• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

Hot water extracts from 16 domestic edible mushrooms including Pleurotus ferulae (Lanzi) X.L. Mao, Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow, which are commercially available, were used for determining the cosmetic potential of these mushrooms. In this study, we carried out in vitro functional experiments to determine the inhibitory effects of these extracts on L-DOPA oxidation of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. Based on the results of these experiments, H. marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow No. 10 and No. 15 were selected for further analysis. We analyzed the melanin synthesis inhibitory activity, TRP1 and MITF expression via real-time PCR, and Fontana Masson staining in artificial skin $Neoderm^{(R)}-ME$. Taken together, we observed that the hot water extract from H. marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow (No. 15) had better whitening effect than the extracts of other mushrooms. Thus, it can be a potential source of skin-whitening agent.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2014

This research was carried out to analyze the genetic variation of 18 wild strain, 2 breed varieties and 20 mutants of Hypsizygus marmoreus by random amplification of polymorphic DNA(RAPD). Also, 3 strains of Lyophyllum decartes and 1 strain of Lyophyllum shimeji were used. These mushrooms were collected from korea, china, Taiwan and Japan. Spores of H. marmoreus JV-2 strain were irradiated by gamma ray for mutagenesis. 40 kind of primers were used for this reaserch. Number of reaction primer were 31. Electrophorectic patterns of RAPD showed genetic variation. In phylogenetic tree, they were divided into seven group. Discriminative differences were observed between wild strain and mutants in H. marmoreus. These results might suggest that these primers and gamma ray irradiation of spores were useful tools for developing new strain for mushroom.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.589-598
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• 2021

White strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus are more difficult to cultivate than are brown strains; therefore, new white strain breeding strategies are required. Accordingly, we constructed the genetic map of H. marmoreus with 1996 SNP markers on 11 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1380.49 cM. Prior to analysis, 82 backcrossed strains (HM8 lines) were generated by mating between KMCC03106-31 and the progenies of the F1 hybrid (Hami-18 × KMCC03106-93). Using HM8, the first 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of yield-related traits were detected with high limit of detection (LOD) scores (1.98-9.86). The length, thickness, and hardness of the stipe were colocated on LG 1. Especially, length of stipe and thickness of stipe were highly correlated given that the correlation coefficients were negative (-0.39, p value ≤ .01). And a typical biomodal distribution was observed for lightness of the pileus and the lightness of the pileus trait belonged to the LG 8, as did traits of earliness and mycelial growth in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Therefore, results for color traits can be suggested that color is controlled by a multi-gene of one locus. The yield trait was highly negatively correlated with the traits for thickness of the stipe (-0.45, p value ≤ .01). Based on additive effects, the white strain was confirmed as recessive; however, traits of mycelial growth, lightness, and quality were inherited by backcrossed HM8 lines. This new genetic map, finely mapped QTLs, and the strong selection markers could be used in molecular breeding of H. marmoreus.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.205-223
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• 2023

Fresh mushrooms are vulnerable to browning and tissue changes after harvest. This study monitored the external appearance, physicochemical quality indicators, and nutritional and functional components of a white beech mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) variety (EG2020) newly developed in Korea during cold storage for up to 42 days. Two existing varieties of white H. marmoreus, namely H6 from Korea and HKT from Japan, were used for comparison. The mechanical texture of EG2020 was superior to H6 and HKT due to the increasing hardness of the pileus with time. Browning, in terms of the total color difference during storage, was found to be the most severe in HKT. In terms of composition, EG2020 had the highest total free sugar content, a large amount of organic acids, and higher sugar content than H6 and HKT. EG2020 also contained the largest amount of 𝛽-glucan, and its amount increased during storage. In sensory evaluation, EG2020 received higher scores than HKT in flavor, taste, appearance, and texture. Therefore, the EG2020 variety is more stable than HKT during storage and distribution.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate a suitable substrate formulation for bag cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus. To determine the optimum media composition for H. marmoreus, chemical properties of various media and culture properties were investigated. The fastest primordia formation (9.0 days), the shortest fruiting body harvest period (18.0 days), and the highest yield (144.7 g/bag) were realized with the T6 formulation (55:15:20:5:5 mixing ratio of poplar sawdust, wheat bran, rice bran, dried soybean powder, and palm kernel, respectively). The chemical properties of the T6 formulation were pH, 6.0; total carbon, 19.0%; total nitrogen, 0.83%; C/N ratio, 22.8; P₂O₅, 0.61%; K₂O, 0.46%; and MgO, 0.29%. This is the first attempt using plastic bags for cultivation and will help expand the production of H. marmoreus.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2017

Hypsizygus marmoreus is a mushroom with abundant flavor and medicinal properties. However, its application is limited by problems such as long cultivation period, low biological efficiency, and microbiological contamination; therefore, there is a substantial need for development of new cultivars of this species. In this study, 55 strains of H. marmoreus were subjected to inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis to identify markers for the selection of mother strains for breeding from the collected germplasm. ISSR 13 and 15 were confirmed as polymorphic markers. The three strains (KMCC03106, KMCC03107, and KMCC03108) with white cap color were found to be genetically closely related upon UPGMA analysis of both ISSR 13 and 15. Based on the PCR analysis results for ISSR 15, the collected germplasm were differentiated into three groups according to the strain collection year. Thus, ISSR 15 could be a marker for determining the phylogeny of cap color and genetic variations according to the strain collection year. These results suggest that ISSR markers can be effective tools for the selection of mother strains for breeding of H. marmoreus.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

Mycelial viability and cultivation characteristics of strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus after long-term storage were investigated. The experimental conditions were the storage at $4^{\circ}C$ using a slant culture technique with or without mineral oil, and in liquid nitrogen tank in the presence of 10% glycerol or 10% glycerol with 5% trehalose. The myceila of four strains of H. marmoreus were thawed at 9, 21, 33, and 45 months after beginning of the storage, and then the growth of the mycelia was measured on a PDA plate with serial transfers to new plate for the recovery. The mycelial growth data after 45 months showed that the mycelia were mostly viable but not fully active particularly when they were stored in liquid nitrogen with 10% glycerol. The growth activity could be fully recovered after second transfer to new PDA plate. Cultivation of mushroom fruiting body using the recovered mycelia also demonstrated that the storage methods employed in this work were applicable for the long-term storage of H. marmoreus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1174-1179
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• 2014

This research was carried out to evaluate whether gamma ray is a useful tool for breeding new strains of mushrooms. For this research, 5 mutant groups, 20 strains of Hypsizigus marmoreus, 2 strains of Lyophyllum decastes, and 1 strain of Lyophyllum shimeji were used. Monokaryon spores from one variety of H. marmoreus were irradiated with 50~2,000 Gy of gamma ray. The propriety dose was 50~200 Gy for mutagenesis. Mutant monokaryon mycelia crossed each order to become dikaryon mycelia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were amplified using PCR, and the products were sequenced. The sequences of the ITS regions (16 partial rDNA, complete ITS1, 5.8 rDNA and partial rDNA) were analyzed by PCR, and strains of H. marmoreus, L. decastes, and L. shimeji were auto-sequenced. The lengths of the sequenced ITSs were 1,052~1,143 nucleotides. Genetic matrices were calculated using Nei-Li's genetic distance coefficient based on ITS sequence. The dissimilarities were 0~3.35% in strains of H. Hypsizigus. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on ITS sequences using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The phylogenetic tree revealed that 23 strains and 5 mutant groups were divided into 12 clusters; the mutant groups fell into different clusters. These results show that mushroom spores were mutated effectively by gamma ray; therefore, gamma ray could be a useful tool for breeding new strains of mushrooms.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2013

This study was conducted to identify a suitable color of light for development of the fruit body in Hypsizygus marmoreus. To accomplish this, samples were irradiated with blue (475 nm), green (525 nm), yellow (590 nm), or red (660 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs) to induce the formation of fruiting bodies after mycelia growth. The diameter and thickness of the pileus and length of stipes in samples subjected to blue LED treatment were similar to those of subjected to fluorescent light (control), and the lengths of the stipes were highest in response to treatment with the red LED and darkness. The commercial yields of plants subjected to blue and green LED treatment were similar to those of the control. In conclusion, cultivation of H. marmoreus coupled with exposure to blue LED is useful for inducing high quality fruit bodies as well as higher levels of ergosterol, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol content and reducing power.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2010

We have attempted to verify 30 strains of Hypsizigus marmoreus from various mushroom stocks in Korea using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) methodology. Chromosomal DNAs of them were extracted and subjected to PCR analyses with 3 random primers. Each PCR produced approximately 30 distinct PCR bands with the size from 200 bp to 3000 bp. A dendrogram was acquired using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering methodology on the basis of the DNA band pattern. The analysis revealed that 30 strains of H. marmoreus were clustered into two distinct clusters. Cluster 1 contained 3 subgroups while the cluster 2 consisted of rather diverse strains. Interestingly, Hm3-10, a wild strain collected from Deog-Yu mountain, was not included in either clusters, indicative of uniqueness of this strain. We nextly attempted to develop strain-specific DNA markers to verify a specific strain. A unique band in the RAPD gel lane of Hm0-4 was extracted and its sequence was determined. PCR with a primer set from the determined sequence revealed that the primer set gave a 250 bp DNA band only for Hm0-4, indicating that this approach works well for the strain-specific identification of H. marmoreus.