• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.564-568
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• 2004

Odontoma, hamartomas of odontogenic orgin, are composed of all the structures that make up teeth, which may lead to interference with the eruption of its associated tooth. On the basis of gross, radiographic, and microscopic features, two types of odontoma are recognized: compound and complex. The etilogy of odontomas is unknown, although local trauma, infection, and gentic factors have been suggested. Odontomas occur central in bone between the roots of teeth and the mauority are asymptomatic. Although these tumors occur frequently and constitute 22% of all odontogenic tumors, are very rare. Erupted odontoma are defined as tumors that it occurs a calcifed mass may be defected on the ridge. The treatment of chico is the surgical removal of the lesion followed by a biopsy. This report presents a case of 8-year-old girl with the delayed eruption of the mandibular first molar by the calcified mass within the operculum covered the central fossa. And it was diagnosed as erupted complex odontoma by excisional biopsy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2001

Purpose: to investigate the etiology and the results of surgical treatment of the symptomatic accessory navicular in adults. Materials and Methods: Between 1996 and 2000, 17 cases in 16 adult patients who were older than 20 years were diagnosed as painful accessory na vicular. 11 patients could recall a twisting injury of the ankle, and 8 of them were inversion sprain. 4 patients had tibialis posterior tendon lesions. 13 feet of 12 patients were treated by resection of accessory navicular, the synchondrosis, the medial portion of the navicular and reattachment of tibialis posterior tendon without transposition. 9 feet in 8 patients were followed for more than one year after surgery. In 4 patients with tibialis posterior tendon lesions, additional procedures were performed according to the state of the lesion. Results: All were type II accessory navicular bone which had synchondroses. There was gross motion of the synchondrosis in 'the operating field in all feet. Of the 9 feet which were followed for more than one year after surgery, results were excellent in five and good in four. Conclusion: The painful accessory navicular in adult might be closely associated with inversion ankle sprain, and also with the tibialis posterior tendon lesions. Satisfactory result could be obtained without transposition of the tibialis posterior tendon to the undersurface of the navicular and immediate postoperative weight bearing does not have harmful effect on the result.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a gastrointestinal disorder in which stomach contents reflux into the esophagus, causing complications such as mucosal damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Rhei Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix mixture (RS) in chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE), one of the GERD. After inducing reflux esophagitis through surgery, the group was separated and the drug was administered for 2 weeks; Normal rats (Normal, n=8), chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (Control, n=8), tocopherol 30 mg/kg-treated chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (Toco, n=8), Rhei Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix mixture 100 mg/kg-treated chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (RSL, n=8), Rhei Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix mixture 200 mg/kg-treated chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (RSH, n=8). Gross lesion of esophageal mucosa after RS treatment showed a superior enhancement compared with that of Control group. Additionally, RS significantly decreased the levels of MPO and MDA, effectively inhibited NADPH oxidase, and regulated the expression of the AMPK/LKB1/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, it significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins. Taken together, RS not only alleviates inflammation of the esophageal mucosa via the AMPK/LKB1/NF-κB pathway by reducing oxidative stress, but also improves esophageal function by modulating tight junction proteins.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.349-359
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• 2020

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disease that stomach contents continually refluxing, and is currently on the rise worldwide. The purpose of this study is to find natural materials that can reduce side effects and effectively treat chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE), one of GERD. First, the antioxidant activity was confirmed by varying the mixing ratio of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus, which are effective against chronic reflux esophagitis. After, animal experiments were conducted using a 1:1 (CE) and 1:2 (CEE) combination ratio of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus, which had the best antioxidant efficacy. Gross lesion of esophageal mucosa after CE or CEE treatment showed a superior enhancement compared with that of CARE control rats. Additionally, its inhibited MAPK phosphorylation and led NF-κB inactivation through the suppression of IκBα phosporylation by regulating Nrf2/Keap-1, and NF-κB inactivation induced reduced protein expressions including inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Moreover, its improved esophageal barrier function through upregulating protein expressions of tight junction protein, whereas downregulating protein expressions of MMPs. Taken together, a mixture of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus can attenuate the esophageal mucosal ulcer by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathway, and upregulating proteins associated with tight junction.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.547-555
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• 1998

The subchronic toxicity of a combined preparation of ticlopidine and ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) mixed in a ratio of 10: 4 was examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with the test substance at a dose of 52 mg/kg, 156 mg/kg, or 467 mg/kg intragastrically for 30 consecutive days. Control rats were treated with vehicle only. Each group consisted of 10 rats. No death or abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. A transient decrease in body weight gain and food intake was observed in the rats treated with the high dose (467 mg/kg), which was recovered to normal in a week. There were no drug-related differences in urinalysis and hematological results. A significant increase in serum total cholesterol and total protein was observed in both sexes of the rats treated with a dose of 467 mg/kg daily, but all the other values obtained in serum chemistry appeared to be within normal range. A dose dependent increase in liver weight was observed in both male and female rats. Relative kidney weight was also increased in the high dose groups. There was no gross pathological finding at terminal sacrifice. Microscopic histopathological examination did not show any lesion in terms of correlation with administration of the test substance. The results suggest that under the conditions employed in this study no observable effect level (NOEL) of the test substance be 52 mg/kg/day.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2000

Toxicity of a combined preparation of ticlopidine and ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in a ratio of 10: 4 was examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with the test substance intragastrically at a dose of 0 mg/kg, 17 mg/kg, 52 mg/kg or 156 mg/kg for 91 consecutive days. No death or abnormal clinical sign was observed throughout the administration period. There was no difference in body weight gain, food intake or water consumption among different dose groups. Test sub-stance-related differences were not observed in urinalysis. In hematological results mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) of low and high dose male group was increased. Prothrombin time of medium and high dose female group was decreased. A significant increase in serum total cholesterol was observed in both sexes of rats treated with a daily dose of 156 mg/kg, but all the other values obtained in serum chemistry appeared to be within normal ranges. A dose dependent increase in the relative liver and kidney weights was observed in both male and female rats. There were no gross pathological findings at terminal sacrifice. Microscopic histopathological examination did not show any lesion associated with administration of the test substance. The results suggest that under the conditions employed in this study no observable effect level (NOEL) of the test substance be greater than 17 mg/kg/day, but less than 52 mg/kg/day.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2024

Objectives: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is defined as abdominal pain during menstruation period in the absence of an identifiable pathological lesion. Corydalis tuber (CT) is an herbal medicine that has an excellent effect in relieving pain and convulsions. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Corydalis tuber aqueous extracts (CTe) on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: The rats were injected with estradiol benzoate subcutaneously for 10 days (2.5 mg/kg on the first and 10th days, and 1 mg/kg from the 2~9th day). Oxytocin 1 U/kg was treated by peritoneal injection 1 hour after the last 10th injection of estradiol benzoate. CTe 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg were administered orally, once a day for 10 days at 30 minutes after each estradiol benzoate treatment. The results of CTe were compared to those of IND 5 mg/kg orally treated rats. Results: As results of estradiol benzoate and oxytocin administration, noticeable decreases of body weights and gains, uterus weights were observed with congestion and enlargement of the uterus at gross inspections, and increases of abdominal writhing responses, uterus MDA levels, GSH contents, SOD and CAT activities. However, these oxidative stress mediated PD signs were dose-dependently decreased by 10 consecutive days of oral administration of three different doses of CTe 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg as comparable to those of IND 5 mg/kg in CTe 200 mg/kg. Conclusions: CTe had a significant improvement effect on primary dysmenorrhea in the PD rat model induced by estrogen benzoate and oxytocin.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

Propose: To Analyze the survival outcomes and prognostic factors In glioblastoma patients treated with surgery and radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : One hundred twenty glloblastoma patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy from 1994 to 2003 at Samsung Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical extents were gross total resection in 22 patients (18$\%$), subtotal resection in 69 (58$\%$), and biopsy only in 29 (24$\%$). The median radiation dose was 50 Gy, ranging from 45 Gy to 72 Gy The median follow-up period was 12 months ranging from 2 to 52 months. Results The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 52$\%$ and 14$\%$, respectively, and the median survival duration was 13 months. Favorable prognostic factors by Uunivarlate analyses of prognostic factors on 1-year survival rate were revealed that age under 50 (p<0.01), ECOG performance status 0 or 1 (p=0.03), single lesion (p=0.02), and gross total resection (p=0.04), were the favorable prognostic (actors. and by Mmultlvarlate analyses were revealed that female (p<0.01), age under 50 (p<0.01), ECOG performance status 0 or 1 (p=0.05) and gross total resection (p=0.05) were the favorable prognostic factors. Conclusions : The results of our study were comparable with those previously reported. To Improve treatment outcome, various modifications, Including radiation dose escalation through newer radiation therapy techniques and use of effective chemotherapy regimen, should be further Investigated. Investigated. Also Furthermore, the application of Individualized treatment strategy based on 4he patient's prognostic factors might be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Purpose: In order to know the effectiveness of ultrasonographic examination in diagnosis and follow-up evaluation for the frozen shoulder, we compared those with contralateral side in initial and after steroid injection. Materials and Methods: For the 20 unilateral frozen shoulder from July 2012 to July 2013, ultrasonographic examination was tried using reference line 1 (CBT: distance from coracoid process to LHB tendon) and line 2 (CBG: distance from coracoid process to bicipital groove). We tried 1 time steroid injection and compared the improvement in gross motion and reference line with 2 month, 4 month, and 6 month's serial ultrasonographic examination. Results: The differences on CBT line between lesion side and normal side were -5.6 mm, -5.0 mm, and -4.3 mm in neutral (Neut), external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR), respectively. The differences on CBG line were -6.1 mm, -4.7 mm, and -5.0 mm respectively (p<0.05). The changes in the reference line after steroid injection were evaluated at 2 month (CBT: -4.8 mm, -3.5 mm, -2.6 mm / CBG: -4.7 mm, -4.0 mm, -3.6 mm), 4 month (CBT: -4.7 mm, -3.2 mm, -1.7 mm / CBG: -4.3 mm, -3.7 mm, -1.2 mm), and 6 month (CBT: -1.1 mm, -2.9 mm, -0.5 mm / CBG: -1.2 mm, -0.7 mm, -0.9 mm). The gross motion was improved at 4 month after injection, from elevation $108^{\circ}$, ER $32^{\circ}$, IR L5 in initial to $133^{\circ}$, $42^{\circ}$, L3 respectively (p<0.05). Pain improved from 7.5 in initial to 3.0 at 2 month on visual analog scale (VAS). Conclusion: The serial examination after steroid injection revealed that the delayed improvement on reference line (6 month) compared with pain (2 month) or gross motion (4 month). Dynamic ultrasonogram was useful in diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of frozen shoulder.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2003

Purpose : Efforts to predict the clinicopathological outcome of IgA nephropathy have been made but have yielded conflicting results and have not helped in deciding the appropriate timing of the renal biopsy. In this study, we reviewed the predictive factors of clinicopathological outcome for finding out the criteria of renal biopsy timing of IgA nephropathy. Methods : Forty children diagnosed with biopsy proven IgA nephropathy at Wonju Christian Hospital were studied retrospectively, based on medical records. Results : Among 39 patients, 2 children progressed to higher serum creatinine level. One of them reached to the end stage renal disease within 2 year 7 months. According to WHO histopathological classification, there were 15 cases of class I, 14 cases of class II, 7 cases of class III, and 3 cases of class IV. In the mild histological classes(class I, II), gross hematuria was shown in 23 out of 29 children(P=0.02). In the severe histological classes(class III, IV), gross hematuria was noted in 4 out of 10(P>0.05). The tubulointerstitial changes were grade 1 in 24 cases, grade 2 in 4 cases, grade 3 in 8 cases, and grade 4 in 3 cases. With an increase in the tubulointerstitial grade, the 24 hour urine protein/albumin ratio increased. Serum creatinine less than 0.79 mg/dL could predict the lower grade(grade 1 and 2) of tubulointerstitial changes. But serum creatinine greater than 1.13 mg/dL could predict the higher grade(grade 3 and 4) of tubulointerstitial changes. In children with gross hematuria(n=27), serum creatinine was lower(0.78 vs 1.09 mg/dL, P=0.027), serum IgA was higher(316.3 vs 198.8 mg/dL), and the cases of lower WHO classification(I and II) were more common(23 vs 4, P=0.029) than the children with microscopic hematuria. Conclusion : Serum creatinine less than 0.79 mg/dL, macroscopic hematuria, and higher 24 hour urine protein/albumin ratio would predict the lower grade glomerulo tubulointerstitial lesion in IgA nephropathy and could be used as the criteria delaying the renal biopsy.