• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2002

The water extract of Omija-tang(OMJT) has been traditionally used for treatment of ischemic heart and brain damage in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of OMJT protects cells from such damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the protective mechanisms of OMJT on $H_2O_2$-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Treatment of $H_2O_2$ markedly induced death of H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells in a dose-dependent manner. The characteristics of $H_2O_2$-induced death of H9c2 showed apparent apoptotic features, such as DNA fragmentation. However, OMJT significantly reduced both $H_2O_2$-induced cell death and chromatin fragmentation. The decrease of Bcl-XL expression by $H_2O_2$ was inhibited by OMJT. In addition, the increase of Bcl-XS and Bax expression were also inhibited by OMJT. In particular, Fas expression, which is generally recognized as cell death inducing signal by Fas/FasL interaction, was markedly increased by $H_2O_2$ in a time-dependent manner, whereas this increase was completely prevented by OMJT. The combined treatment of OMJT and $H_2O_2$ in H9c2 cells also reduced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 like protease. Taken together, this study indicates that the protective effects of the water extract of OMJT against oxidative damage may be mediated by the modulation of BcI-XL/S and Bax expression by way of the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase cascades.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1733-1739
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• 2004

The water extract of Hwangryunhaedog-tang(HRHDT} has been traditionally used for treatment of ischemic heart and brain damage in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of HRHDT rescues cells from these damages. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanisms of HRHDT on hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Hypoxia, markedly decreased the viability of H9c2 cells, which was characterized with apparent apoptptic features such as chromatin condensation as well as fragmentation of genomic DNA and nuclei. However, HRHDT significantly reduced hypoxia-induced cell death and apoptotic characteristics. Also, HRHDT prevented the mitochondrial dysfunction including the disruption of mitochondria membrane permeability transition (MPT) and an increase in expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in hypoxia-H9c2 cells. Taken together, this study suggests that the protective effects of the water extract of HRHDT against hypoxic damages may be mediated by the modulation of Bcl-2 and Bak expression.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1010-1016
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• 2007

Sagunjatang (Sagunja), containing Radix Astragali, Radix Ginseng, Fructus Schizandrae, Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Glycyrrhizae, has been used as a prescription for ischemic heart and brain diseases in Korean traditional medicine. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanisms of Sagunja on $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Treatment with $H_2O_2$ resulted in death of H9c2 cells, characterized by apparent apoptotic features, including the fragmentation of nucleus and increase in sub-GO/G1fraction of cell cycle. However, Sagunja markedly suppressed the apoptotic characteristics of H9c2 cells induced by $H_2O_2$ with decrease of intracellular peroxide level. In addition, Sagunja suppressed the features of mitochondrial dysfunction, including change of mitochondrial membrane potential, in $H_2O_2$- treated cells. Additionally, Sagunja induced the expression of HO-1 protein in both time-and dose-dependent manner. The role of HO-1 in ROS-scavenging activity of Sagunja is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

As a part of an infrastructure project on medicinal herb-based remedies, we conducted a phytohemical investigation of the 100% MeOH extract from the aerial part of Boehmeria quelpaertense; our findings resulted in the isolation of flavonoids (1-2), isoquercitrin (1) and hyperoside (2). The identification and structural elucidation of these compounds were based on $^1H$-, $^{13}C-NMR$, and LC ESI IT-TOF MS data. All the compounds isolated from this plant were reported for the first time. In this study, we examined the antioxidant activity of the 1 and 2 on the hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress in a Rat Cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2). The pretreatment of the flavonoids showed that it protects against $H_2O_2$-mediated cell death in the H9c2 cell line. Also, it decreases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by the flavonoids in the $H_2O_2$-treated H9c2 cell line. These results showed that the 1 and 2 are a source of antioxidants. As a result, they might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases, including myocardial infarction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.537-544
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• 2005

We have examined distribution and expression of caveolin-3 (cav-3), one of three caveolin isoforms from 16-wks-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with age-matched control wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats. The expression of cav-3 was increased, whereas expression of PKB/Akt and calcineurin (Cn) was not changed in cardiac tissues of SHR compared to WKY rats. Interestingly, expression of cav-3, PKB/Akt and Cn were decreased in plasma membrane fraction in SHR compared to WKY rats. In H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells treated with phenylephrine ($50{\mu}M$, 48hr) or isoproterenol ($10{\mu}M$, 48hr), the expression of cav-3 was markedly enhanced compared to nontreated cells. Upon immunofluorescence analysis, cav-3 was localized in plasma membrane of control H9c2 cells. However phenylephrine or isoproterenol treatment caused translocation of cav-3 to perinuclear region. These results suggest that cav-3 plays as positive regulators in the development of hypertrophy in cardiac tissues of SHR rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2019

Background: The root of Panax ginseng, a member of Araliaceae family, has been used as herbal medicine and functional food in Asia for thousands of years. According to Traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is the most widely used "Qi-invigorating" herbs, which provides tonic and preventive effects by resisting oxidative stress, influencing energy metabolism, and improving mitochondrial function. Very few reports have systematically measured cell mitochondrial bioenergetics after ginseng treatment. Methods: Here, H9C2 cell line, a rat cardiomyoblast, was treated with ginseng extracts having extracted using solvents of different polarity, i.e., water, 50% ethanol, and 90% ethanol, and subsequently, the oxygen consumption rate in healthy and tert-butyl hydroperoxideetreated live cultures was determined by Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Results: The 90% ethanol extracts of ginseng possessed the strongest antioxidative and tonic activities to mitochondrial respiration and therefore provided the best protective effects to H9C2 cardiomyocytes. By increasing the spare respiratory capacity of stressed H9C2 cells up to three-folds of that of healthy cells, the 90% ethanol extracts of ginseng greatly improved the tolerance of myocardial cells to oxidative damage. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the low polarity extracts of ginseng could be the best extract, as compared with others, in regulating the oxygen consumption rate of cultured cardiomyocytes during mitochondrial respiration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2013

The cytotoxicity of coffee-like green tea (CLGT) was determined in a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7; a human prostate cancer cell clone, PC-3; a human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH; and a rat cardiomyoblast cell line, H9c2, with reference to green tea leaves (GTL). The CLGT was prepared by roasting the GTL for 60 min at $240^{\circ}C$ in a temperature-controlled frying pan. The CLGT preparation imitated the flavor and taste characteristics of coffee fairly well according to sensory analysis. The CLGT preparation had no adverse cytotoxic effects on the cancer cells or the normal cells compared to GTL. No significant change in the antioxidant activity was seen in the CLGT preparation compared to that of GTL. The amount of total protein, sugar, and phenolic compounds was reduced in the preparation relative to those in GTL, a fact that might explain the coffee-like flavor and/or taste characteristics of the CLGT preparation. These results suggest that CLGT prepared by roasting GTL for 60 min at $240^{\circ}C$ does not show any adverse effects on cancer cells and normal cells compared to GTL. They imply that CLGT could be safe for human consumption.