• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.215-236
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study is that self-growth program searches effect self-concept and peer-relationship with elementary school student, and advance following assumption to achieve this purpose and achieved study. First, self-concept point of experiment group students who execute self-growth program will be improved is meaning than self-concept point of control group students. Second, peer-relationship point of experiment group students who execute self-growth program will be improved is meaning than peer-relationship point of control group students. Third, effect that self-growth program gets to self-concept may be meaning difference according to sex. Fourth, difference that impact that self-growth program gets in peer- relationship is meaning according to sex may join. Chose fifth-year student 2 class 68 people (experiment group n=34, control group n=34) in I primary school locating to Jeonrabuk-do Iksan-si to verify above construction for study target. Disposal about experiment group executed over 10th for 60-80 minute 2 times in a week because investigator uses reconstructing self-growth program with virtue research paper such as learning program for own growth of Lee-Hyeong-Deuk (1998). In order to verify the effect after experiment, 1 collected materials for estimation by providing the subject children with questionaires about self-concept and peer-relationship before and after the experiment, and then analyzed the average differences in number of marks between the experiment group and the control group before and after the experiment through and by using One-Way ANOVA, and SPSS 11.0 program. The following is the result what I obtained from the above study. First, there was significant difference is between average difference before and after of experiment group and control group which execute self-growth program in self-concept elevation ($F_{(1,66)} =28.734$, p <.001). From the sub-variable, there was significant difference in academic self ($F_{(1,66)}=6.423$, p<.05), Social Self ($F_{(1,66)}=48.331$, p<.001), Physical Self ($F_{(1,66)}=11.074$, p <.01), sentimental self ($F_{(1,66)}=9.402$, p <.01) Second, there was significant difference is average difference before and after of experiment group and control group which execute self-growth program in peer-relationship promotion ($F_{(1,66)}=24.109$, p <.001). From the sub-variable there W3S Significant difference in trust ($F_{(1,66)}=14.507$, p<.001), respect ($F_{(1,66)}=15.271$, p <.001). Third, there was expose that significant difference does not exist in average self-concept before and after by sex of experiment group which executes self-growth program, and was not shown significant difference in sub-vairable. Fourth, there was expose that significant difference of whole peer- relationship and in respect of sub-variable in average peer-relationship before-after by sex of experiment group which execute self-growth program, but significant difference did not appear in trust. Could get conclusion that self-growth program is effect in elementary school student self-concept elevation and peer-relationship promotion according to these study finding, and confirmed possibility that self-growth program may contribute to change emotional special quality of children positively in education spot.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.566-572
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• 2013

This study aims to compared effect of balance between general walking exercise and power walking exercise. Twenty subjects were classified into two groups, general walking exercise(n=10) and power walking exercise(n=10). As a result, two group showed difference within the group and there is significant difference between two groups. 1) In compared static balance of sway area at pre-post test to exercise group, general walking exercise group did not change significantly. however, power walking exercise group did change significantly. and At sway distance, two group showed significant changes. 2) In compared Static balance between the groups sway area and sway path at pre-post test, two group showed significant changes. 3) In compared dynamic balance of center distance at pre-post test to exercise group, general walking exercise group was no significant difference in all directions. power walking exercise group was significant difference in all directions. 4) In compared dynamic balance between the groups sway area and sway path at pre-post test, there was no significant difference in leftward, rightward, forward directions and was significant difference in backward, overall direction. Therefore, power walking exercise can be recommended promote balance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.315-322
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• 1993

To evaluate of the relationship between the TMJ disorder and the vertical mandibular asymmetry, the author analyzed the differences between condylar heights, ramus heights and mandibular heights of both sides. All measurements were performed with a digital micrometer on the panoramic radiographs of 36 TMJ disorder patients and 30 normal control group. The differences were expressed in millimeters and percentage using the following formula; ｜(R-L)/(R+L)｜×100% The results were as follows : 1. The condylar height difference was greater of in patient group (1.86±1.66㎜) than that of in control group (1.22±0.85㎜)(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in the condylar height ratio difference between patient group (11.67㎜11.44%) and control group (7.64±621%) (p>0.05). 2. The ramus height difference and ramus height ratio difference of patient group (4.52±3.70㎜, 4.39±3.49%) were greater than those of control group (2.64±2.13㎜, 2.46±2.02%)(p<0.05, p<0.01). 3. The mandibular height difference and mandibular height ratio difference of patient group (4.32±3.52㎜, 3.59±2.81%) were greater than those of control group (2.57±2.46㎜, 2.01±1.95%) (p<0.05). 4. The ratio difference in condylar height to ramus height and condylar height to mandibular height of patient group (5.01±4.13%, 3.36±2.88%) were greater than those of control group (2.33±1.78%, 1.90±1.40%) (p<0.01).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1994

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Galgunhaeiutang + Danjuhwan and Haejujigaltang on the experimental behaviors of alcohol-inticxicated mice. ICR mice were used as subjects for alcohol intoxication in this experiment and sample group received Herb Medicine. The foot-step and rearing score were measured in mice. Also Rota-Rod treadmill & number of successful trials swimming time in the T-maze were done. And the following results were observed; 1. The food-step score was decreased in Galgunhaejutang + Danjuhwan group at the 8th hour, the difference was statistically significant. But Haejujigaltang group showed no significant difference. 2. The number of rearing was decreased in Galgunhaejutang + Danjuhwan group at the 3rd and 8th hour, the difference was statistical significant, while Haejujigaltang group showed no significant differnce. 3. The motor incoordination measered by the Rota-Rod treadmill was decreased in Galgunhaejutang + Danjuhwan group at the 8th hour, but Haejujigaltang group showed no significant difference. 4. The number of successful trials in T-maze showed no significant difference in both groups. 5. The passing time in T-maze was increased in Galgunhaejutang +Danjuhwan group at the 8th hour, but Haejujigaltang group showed no significant difference.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the surface roughness of the Cerec Vita Mark II polished by various polishing techniques, compare with that of the Vintage enamel porcelain glazed by high temperature glazing technique. All of the Cerec specimen were finished with sequential use of high speed diamond burs(grit 45, 30 and $15{\mu}m$). The groups were divided into 5 groups : Group I : Cerec Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Sof-lex discs. Group II : Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Two Striper MPS. Group III : Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Enhance. Group IV : Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Porcelain laminate polishing FG kit. Group V : Vintage enamel porcelain glazed by high temperature glazing Technique. Each group was consisted of 10 specimens. The surfaces produced were examined quantitatively using a laser specular reflectance machine(Perthen RM600-s, Feinpruf Perthen GmbH., Germany) and qualitatively under SEM(JSM-5400, JEOL, Japan). The Results were as follows : 1. The arithmetic mean roughness value(Ra) in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was higher than that of group5. There was statistically significant difference(P<0.05). 2. The arithmetic mean roughness value(Ra) decreased in the following orders : group 1, group 2, group 4, group 3 and there was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2, group 3, and group 4. There was statistically significant difference among group 1, 2, and group 3, 4 and group 5(P<0.05). 3. The maximum individual peak-to-valley-height(Rmax) decreased in the following orders : group 2, group 1, group 4, group 3, group 5 and there was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and 2, group 1 and group 4, group 3 and group 5. There was statistically significant difference among group 1, 2, and group 1, 4 and group 3, 5(P<0.05). 4. The treated surfaces of group 5 had smoother surface than that of groups 1, 2, 3, 4 with SEM.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2003

Purpose : this study was to examine the effect of using a nursing standards for the quality of nursing care in musculo-skeletal patients. Method : The approach to nursing quality assurance evaluation was selected process-outcome framework. The subjects ware 100 case of musculo-skeletal patients in orthopedic surgery nursing care unit of E. university hospital in seoul. The data of a control group were collected from 23 December 2001 to 20 March 2002 and an experimental group were collected from 1 June to 25 August 2002. The instruments used for this study were a nursing care standards in musculo-skeletal disorder patients developed by the investigator and an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in orthopedic surgery patients developed by soon-ook Choi in 1995. It's reliability is Cronbach alpha=.8628. The data were analyzed by means of $x^1$-test, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS program. Results : This study are as fellows : 1. Scores of the quality of nursing care in standard 1 in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group with no significant difference(t=-8.793, p=.000), scores of the quality of nursing care in standard 2 in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group with significant difference(t=-8.793, p=.000) and standard 3 in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group with significant difference(t=-10.550, p=.000). scores of the quality of nursing care in standard 4 in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group with significant difference(t=-8.793, p=.000). scores of the quality of nursing care in standard 4 in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group with no significant difference(t=-1.833, p=.070). 2. Scores of the quality of nursing care in criteria 28 of 33 criteria in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group with significant difference in 12 criteria(p<.05 ). 3. Scores of the quality of nursing care in standard 1 to standard 4(process evaluation); the experimental group were higher than those of the control group with significant difference(t=-10.704, p=.000). scores of the quality of nursing care in standard 5(outcome evaluation); the experimental group were higher than those of the control group. but no significant difference(t=-1.833, p=.070). 4. Scores of the quality of nursing care in experimental group were higher than those of the control group with significant difference(t=-10.794, p=.000). Conclusion : Through this study, I'm sure that using a nursing care standards in musculo-skeletal disorder patients improve quality of nursing care and nursing care standards are effective nursing care.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.505-511
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference about pathogenesis of smoker and non-smoker. Author used DSOM to investigate oriental pathogenesis. Smoke group is consisted of people who have history of smoke, and they don't have history of lung disease(Athma, tuberculosis, COPD, suchlike). Non-smoke group is consisted of people who have no history of smoke and they also don't have history of lung disease. Author carried out each group's PFT(Pulmonary Function Test) by AST(American Thoracic Society) method. DSOM was used for pathogenesis investigation of two groups. There was significant difference between smoke group and non-smoke group in FVC (p<0.05), and In non-smoke group, there was significant difference between male and famale in FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%. There was significant difference between smoke group and non-smoke group in Heat(熱), Cold(寒)(p<0.05). In Male grouop there was significant difference between smoker and non-smoker in deficiency of Deficiency of Yin(陰虛), Heat(熱). In non-smoke group comparison of sex, there was significant difference between male and female in Deficiency of blood(血虛), dampness(濕)(p<0.05). This result showed that the difference of pathogenesis between smoke group and non-smoke group.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2007

This study was to investigate the kinematical analysis using ski simulator. Twelve people(six skilled, six unskilled) participated in the experiment. Each phase of motion time was slight differences between the skilled group and the unskilled group but not significant difference in statistics. In displacement of vertical on COG(Center of Gravity), left and right down motion showed significant difference between group. In velocity of horizontal on COG, both left and right down motion showed significant difference between group, and up motion of between down motion showed significant difference. In displacement of angle on ankle, knee, hip joint almost showed significant difference between group. Almost in body position was lower skilled group than unskilled group.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to find out oropharyngeal movement of the class III malocclusion patients during swallowing by using the cinefluoroscopic method. The experimental group was composed of fifteen male adults with class III malocclusion whose mean age was 24.4 yrs. The control group was composed of fifteen male adults with normal occlusion whose mean age was 24.8 yrs. The results were as follows: 1. The horizontal position of the tongue tip was more anterior in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group through all stages. 2. The tongue level was lower in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1, stage 3, and stage 4. 3. The horizontal position of the hyoid bone was more anterior in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1 only. 4. The tip of the soft palate was lower in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1 only, and there was no significant difference in the velar movement between the class III malocclusion group and the normal group during swallowing. 5. There was a significant difference in the interincisal distance, but no significant difference in the intermolar distance between the class III malocclusion group and the normal group through all stages. 6. Among 4 stages of each group, there was a significant difference in the movements of the dorsum of the tongue, the hyoid bone, and the soft palates And there was a significant difference in the movement .of the tongue tip of the normal group, but no significant difference in the movement of the tongue tip of the class III malocclusion group.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodic effect of desensitizing drug such as potassium oxalate(D.D.S. # I&II), strontium chloride (ZAROSEN)$^{(R)}$, and placebo group. The 193 teeth of 93 patients who had been complained dental hypersensitivity, and were divided into three groups by application agent and desensitizing treatment was completed. The interval of observation and treatment period were immediately, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week, 4 week, before and after treatment. The data was statistically analized and the results were as followed. 1. Group I showed best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by Group II, Group III. 2. There was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in desensitizing effect among the Group I, Group III and Group II, Group III but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in Group I, Group II. 3. The cold stimuli was most effective in desensitization and there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in cold, air-blast, but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in other stimuli. 4. There was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in effect of the desensitization of the cause of exposed dentine. 5. Anterior teeth was more effective than posterior teeth in desensitization and there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) between anterior teeth and posterior teeth. 6. In analysis of stimuli on the potassium oxalate, there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in cold, air-blast but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in other stimuli.