the accident information is input and queried. We classified initial accident information into the items of five categories and constructed "Preliminary Information Code(P.I.C.)". In addition we constructed accident response in two categories and accident investigation in three categories that get possible after the accident occurrence as called "Full Information(F.I.C.)", including the P.I.C. It is represented in 3 kinds of steps on each topic by departmentalizing the classified majority as classified middle class and classified minority. As a result of coding marine HNS accident and of the code to a typical example of marine HNS accident, HNS accident was ascertained to be represented sufficiently well. We expect that it is feasible to predict possible trouble or accident henceforward by applying code, and also consider that it is valuable to the preparedness, response and restoration in relation to HNS accidents at sea by managing systemically the data of marine HNS accidents which will occur in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

Since the OPRC-HNS Protocol entered into forced in the June of 2007, the potential effects on industrial circles are encouraged to be analyzed according to the obligatory regulations listed in the Protocols. This study was conducted on the quantitative analysis of the possible effect on the industrial circles if Korea accedes to OPRC-HNS Protocol. In spite of any burdens caused by keeping "accident emergency program memorandum" and performing "education and any training program for the crews", potential decrease of insurance fee is in possibility provided it follows. In addition, the oil refinery and petrochemical industries may also have burdens for potential costs for acquiring any materials including equipments and fees for education and training related to HNS. However, minimizing any costs by swift response against accidents would be big advantage that comes with paying of small amounts of expense by international convention related to HNS.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2017

Current scenarios for marine spill accidents were developed based on probable maximum spill accidents. However,, accidents of similar scale to maximum spill accidents are virtually non-existent, and training or deployment of response equipment based on these scenarios can be cost prohibitive. Current scenarios require realism for practical use and need to be designed for purpose of use. In this study we developed scenarios that may replace current scenarios by using the HNS accident standard codes based on past accident cases. Scenarios were developed by modularizing the HNS accident standard code, that is classified into three scenarios: Maximum Frequency Scenario, Maximum Damage Scenario, and Maximum Vulnerability Scenario. The situation of an accident presented in each scenario developed in this process is much like a real accident, and therefore, it is has practical application.