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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.002

Ginseng extracts modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics of live cardiomyoblasts: a functional comparison of different extraction solvents  

Huang, Yun (HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute)
Kwan, Kenneth Kin Leung (Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)
Leung, Ka Wing (HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute)
Yao, Ping (Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)
Wang, Huaiyou (HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute)
Dong, Tina Tingxia (HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute)
Tsim, Karl Wah Keung (HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.43, no.4, 2019 , pp. 517-526 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: The root of Panax ginseng, a member of Araliaceae family, has been used as herbal medicine and functional food in Asia for thousands of years. According to Traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is the most widely used "Qi-invigorating" herbs, which provides tonic and preventive effects by resisting oxidative stress, influencing energy metabolism, and improving mitochondrial function. Very few reports have systematically measured cell mitochondrial bioenergetics after ginseng treatment. Methods: Here, H9C2 cell line, a rat cardiomyoblast, was treated with ginseng extracts having extracted using solvents of different polarity, i.e., water, 50% ethanol, and 90% ethanol, and subsequently, the oxygen consumption rate in healthy and tert-butyl hydroperoxideetreated live cultures was determined by Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Results: The 90% ethanol extracts of ginseng possessed the strongest antioxidative and tonic activities to mitochondrial respiration and therefore provided the best protective effects to H9C2 cardiomyocytes. By increasing the spare respiratory capacity of stressed H9C2 cells up to three-folds of that of healthy cells, the 90% ethanol extracts of ginseng greatly improved the tolerance of myocardial cells to oxidative damage. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the low polarity extracts of ginseng could be the best extract, as compared with others, in regulating the oxygen consumption rate of cultured cardiomyocytes during mitochondrial respiration.
Keywords
Cell protection; Extracellular flux analyzer; Ginseng Radix; Live cell; Reactive oxygen species;
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