• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2004

We investigated the induction of resistance to Haemaphysalis longicornis infestation in rabbits that had been immunized with recombinant H. longicornis P27/30 protein. The success of immunological control methods is dependent upon the use of potential key antigens as tick vaccine candidates. Previously, we cloned a gene encoding 27 kDa and 30 kDa proteins (P27/30) of H. longicornis, and identified P27/30 as a troponin I-like protein. In this study, rabbits that were immunized with recombinant P27/30 expressed in Escherichia coli showed the statistically significant longer feeding duration for larval and adult ticks (P<0.05), low engorgement rates in larval ticks (64.4%), and an apparent reduction in egg weights, which suggest that H. longicornis P27/30 protein is a potential candidate antigen for a tick vaccine. These results demonstrated that the recombinant P27/30 protein might be a useful vaccine candidate antigen for biological control of H. longicornis.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-166
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• 1987

BCG 감염마우스의 비장으로부터 BCG 항원에 대한 수용체를 가진 세포를 BCG 항원으로 감작시킨 면양 적혈구(SRBC)를 이용한 rosette 방법으로 분리하였다. SRBC에 흡착되는 적정 BCG 항원 농도를 알아보기 위하여 tannic acid(1:20,000)으로 전처리한 SRBC에 여러 농도의 BCG 항원으로 작용시킨 결과 $50\;{\mu}g/ml$의 BCG 항원으로 반응시킨 경우 가장 높은 rosette 형성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 비장세포와 항원처리 SRBC와의 작용시간에 따른 rosette 형성율은 1시간 후에 최고에 달하였고 시간의 경과한다 하여 증가하지 않았다. BCG 감염후 1주에서 8주까지 비장에서의 rosette 형성세포를 관찰한 결과 감염 $3{\sim}4$주 후부터 가장 높은 rosette 형성율을 보였으며 이때 rosette 형성세포는 전 비장세포중 $5{\sim}7%$를 차지하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.534-540
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• 1999

Thirty-seven strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from Korean soil and examined for H-antigen serotyping, toxicity, and different spectra of biological activities. The isolate HL-175 bore a specific H-antigen, different from the 51 known serotypes, a spherical $\delta$-endotoxin crystal, and minor different biochemical characteristics. It was resistant to ampicillin, colistin, and penicillin G. Therefore, it was classified as a new serotype, H52, with the name kim. The other 36 isolates also produced endotoxin crystals and endospores. The crystal shape of eight strains was cuboidal while the others were bipyramidal. Biochemical characteristics of the isolates were only slightly different from the known serotypes of B. thuringiensis. The flagellar (H) antigens of the 36 isolates were identified as: one colmeri (H21), three galleriae (H5a,5b); two pakistani (H13); one toumanoffi (H11a, 11b); and twenty-nine kurstaki (H3a,3b). All 36 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, colistin, penicillin, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2012

CD40-CD40L-mediated help from CD4 T cells is essential to induce primary CD8 T cell responses specific to the non-inflammatory cell-based antigen H60. In this study, using H60 as a model antigen, we generated recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) expressing the H60 CD8 epitope and investigated whether CD4 help was required to activate the CD8 T cell response specific to the virally expressed H60. The immune response after infection with rVVs expressing H60 was similar to that after immunization with H60 congenic splenocytes, with a peak frequency of H60-specific CD8 T cells detected in the blood on day 10 post-infection. A CD8 T cell response specific for virally derived H60 was not induced in CD4-depleted mice, but was in CD40-deficient mice. These results provide insights into the characterization of the CD8 T cell response specifically for antigens originating from cellular sources compared to viral sources.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2004

Background: Disialoganglioside GD2 is a tumor-associated antigen that is overexpressed on tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin, such as melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma and neuroblastoma. Immunity against GD2 has anti-tumor activities, but GD2 is poorly immunogenic. Anti-idiotypic antibodies that mimic GD2 may induce more effective immune responses than GD2 antigen itself, because they are protein antigens and are known to be able to break immune tolerance. In our previous study, we produced anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking GD2 (3A4 and 3H9), which induced humoral immunity. However, cellular immunity is essential to eradicate tumor cells in vivo as well as humoral immunity. In the present study, we investigated whether these anti-idiotypic antibodies 3A4 and 3H9 could induce cellular immunes responses. Methods: BALB/C mice were immunized with anti-idiotypic antibody 3A4 or 3H9, or normal mouse IgG as a negative control. Lymphoproliferative responses, cytokine production responses, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions were measured in mice immunized with the anti-idiotypic antibodies. Results: Both the anti-idiotypic antibody 3A4 and 3H9 induced GD2-specific lymphoproliferative responses and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of lymph node lymphocytes in BALB/C mice. Only anti-idiotypic antibody 3H9 induced significant GD2-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity in the mice. Conclusion: These results show that anti-idiotypic antibodies 3A4 and 3H9 have the potentiality of inducing GD2-specific cellular immune responses that cannot be induced by the native antigen GD2 itself.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2003

Various factors, such as the adsorption pH, adjuvant dose, and adjuvant age, which affect the adsorption degree and immunogenicity of an antigen, were investigated. In addition, the effect of pH, antigen content, and adjuvant content on immunogenicity was also studied through animal experiments. Within the ranges studied, a low pH for adsorption, freshly preformed gel, and low pH formulation for the combined DTwP-HepB vaccine were preferrable for the adsorption of the antigens. In addition, a higher DT content was found to have a positive effect on the HBsAg immunogenicity in the combined vaccine. Accordingly, considering the factors affecting the adsorption rate and immunogenicity of the antigens, a novel DTwP-HepB vaccine (40 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxoid, 15 Lf/ml of tetanus toxoid, 20 OU/ml of detoxified whole cell pertussis, $24\;\mu\textrm{g}$ of HBsAg, $24\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of \;Al(OH)_3\;gel,\;776\;\mu\textrm{g}\; Al/ml\;of\;AIPO_4\;gel$, and pH 7.1) was developed, whose immunogenicity was comparable to the case of administrating, separately and simultaneously, a combined DTwP vaccine (40 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxoid, 15 Lf/ml of tetanus toxoid, 20 OU/ml of detoxified whole cell pertussis, $300\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of\; AIPO_4\;gel$, and pH 7.1) and mono HepB vaccine [$Hepavax^{\circledR},\;24\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of HBsAg and $500\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of\;Al(OH)_3\;gel$], which satisfies the potency criteria of the K-FDA for a combined DTwP vaccine and mono HepB vaccine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2006

Mizoribine (MZR) has been shown to possess immunosuppressive activity that selectively inhibits the proliferation of lymphocytes by interfering with inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. The efficacy of MZR is not only in patients who have had renal transplantation, but also in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus nephritis, and primary nephritic syndrome. Because the exact mechanism of its immunosuppressive action is not clear, the object of this study was to examine the ability of MZR to regulate the antigen presenting cells (APCs), dendritic cells (DCs). In this work, we tested whether MZR ($1{\sim}10\;{\mu}g/mL$) could inhibit the cross-presentation of DCs. DC2.4 cells ($H-2K^{b}$) or bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) generated from BM cells of C57BL/6 mouse ($H-2K^{b}$) were cultured in the presence of MZR with OVA-microspheres, and the amount of OVA peptide-class I MHC complexes was measured by a T cell hybridoma, B3Z, that recognizes OVA (257-264 : SIINFEKL)-$H-2K^{b}$ complex and expresses-galactosidase. MZR profoundly inhibited the expression of SIINFEKL-$H-2K^{b}$ complexes. This inhibitory activity of MZR appeared to affect the phagocytic activity of DCs. MZR also decreased IL-2 production when we examined the effects of MZR on $CD4^{+}$ T cells. These results provide an understanding of the mechanism of immunosuppressive activity of MZR on the inhibition of MHC-restricted antigen presentation and phagocytic activity in relation to their actions on APCs.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2013

Co-signaling molecules are surface glycoproteins that positively or negatively regulate the T cell response to antigen. Co-signaling ligands and receptors crosstalk between the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, and modulate the ultimate magnitude and quality of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. In the past 10 years, the field of co-signaling research has been advanced by the understanding of underlying mechanisms of the immune modulation led by newly identified co-signaling molecules and the successful preclinical and clinical trials targeting co-inhibitory molecules called immune checkpoints in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of well-known B7 co-signaling family members regarding the expression, functions and therapeutic implications and to introduce newly identified B7 members such as B7-H5, B7-H6, and B7-H7.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.958-963
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• 2006

The effect of ginsenosides (GS) on germ cell proliferation was evaluated with a chicken ovarian germ-somatic cell coculture model and the mechanism involving protein kinase C (PKC) pathway was investigated. Ovarian cells were cultured in serum-free McCoy's 5A medium and challenged with GS alone or in combinations with PKC activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA) or inhibitor ($H_7$) for 48 h. The number of germ cells was counted and the proliferating cells were identified by immunocytochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results showed that GS significantly increased germ cell proliferation and this stimulating effect was further increased by PMA, but inhibited by H7, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, GS-elevated PCNA expression and the PCNA -labeling index of germ cells displayed similar changes with the increased numbers of germ cells. These results indicated that GS stimulated proliferation of ovarian germ cells with involvement of the PKC-mediated system.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2016

Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly during childhood and causes various diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and iron deficiency anemia. Although H. pylori infection in children differs from adults in many ways, this is often overlooked in clinical practice. Unlike adults, nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. Histopathological findings of gastric tissues are also different in children due to predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the formation of gastric MALT. Although endoscopy is recommended for the initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection, several non-invasive diagnostic tests such as the urea breath test (UBT) and the H. pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) are available and well validated even in children. According to recent data, both the $^{13}C$-UBT and HpSA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are reliable non-invasive tests to determine H. pylori status after eradication therapy, although children younger than 6 years are known to have high false positives. When invasive or noninvasive tests are applied to children to detect H. pylori infection, it should be noted that there are differences between children and adults in diagnosing H. pylori infection.