• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 1999

The aim of this study focused on student-centered learning not teacher-centered teaching in middle school math classes. This study was performed to check the growth of students' problem-solving abilities, learning attitudes and changes in learning motivation among affective characteristics. The results of this study is as followings: 1) The controlled group a heterogeneous group which had classes in a math room, had more meaningful growth than the uncontrolled group. The results of the study show that the problem-solving abilities of the high-leveled group were better than those of the low-leveled group. 2) The controlled group has shown meaningful difference in their mean in learning aptitude test and attitude test converted their score into 100 points than uncontrolled group, and various kinds of learning materials suitable for problem solving are proved as a good learning factor to induce students' motivation and interest. 3) Students prefer to have classes in a math room to the small-sized and large-numbered classrooms. The atmosphere in a math room is more suitable to improving their problem-solving abilities. In this context, the classes performed in a math room are fairly positive. Consequently, students' leveled learning activities performed in a math room can get their learning motivation and attention from those who are lack of interest and think math is difficult and be effective to increase their problem-solving abilities as a learning method for acquiring the whole course of solving the problems.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2017

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to apply the disinfection method using chlorhexidine in practice on disinfection of vascular access for hemodialysis. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial for examining effectiveness on infection of the vascular access device for hemodialysis when using chlorhexidine and betadine/alcohol. One-hundred-thirty study participants were separated into two groups randomly. Infection signs of the vascular access device for hemodialysis were observed and recorded before disinfection on vascular access device. Result: Before the study, there was no difference between the experimental group (chlorhexidine group) and the control group (betadine/alcohol group) in general characteristics and hematological index. Incidence of infection rate of chlorhexidine group was 0 percent and the betadine/alcohol group was 1.5 percent. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study examined the effectiveness of prevention of infection with the disinfection method using chlorhexidine and betadine/alcohol. The disinfection method using chlorhexidine is considered an effective and alternative method of betadine/alcohol.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2018

This study is designed to measure the indoor environment and research on the environmental situation in the lecture room where the lecture is conducted during the winter time in order to understand the level of environment in the lecture room and then suggest the method of improving the environment in the lecture room in the future. The findings are as follows. First, the number of ventilation measured at Lecture Room 1 was 1.2 times/hour while that at Lecture Room 2 was 2.2 times/hour. Second, the lighting at Lecture Room 1 and 2 was 650~700 lux while the noise at Lecture Room 1 and 2 was not more than 60dB. Third, Group 1 and Group 2 felt in the same way that the air quality in the lecture room was not good when the air quality was measured in 30 minutes after the start of lecture. Fourth, both Group 1 and Group 2 showed the lowered concentration on the class in 30 minutes after the start of the class when the room was heated. But Group 1 got less drop in the concentration when they was put in the non-heated room. Fifth, As for the change in the carbon dioxide volume during lecture, the carbon dioxide volume in the room where the windows was closed rose 1,000~1,400ppm from that at the time of start, thus showing that the indoor air quality got worsened. In addition, it is hard to control the indoor temperature due to the heating and non-heating. Accordingly, it is necessary to get the heating system which can make the ventilation in order to keep the environmental level in the lecture room to a certain level and keep the proper indoor temperature.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

Purpose: To identify the effects of the aromatherapy on stress of nurses working in operating room. Methods: The study design was nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 45 nurses working in the operating room. Experimental group were 24 nurses in G Hospital and control group were 21 nurses in U Hospital. All of the subjects were measured of the subjective stress, stress responses and the job stress. For aromatherapy, lavender, bergamot, and ylang were mixed in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. Results: 1) "The subjective stress of experimental group is lower than that of the control group" was supported (t=-2.70, p=.01). 2) "The stress responses of experi-mental group is lower than that of the control group" was supported (t=-2.49, p=.01). 3) "The job stress of experimental group is lower than that of the control group" was supported (t=-7.97, p=.00). Conclusion: This study suggested that such aroma inhalation method could be effective on stress of nurses working in operating room.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.100-113
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of supportive nursing intervention on patient's response of anxiety in emergency room as the suspected experimental research sequentially designed for the unequal control group. This study collected the data from 100 patients including 50 patients of experimental group and 50 patients of control group in emergency room of the only one university hospital from July 12. to September 30, 1999. This study used questionnaires that Kim, Jung Taek and Shin. Dong Kyun revised the measurement of STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) of Spielberger(1972) to measure their anxiety with using physical. spiritual. and informative support of the supportive nursing intervention, and measured blood pressure. pulse and respiration by physiological response of anxiety. After then. this study analyzed the frequency and percentage by using SPSS 7.5 program, $x^2-test$, t-test and ANCOVA. The results are as follows: First hypothesis : the point of STAI of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention(F=22.943, p=.000). Second hypothesis : the sistolic blood pressure of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention(F=42.603. p=.000). Third hypothesis. the diastolic blood pressure of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention(F= 18.482, p=.000). Fourth hypothesis: the pulse of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention. Fifth hypothesis : The respiration of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention. In the above-mentioned result. the supportive nursing intervention was considered to be useful intervention that raised the effect on patient's response of anxiety during emergency room staying.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot bath therapy on operating room (OR) nurses' lower extremities edema, stress, and fatigue. Methods: This study used a randomized control group non-synchronized design. The data were collected from August to October 2013, and a total of 50 OR nurses in an university hospital in U Metropolitan City participated in the study: 25 nurses for the experimental group and 25 for the control group. The experimental group received foot bath in which feet were soaked in $40^{\circ}C$ water and immersed up to ankle line for 20 minutes per a day for 12 times. Results: There were significant decrease in the calf edema, physical stress, and fatigue between pre and post foot bath therapy. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that foot bath had the effect in decreasing lower extremities edema, stress, and fatigue among OR nurses. Foot bath therapy, therefore, is suggested as a comfort and easy-to-use method in clinical setting to reduce OR nurses' lower extremities edema, stress, and fatigue.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the effects of lemon ice and water ice on decreasing thirst of the patients with nasal surgery. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for the study. The level of thirst and oral assessment were measured. A total of 60 subjects was recruited; 30 subjects for the experimental group in which lemon ice was provided and the other 30 subjects were in the control group in which on water ice was administered. Results: The scores of thirst were decreased in both lemon ice and water ice group. But it appeared that the score of thirst in the experimental group is significantly lower than that of the control group. Moreover, the score of the assessment of the patient's oral cavity was also significantly improved in the experimental group than that of the control group. Conclusion: The lemon ice seems an effective and easy-to-apply intervention in reducing thirst and mouth dryness over water ice in nursing practice.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.257-271
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data that is necessary for planning an adequate environment for various child-care activities and programs by recognizing the environmental characteristics of a group room, where children's activities take place. A survey was conducted of 257 childcare centers and 544 teachers all over the country, including only those of which that have opened after year 2000 with more than 20 children capacities. The survey period was from January 18th to 28th of 2010. The data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 15 software, calculating the data's frequency, percentage, $x^2$, multiple response analysis, F-test, and factor analysis. The results of this study led us to the following conclusions. 1) We would like to propose a group room space design varying by the room size, so that interesting and diverse activities can take place after taking account of the child's development and childcare centers program. 2) Group room space and facilities should be made of proper finishing materials, various materials with differing textures, and lighting for the kinds of childcare activities that gives various sensational experiences and comfortable feelings to the children. 3) Teachers with higher age and education tend to believe that child's competence and a homelike atmosphere are important factors in a group room environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.444-453
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify critical indicators for the development of efficient patient classification system in a emergency room. Method: This study involved following five steps. Step 1. Selection of the lists direct nursing services in the ER. Step 2. Measurement of the time of direct nursing services from Aug. 31st to Nov. 30th, 2005. Step 3. Classification of the patients according to the nursing care time. Step 4. The determination the critical indicators for different patient classes. Result: Determinate indicators were as follow: 3 items in the first group (vital sign checking, IV route starting, blood sampling), 3 items in the second group (vital sign checking, fluid infusion, blood sampling), 9 items in the third group (I/O checking, $O_{2}$ inhalation, suction, fluid infusion, IV bolus, Central catheter preparation & management, blood sampling, intubation preparation & management, postmortem management), 7 items in the fourth group (EKG monitoring, BP monitoring, $O_{2}$ inhalation, fluid infusion, using the specific drugs, CPR, postmortem management). Conclusion: This study can help future studies which measure nursing services standard time or assigns value to emergency nursing services.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.500-511
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety of patients in emergency room. Methods: The study was designed using a noneqivalent control group nonsynchronized design. For 20 minutes, the experimental group(22 patients) had listened to music and the control group(23 patients) had bed rest. A six-item state anxiety scale developed by Marteau and Bekker, which was based on Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured to all study participants before and after the intervention. The data was analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: 1) The experimental group's state anxiety level were significantly lower than the control group's(t=2.220, p=.032). 2) There were no significant differences in both group's diastolic(t=-.495, p=.623) and systolic blood pressure(t=831, p=.411). 3) The experimental group's pulse rate was significantly lower than the control group's(t=2.363, p=.023). Conclusion: Music therapy may be applied as a nursing intervention to decrease anxiety in emergency room.