• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.153-162
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• 2018

The technology of mobile healthcare is steadily growing, but acceptance of consumers is sluggish. Various studies related to mobile healthcare have been conducted, but studies on the characteristics of prisoners are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of diffusion factors of mobile health care on the intention to use, and examined the moderating effect of innovation propensity. The results show that the relative advantage, compatibility, observability, and usefulness of mobile health care affect the intention to use. In addition, the innovation propensity has a moderating effect on the influence of complexity, trialability, and usafulness on intention to use. This study suggests that the use of the concept of innovation propensity has been confirmed as a major control variable in the relationship between innovation diffusion factors and utilization intention. In addition, it suggests that consumers' innovation tendency is a factor to be taken into consideration for suppliers of mobile healthcare.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-53
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• 2010

As mobile communications service is growing every single year in Korea, it has pulled the interest of many researchers as wells as the executives. This research is aimed to find out factors of the mobile market that affect the utilization of mobile communication. We adopted a survey method with a pinpointed focus on how users' profile and individual experience relates with the utilization of mobile communication. For this objective, first, we primarily analyzed the mobile users' characteristics and service usage patterns. Then, we developed a conceptual model and hypotheses that are empirically examined using a covariance structure analysis, which will contribute to investigating critical success factors in mobile business. Some suggestions constitute the remaining part of this research. First, user characteristic is an important factor that affects the amount expended for mobile service. Second, user experience is another critical aspect that is highly linked with mobile payment. In alignment with our research, we propose user characteristics such as age and income, and user experience about mobile internet usage and mobile contents usage are of great significance in devising both near- and long-term mobile business strategy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.540-552
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze forest healing from a Buddhist perspective and improve its effect, and the forest has a close relationship with Buddhism than any religion. the Buddha's life is connected to forest and tree, which is caused by the spiritual nature and role of forest. Healing deals with the problem of suffering of the mind, and in Buddhism, it is solved through practice. By understanding the phenomenon of delusions such as thoughts, greed, and bad feelings about sensory control, vhfptmxmhelps to escape from the desire to pursue unnecessary stimuli or external objects, Human beings can get comfort and pleasure through the five senses in the beautiful natural scenery, and find the stability of the mind. This is because when entering the forest, good environments that prevent the 6th consciousness from growing delusions way the operation of the five senses are contained in the forest, This study is a preliminary study that analyzed the effects based on the natural environmental healing factor and Buddhist theory of forests based on previous studies, As a result of examining whether Buddhism can maximize the healing effect of forest healing, it was confirmed that it can contribute to activation along with existing forest healing techniques, The verification of the effectiveness will be left as a follow-up research project through future experimental research, and this study is expected to contribute to the activation of forest healing effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.376-387
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• 2018

Among a variety of environmental stresses heat, cold, chilling, high salt, drought, and so on exposed to plants, drought stress has been reported as a crucial factor to adversely affect the growth and productivity of plants. Therefore, to understand the mechanism for the drought stress signal transduction pathway in plants is more helpful to develop useful crops that display the enhanced tolerance against drought stress, and to expand crop growing areas. The signal transduction pathway for the drought stress in plants is largely categorized into two types; ABA-dependent pathway and ABA-independent pathway. It has been reported that two transcription factors, AREB/ABF and DREB2, play predominant roles in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, respectively. In addition to transcriptional regulation mediated by AREB/ABF and DREB2 transcription factors, post-translational modification (such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination) and epigenetic control are importantly involved in the signal transduction for drought stress. In this paper, we review current understanding of signal transduction pathway on drought stress in plants, especially focusing on the biological roles of a variety of signaling components related to drought stress response. Further understanding the mechanism of drought resistance in plants through this review will be useful to establish theoretical basis for developing drought tolerant crops in the future.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

Objective: Infection is very common in the elderly, so there is a high prevalence of antibiotics use among this population. Especially, due to the emergence of resistant bacteria, the use of vancomycin is growing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in elderly patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were patients over 18 years old who received intravenous vancomycin in a general hospital located in Gangneung-si, Korea between August 1, 2013 and July 31, 2015. Data collection regarding vancomycin use and baseline characteristics was conducted using computerized hospital database. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Results: A total of 290 patients were finally included, and 191(66%) out of these patients were age 65 or older. The incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity was 11.0%, 12.6%, and 7.0% in the all adult patients, the elderly patients, and the non-elderly patients, respectively. There were significant differences in comorbidities between patients with nephrotoxicity and patients without nephrotoxicity in the all adult patients, and there were significant differences in vancomycin duration, comorbidities, and number of nephrotoxic agents between patients with nephrotoxicity and patients without nephrotoxicity in the elderly patients. However, according to the logistic regression analysis, there was no significant risk factor that increases the incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in all three age groups. Conclusion: There were no differences in risk factors that increase the incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity between all adult patients, elderly patients, and non-elderly patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes to identify risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the elderly to improve the outcome of pharmacotherapy are required.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.58-64
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• 2017

Modern society is characterized by rapid increase in world population, aging of the rural population, decrease of cultivation area due to industrialization. The food problem is becoming an important issue with the farmers and becomes rural. Recently, the researches about the field of the smart farm are actively carried out to increase the profit of the rural area. The existing smart farm researches mainly monitor the cultivation environment of the crops in the greenhouse, another way like in the case of poor quality t is being studied that the system to control cultivation environmental factors is automatically activated to keep the cultivation environment of crops in optimum conditions. The researches focus on the crops cultivated indoors, and there are not many studies applied to the cultivation environment of crops grown outside. In this paper, we propose a method to improve the harvestability of poor areas by monitoring the areas with bad harvests by using big data analysis, by precisely predicting the harvest timing of fruit trees growing in orchards. Factors besides for harvesting include fruit color information and fruit weight information We suggest that a harvest correlation factor data collected in real time. It is analyzed using the Apache Spark engine. The Apache Spark engine has excellent performance in real-time data analysis as well as high capacity batch data analysis. User device receiving service supports PC user and smartphone users. A sensing data receiving device purpose Arduino, because it requires only simple processing to receive a sensed data and transmit it to the server. It regulates a harvest time of fruit which produces a good quality fruit, it is needful to determine a poor harvest area or concentrate a bad area. In this paper, we also present an architectural model to determine the bad areas of fruit harvest using strong data analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2015

Recently, the growing interest in organic microelectronic devices including OLEDs has led to an increasing amount of research into their many potential applications in the area of flexible electronic devices based on plastic substrates. However, these organic devices require a gas barrier coating to prevent the permeation of water and oxygen because organic materials are highly susceptible to water and oxygen. In particular, high efficiency OLEDs require an extremely low water vapor transition rate (WVTR) of $1{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2day$. The Key factor in high quality inorganic gas barrier formation for achieving the very low WVTR required ($1{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2day$) is the suppression of defect sites and gas diffusion pathways between grain boundaries. In this study NBAS process was introduced to deposit enhanced film density single gas barrier layer with a low WVTR. Fig. 1. shows a schematic illustration of the NBAS apparatus. The NBAS process was used for the $Al_2O_3$ nano-crystal structure films deposition, as shown in Fig. 1. The NBAS system is based on the conventional RF magnetron sputtering and it has the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source and metal reflector. $Ar^+$ ion in the ECR plasma can be accelerated into the plasma sheath between the plasma and metal reflector, which are then neutralized mainly by Auger neutralization. The neutral beam energy is controlled by the metal reflector bias. The controllable neutral beam energy can continuously change crystalline structures from an amorphous phase to nanocrystal phase of various grain sizes. The $Al_2O_3$ films can be high film density by controllable Auger neutral beam energy. we developed $Al_2O_3$ high dense barrier layer using NBAS process. We can verified that NBAS process effect can lead to formation of high density nano-crystal structure barrier layer. As a result, Fig. 2. shows that the NBAS processed $Al_2O_3$ high dense barrier layer shows excellent WVTR property as a under $2{\times}10^{-5}g/m^2day$ in the single barrier layer of 100nm thickness. Therefore, the NBAS processed $Al_2O_3$ high dense barrier layer is very suitable in the high efficiency OLED application.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.460-465
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• 2010

Introduction: A cleft palate is a common birth defect in humans with an incidence of 1/500 to 1/1,000 births. It appears to be caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors during palatogenesis. Many molecules are involved in palate formation but the biological mechanisms underlying the normal palate formation and cleft palate are unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that transforming growth factor $\beta$/bone morphogenetic proteins (TGF-$\beta$/BMP) family members mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during palate formation. However, their roles in palatal morphogenesis are not completely understood. Materials and Methods: To understand the roles of TGF-$\beta$/BMP signaling in vivo during palatogenesis, mice with a palatal mesenchyme- specific deletion of Smad4, a key intracellular mediator of TGF-$\beta$/BMP signaling, were generated and analyzed using the Osr2Ires-Cre mice. Results: The mutant mice were alive at the time of birth with open eyelids and complete cleft palate but died within 24 hours after birth. In skeletal preparation, the horizontal processes of the palatine bones in mutants were not formed and resulted in a complete cleft palate. At E13.5, the palatal shelves of the mutants were growing as normally as those of theirwild type littermates. However, the palatal shelves of the mutants were not elevated at E14.5 in contrast to the elevated palatal shelves of the wild type mice. At E15.5, the palatal shelves of the mutants were elevated over the tongue but did not come in contact with each other, resulting in a cleft palate. Conclusion: These results suggest that mesenchymal Smad4 mediated signaling is essential for the growth of palatal processes and suggests that TGF-$\beta$/BMP family members are essential regulators during palate development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2016

To examine the natural regeneration in the natural mixed-broadleaved forest, flowering, fruiting, seed-fall, and seed viabilities of Acer pseudosieboldianum (Ap) were investigated in Mt. Jungwang, Gangwon-do, from 2009 to 2015. The flower of Ap consisted many male and bisexual flowers on the corymb. Flowering dates are differed between sex morph in the same inflorescence. Stamens are stop growing and disappeared after pollinated pistil begin to grow in bisexual flowers, and male flowers have vestial pistil. The flowers of Ap might be pollinated by Apis mellifera, Andrenidae spp. and Syrphinae spp. Ap had some mechanism to prevent from self pollination with heterodichogamy. Mean annual seedfall of Ap was 70,780 ea/ha (ranged 310~234,840 ea/ha). Annual seedfall of Ap varied severely, and the maximum was about 760 times the minimum. Annual seed production of Ap might be to a normal distribution. Rates of damaged or decayed seeds are highest 59.3%, and those of sound seeds are 23.9%, Those of undeveloped and empty seeds are 9.2% and 7.6%, respectively. The most important factors influencing sound seed production might be the density and activities of insect pollinators and sucking pest in the flowerwing period, middle-late May. Successful regeneration of Ap might be in masting year and on the gap sites with proper conditions to germinate and grow. To understand the natural regeneration of deciduous hardwoods, further study on the characteristics of flowering and fruiting, pre- and post-dispersal seed predation, and annual variation on these factor should be needed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Strong ties such as family members, relatives and close friends have been widely acknowledged as a vital factor when a potential entrepreneur attempts to initiate entrepreneurial activity. Recent theoretical arguments focus that family social capital, a form of social capital, that is embedded in family relationships can contribute to venture creation as well as to the development of competitive advantage for established firms. Meantime, there have been arguments that the most dominant single entrepreneurial ethnic group in the world is the Chinese people, while the People's Republic of China is widely recognized as fast growing economic power that is driven by entrepreneurial ventures in a large scale. This study tests the effect of perceived relational supports typically being provided by family members, close relatives and friends on forming self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation of university students by using samples collected from 4 Korean Universities(Wonkwang, Baekseok, Soongsil and Dankook university) and Guangzhou University in China. The mediating of self-efficacy was also tested to gain better understanding of the role of the variable. The results of the study suggest that 1) both self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation are influenced positively by the perceived relational supports, 2) self-efficacy of university students affects their entrepreneurial motivation positively, 3) self-efficacy is appeared to be mediated partially for China in between perceived relational supports and entrepreneurial motivation, but the same variable is exhibited a full mediation in the same path of the research model for Korea, which was a distinction between the students of two countries in this study. Discussion and practical implication on the results are provided.