• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

Waste oyster shell was used to study the applicability on anaerobic composting of garbage. Experiment was conducted with five anaerobic reactors. After garbage and compost for inoculation were mixed, waste oyster shell was added into mixed waste in mesophillic temperature for 60 days with 30%, 60% respectively. The amount of produced methane gas, gas composition, organic removal efficiency and pH were measured. Result showed that the amounts of produced gas were 0.62 l /g-VS in R-1, 0.63 l /g-VS in R-2, 0.16 l /g-VS in R-3, 0.75 l /g-VS in R-4, 0.21 l /g-VS in R-5 and the amounts of produced methane gas were 0.32 l /g-VS in R-1, 0.37 l /g-VS in R-2, 0.04 l /g-VS in R-3, 0.42 l /g-VS in R-4, 0.05 l /g-VS in R-5. Proportion of mathane gas which determines the efficiency of anaerobic composting was over 55%. pH were 6.0~8.0 in R-2 and R-4 which contained 30% of waste oyster shell and pH were increased over 8.5 in R-3 and R-5 which contained 60% of waste oyster shell. Since pH were so high and it had a negative effect on microbial growth, anaerobic reaction were not well operated in R-3 and R-5.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2010

A novel stereo 3D LCD for passive interference filter glasses is presented. A demonstrator based on a standard 120Hz LCD was set up. Stereoscopic image separation was realized in a time-sequential mode using a LED-based scanning backlight with two complementary spectra. A stereo brightness of 3 cd/$m^2$ and a channel separation of 30:1 were achieved.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.247-249
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• 2008

Low Temperature a-Si:H TFT on stainless steel substrate has been developed for the flexible electrophoretic display. Stability of low temperature a-Si:H TFT is more important point than its initial device characteristics. Thus, we have studied device characteristics of low temperature a-Si:H TFT in terms of stability for driving electrophoretic display.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.349-363
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• 2019

Let ${\mathbb{H}}^5$ be the 5-dimensional Heisenberg group equipped with a left-invariant metric. In this paper we calculate the volumes of geodesic balls in ${\mathbb{H}}^5$. Let $B_e(R)$ be the geodesic ball with center e (the identity of ${\mathbb{H}}^5$) and radius R in ${\mathbb{H}}^5$. Then, the volume of $B_e(R)$ is given by $${\hfill{12}}Vol(B_e(R))\\{={\frac{4{\pi}^2}{6!}}{\left(p_1(R)+p_4(R){\sin}\;R+p_5(R){\cos}\;R+p_6(R){\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_0}^R}{\frac{{\sin}\;t}{t}}dt\right.}\\{\left.{\hfill{65}}{+q_4(R){\sin}(2R)+q_5(R){\cos}(2R)+q_6(R){\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_0}^{2R}}{\frac{{\sin}\;t}{t}}dt}\right)}$$ where $p_n$ and $q_n$ are polynomials with degree n.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1999

The correlation was investigated between the observed heat of ligation and calculated quantum chemical quantities for octahedral $[M(H_2O)_{6-x}(NH_3)_x]^{2+} (M=Fe(II),\;Ni(II))$ complexes by EHMO(Extended Huckel Molecular Orbital) and ZINDO/1(Zerner's Intermediate Neglected of Differential Overlap)method. The net charge of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ ion of octahedral $[M(H_2O)_{6-x}(NH_3)_x]^{2+}(M=Fe(II),\;Ni(II))$ complexes(x=O, 1, …, 6) decreased with substituting $NH_3$ for $H_2O$ molecules. It has found that a good correlation exists between the observed heat of ligation and the calculated quantum chemical quantities such as net charge of central atom, enthalpy of formation, and total dissociation energy. From this finding, we have obtained the following semiempirical linear equation ${\Delta}H_{obs}=-0.2858_{qFe}+0.8813(r=0.97),\;{\Delta}H_{obs}=-0.8981_{qNi}+1.7929(r=0.95),\;{\Delta}H_{obs}=-0.0031H_{f(Fe)}+0.5725(r=0.97),\;{\Delta}H_{obs}=-0.0095H_{f(Ni)}+0.9193(r=0.97),\;{\Delta}H_{obs}=0.0476E_{diss(Fe)}+0.6434(r=0.94),\;{\Delta}H_{obs}=0.1401E_{diss(Ni)}+1.1393(r=0.93)$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.167-177
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• 2020

Let I be an ideal of Noetherian local ring (R, m) and M an artinian R-module. In this paper, we study colocalization of local homology modules. In fact we give Colocal-global Principle for the artinianness and minimaxness of local homology modules, which is a dual case of Local-global Principle for the finiteness of local cohomology modules. We define the representation dimension r^I (M) of M and the artinianness dimension a^I (M) of M relative to I by r^I (M) = inf{i ∈ ℕ₀ : H^I_i (M) is not representable}, and a^I (M) = inf{i ∈ ℕ₀ : H^I_i (M) is not artinian} and we will prove that i) a^I (M) = r^I (M) = inf{r^IR_𝖕 (_𝖕M) : 𝖕 ∈ Spec(R)} ≥ inf{a^IR_𝖕 (_𝖕M) : 𝖕 ∈ Spec(R)}, ii) inf{i ∈ ℕ₀ : H^I_i (M) is not minimax} = inf{r^IR_𝖕 (_𝖕M) : 𝖕 ∈ Spec(R) ∖ {𝔪}}. Also, we define the upper representation dimension R^I (M) of M relative to I by R^I (M) = sup{i ∈ ℕ₀ : H^I_i (M) is not representable}, and we will show that i) sup{i ∈ ℕ₀ : H^I_i (M) ≠ 0} = sup{i ∈ ℕ₀ : H^I_i (M) is not artinian} = sup{R^IR_𝖕 (_𝖕M) : 𝖕 ∈ Spec(R)}, ii) sup{i ∈ ℕ₀ : H^I_i (M) is not finitely generated} = sup{i ∈ ℕ₀ : H^I_i (M) is not minimax} = sup{R^IR_𝖕 (_𝖕M) : 𝖕 ∈ Spec(R) ∖ {𝔪}}.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

Background: The expression of miRNAs in response to Helicobacter pylori infection has not been well explored. The aims of this study were to evaluate the H. pylori associated miRNAs in the gastric epithelial cells. Methods: We investigated gastric epithelial cell-line (HS3C) exposed H. pylori over 3 months and AGS cell-line (AGS) exposed H. pylori for 6 hour. After the extraction of miRNA from these cell-lines, microarray and real time PCR were performed to confirm the alteration of expression. Results: All 12 miRNAs chosen for real-time PCR are based on the result of microarray and their potential functions related to H. pylori infection. miR-21, miR-221, miR-222 were upregulated in the H. pylori infected AGS cell for 6 hours and HS3C cells. miR-99b, miR-200b, miR-203b and miR-373 were downregulated in the H. pylori infected AGS cell for 6 hours and HS3C cells. miR-23a, miR-23b, miR-125b, miR-141 and miR-155 were upregulated in HS3C cell line but not in H. pylori infected AGS cell for 6 hours. Conclusion: miR-21, miR-99b, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-203b, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-373 are supposed to be related with oncogenesis of H. pylori infection. Further studies are needed for the evaluation of the function of these confirmed miRNAs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 2011

The aim was to determine the relationship between muscle structure and meat quality traits in neuromuscular compartments (NMCs: R1, R2, R3, R4) of pig semitendinosus muscle. Barrows from the INTA-MGC genetic line (Argentina) were slaughtered at 100 kg body weight. In each NMC the following parameters were determined: the fibre types I, IIA, IIX and IIB by immunohistochemistry, the fibre cross sectional area (FCSA), the pH of meat after 24 h post-mortem ($pH_{24}$), instrumental meat tenderness (WB) and colour ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$). There were significant differences in the following: $L^*$ (R1 = R4$a^*$ (R1>R4>R2 = R3), $b^*$ (R1 = R4R1 = R3 = R4), $pH_{24}$ (R1 = R4>R2 = R3). The relative percentages of FCSA were as follows: I (R4>R1>R3>R2), IIA (R1>R4>R3>R2), IIX (R1 = R2 = R3 = R4) and IIB (R2>R3>R1>R4). The correlation values were statistically significant between IIB and WB (R1 and R4, $r_s$ = 0.66), (R2 and R3 $r_s$ = 0.74), IIB and $L^*$ (R1 and R4 $r_s$ = 0.84), IIX and $L^*$ without discriminating NMCs. Our data suggest that the NMC where the sampling takes place is important for determining meat quality traits because of the heterogeneity of the whole muscle.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2016

The characteristics of the rock cleavage inherent in Jurassic granite from Geochang were analysed. The phases of distribution of microcrack spacings were derived from the enlarged photomicrographs(${\times}6.7$) of the thin section. The evaluation for the six directions of rock cleavages was performed using nine parameters such as (1) frequency of microcrack spacing(N), (2) frequency ratio(${\leq}1mm$ and 4 mm >) to total spacing frequency(N:191), (3) spacing ratio(${\leq}1mm$) to total spacing(118.49 mm), (4) mean spacing($S_{mean}$), (5) difference value($S_{mean}-S_{median}$) between mean spacing and median spacing($S_{median}$), (6) density of spacing, (7) median spacing, (8) reduction ratio of spacing frequency to length frequency and (9) magnitude of exponent(${\lambda}$ and b) related to the distribution type of diagram. Especially the close dependence between the above spacing parameters and the parameters from the spacing-cumulative frequency diagrams was derived. The results of correlation analysis between the values of parameters for three rock cleavages and those for three planes are as follows. The values of (I) parameters(1, 2 and 3), (II) parameters(4, 5 and 6), (III) parameter(7), (IV) parameter(8) and (V) parameter(9) show the various orders of H(hardway, H1+H2) < G(grain, G1+G2) < R(rift, R1+R2), R < G < H, R < H < G, G < H < R and H < G < R, respectively. On the contrary, the values of the above four groups(I~IV) of parameters for three planes show reverse orders. This type of correlation analysis is useful for discriminating three quarrying planes. Six spacing-cumulative frequency diagrams were arranged in increasing order on the value of main parameter($S_{mean}-S_{median}$). These diagrams show an order of R2 < R1 < G2 < G1 < H2 < H1 from the related chart. In other words, the above six diagrams can be summarized in order of rift(R1+R2) < grain(G1+G2) < hardway(H1+H2). These results indicate a relative magnitude of rock cleavage related to microcrack spacing. Especially, the above main parameter could provide advanced information for prediction the order of arrangement among the diagrams.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1995

(20S)- and (20R)-protopanaxadiol were prepared from crude ginseng saponin by chemical treatment. The $^{1}H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR signals of these compounds were fully assigned by various NMR techniques such as DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY.