• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.221-233
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• 2013

This study was performed to identify the effect of end-coating around pith of heavy timbers of Red pine and Korean pine on high temperature and low humidity drying characteristics. Total drying times were 268 hours, and ranges of final moisture content was investigated that Red Pine 9.2% to 10.8% MC for square and round timber, in case of Korean Pine 15.0% to 22.0% MC for square timber, 12.8% to 20.4% MC for round timber. Moisture content distribution of Red Pine was a uniform, but part of high moisture content was found in Korean Pine. In case of Korean pine, the surface checks were occurred more severe than in case of Red pine, and end-coating treatment were investigated to be ineffective on surface check. The internal checks were only formed on the two timbers. The value of the case hardenings was investigated that the ranges 3.7% to 9.1% for Red pine. In case of Korean pine, on the other hand, the case hardenings presence a few as 20.9% to 35.8%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.141-146
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• 2016

HEVC/H.265 is the latest joint video coding standard proposed by ITU-T SG 16 WP and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG 11. In H.265, pictures are divided into a sequence of coding tree units(CTUs), and the CTU further is partitioned into multiple CUs to adapt to various local characteristics. Its coding efficiency is approximately two times high compared to previous standard H.264/AVC. However according to the size of extended CU(coding unit) and transform block, the hardware size of PMR(prediction/mode decision/reconstruction) block within video encoder is about 4 times larger than previous standard. In this study, we propose a new less complex hardware architecture of PMR block which has the most high complexity within encoder without any noticeable PSNR loss. Using this simplified block, we can shrink the overall size the H.265 encoder. For FHD image, it operates at clocking frequency of 300 MHz and frame rate of 60 fps. And also for the test image, the Bjøntegaard Delta (BD) bit rate increase about average 30 % in PMR prediction block, and the total estimated gate count of PMR block is around 1.8 M.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.64-65
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• 2005

Members of the Pumilio are the RNA binding proteins acting as translational repressors and required for germ cell development and asymmetric division. We identified chicken Pum1 and Pum2 that are similar to mouse and human in highly conserved C-terminal RNA-binding domain and eight tandem repeats. The comparative sequence analysis of Pum1 and Pum2 from fly, chicken, mouse and human shows high degree of evolutionary conservation in the homology of the peptide sequence and the structure of PUM-HD (Pumilio homology domain) with similar spacing between adjacent Pum repeats. Also, structures of chicken Pum1 and Pum2 genes are almost identical to those of mouse and human. We revealed that the expression levels of Pum1 and Pum2 were the highest in hatched female gonad among various embryonic tissues, and Pum2 expressed highly in 12-day and hatched gonad by real-time RT-PCR. These results suggest that Pum1 and Pum2 might have an effect on the development of chicken gonad.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2002

This study was conducted to do the comparative analysis of mating type locus controlling the direct formation of fruiting body in Schizophyllum commune which is indigenous to North America with that of other identified mating locus. The 3120 bp Y-region nucleotide of A $\alpha$ 3 mating locus activating a developmental pathway in S. commune was determined, and appeared to have about 96% homology to S. commune 1-71 $A\alpha$3 allele indigenous to South America, showing strongly a conservative feature. This nucleotide analysis also showed above 96% homology highly in the seven presumed exons, and about 97% in the acidic rich region (AR), about 99% in homeodomain (H7), about 97% in the basic rich region (BR), about 95% in the serine rich region (Ser) respectively. In the comparative analysis to the translated polypeptide sequence, S. commune A $\alpha$ 3 mating locus containing Y-region also showed about 97% homology to the region of S. commune indigenous to North America, but the identity ratio to Y1 including Y4, Y5, Y6 different allele types was declined to about 41~49%. In the analysis of functional loci controlling mating activity, it is assumed to have a highly conservative feature showing about 98% homology in homeodomain polypeptide. Especially, it is notable that the homology ratio of above 85% in homeodomain motif between mating type alleles was higher than in the AR, BR, Ser showing about 10~50% homology.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2003

PURPOSE: To asess the ability of FDG PET for the detection of bone marrow infiltration compared to iliac crest biopsy in patients with lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients (30 females and 43 males, mean age of 47 years old) with malignant lymphoma (4 Hodgkin's disease, HD and 69 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, NHL) were included. FDG PET was performed for staging in 53 patients and to assess treatment response after the completion of chemotherapy in 20 patients. Final conclusions were based on biopsy, other imaging studies, or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: There were 54 (74%) of the 73 patients in whom FDG PET and iliac crest biopsy were concordant. Forty-seven of the 54 patients showed concordant negative results while the remaining 7 patients had concordant positive results. Of 19 patients with discordant results, FDG PET accurately detected bone marrow infiltration in 6 patients with negative iliac crest biopsy. On the contrary, iliac crest biopsy identified bone marrow infiltration in 12 or the 19 patients. In remaining one of the 19 patients with discordant results, iliac crest biopsy was true negative but FDG PET was falsely positive. CONCLUSION: FDG PET seems to be an adjunct in detecting marrow infiltration that may not be revealed by iliac crest biopsy at staging. For the assessment of treatment roponse, it may be less helpful than biopsy in detecting microscopic residual disease in the bone marrow.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.150-159
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• 2014

The latest video coding standard, HEVC can improve the coding efficiency significantly compared with the H.264/AVC. However the HEVC encoder requires much larger computational complexities. The longer 8-tap interpolation filter of the HEVC which is used in a non-integer motion estimation is one of the reasons and this paper aims to reduce the computational complexities. First of all, three shorter-tap interpolation filters for a motion estimation process are tested rather than the use of a standard interpolation filter. In addition, the fast searching strategies to reduce the number of comparisons for choosing the best non-integer motion vector are proposed. Finally, the interpolation process is selectively applied according to the searching strategy. By combining all of the techniques, the experimental results show that the encoding times can be reduced by 13.6%, 18.5% and 21.1% with the coding efficiency penalties of 0.7%, 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. For the full-HD video sequences, the coding efficiency penalties are reduced to 0.4%, 1.1% and 1.6% at the same level of the encoding time savings, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed schemes for the high resolution video sequences.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2009

This research aims at comparison of climatic conditions of sweet pepper's greenhouse between Korea (KOR) and the Netherlands (NL) to find out the reason of much lower yield in KOR than NL focus-ing on greenhouse climatic conditions. Hence, greenhouse climate data were obtained from each one commercial glasshouse in both countries. The crops (cv. 'Derby') were grown on rockwool slab with two stems per plant with 3.75plants/$m^2$ in KOR and three stems per plant with 2.5plants/$m^2$ or four stems per plant with 1.875plants/$m^2$ in NL. Even though plant density was differed but stem density was on the same to 7.5stems/$m^2$. There was no significantly difference on weekly growth of sweet pepper plant both countries, whereas harvested nodes to whole nodes of NL's plant was more than two times higher compared to KOR. The averaged daily global radiation during the whole growing periods was 14.5MJ/$m^2$/day in KOR and l2.1MJ/$m^2$/day in NL. Averaged 24h temperature was similar to both glasshouse as $21.6^{\circ}C$ in KOR and $21.2^{\circ}C$ in NL during the whole growing periods, however the variance was higher in KOR than NL. Humidity deficit (HD) was observed higher in KOR during the whole growing periods. Averaged day $CO_2$ concentration was measured contrary pattern in both countries because of heating to greenhouse on NL winter season. Averaged 24h temperature and day $CO_2$ concentration to daily global radiation was regular pattern in NL, whereas there are large scatter in KOR. Consequently, more irregular greenhouse climate condition in KOR could be induced irregularly crop growth.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 1994

Clinical study was carried out on the 64 hemodialysis patients(HD) with chronic renal failure who had been treated from December 1992 to July 1993 in Yeungnam University Hospital. The following results were obitained. In hematologic parameters, MCH was $28.8{\pm}2.0pg$, and MCV was $92.4{\pm}4.7fl$. Result revealed normochromic and normocytic anemia. Mean values of serum ferritin were $657.4{\pm}292.0ng/ml$ in men and $511.5{\pm}370g$ in women. Mean valuses of serum iron were $145.5{\pm}63.7{\mu}g/dl$. Mean values of transferrin saturation was $61.6{\pm}28.4%$. Serum frerritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation were higher in HD group than normal reference. In erythropoeitin treatment group, Hb and Hct were significantly higher than non-erythropoietin treatment group. Amount of transfusion was significantly higher in non-erythropoietin treatment group than erythropoeitin treatment group(p<0.05). Values of iron, transferrin saturation were significantly higher in abnormal liver function test(LFT) hemodialysis group than normal LFT group(p<0.05). Transfusion amounts revealed positive correlation with ferritin(r=0.4675), transferrin satruation (r=0.3823) and iron(r=0.3386)(p<0.05). In conclusion, erythropoietin treatment cna reduce requirement of blood transfusion and transfusion related side effects such as iron overload, hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 2000

Purpose : We analyzed the demogaphic data md clinical course of Korean children with chronic renal failure (CRF) observed between 1990 and 1999. Patients and Methods : Questionnaires were mailed to all children's hospitals ail through the country. We asked for primary renal disease age and serum creatinine levels at first presentation with CRF and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and modes of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Results : 401 children (254 boys, 147 girls) with CRF, defined as a permanent increase of serum creatinine above 1.2 mg/dl for at least 3 months or until death, were identified. This represents an incidence of 3.68 per million child population per year. Of these patients, 22$\%$ on younger than 5 years, 28$\%$ 5 to 10 years and 50$\%$ 10 to 15 year. Eight five $\%$ of the patients could be classified with a primary renal disease. The most frequent cause is glomerulonephritis (36$\%$), followed by chronic pyelonephritis (21$\%$), renal hrpo/dylplasia (9$\%$), and hereditary nephropathies (7$\%$). Reflux nephropathy (16$\%$) was the most common single cause of CRF. ESRD was reached in 70$\%$ of all patient. 99.3$\%$ of these started RRT. Hemodialysis (HD, 42$\%$), peritoneal dialysis (PD, 35$\%$) and transplantation (TP, 23$\%$) were performed as the initial mode of RRT. A total of 161 TPs were performed (159 first grafts, 2 second grafts). A total of 32 patients died. The main causes of death were dialysis related complication in HD patients and infections in PD patients. Survival rate on any form of RRT was 88.7$\%$ during the mean follow-up period of 37 months. Conclusion Major efforts should be directed toward earlier diagnosis and treatment of reflux nephropathy to prevent occurrence of Of. Dialysis and TP have now become well accepted forms of treatment in Korean children with ESRD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

Purpose : Cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection still remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after stem cell transplantation. In this study, we analyzed the results of antigenemia-guided preemptive therapy among children with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with CMV antigenemia, and evaluated the efficacy of the CMV antigenemia based preemptive therapy. Methods : We enrolled 213 pediatric patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), at the Catholic HSCT center between October 1998 and December 2003. Pre-emptive ganciclovir was started when more than 5 CMV Ag-positive cells were detected in matched sibling HSCT, and when any Ag-positive cells were seen in unrelated allogenic HSCT. Results : CMV antigenemia was observed in 88(41.3 percent) of 213 patients on median day 28(day 11-99). In univariated analysis, use of unrelated donors(other than siblings), age of recipient(more than 5 years at transplant) at transplantation, the presence of recipient CMV-IgG before transplantation, TBI-based conditioning regimen and the presence of acute GvHD(grade ${\geq}II$) were the risk factors for positive CMV antigenemia. In multivariate analysis, unrelated bone marrow transplantation, positive recipient CMV serology and acute GvHD(grade ${\geq}II$) were the independent risk factors for positive CMV antigenemia. Conclusion : Risk factors of CMV infection in children were CMV serostatus of the recipient, the source of stem cells, and acute graft-versus-host disease. The pre-emptive therapy based on CMV antigenemia was effective in the prevention of CMV disease.