• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2020

The populations of Polyphagostarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) have been causing serious economic damages to farmers by directly feeding on leaves of green perilla. However, sampling of P. latus is impossible because there is no suitable sample unit until now. Thus, this study was conducted to suggest suitable sample unit and required sample number for P. latus on green perilla. Individuals of P. latus started to occurr from the leafstalk within a leaf. They required approximated 25 days to spread to all areas within a leaf. New shoots would be a suitable sample unit for P. latus on green perilla because its density on shoots per ㎠ was always higher than the densities on fully grown and moderately grown leaves. Required sample number at D = 0.25 was estimated as a shoot when eggs, nymphs, and adults of P. latus were observed within a leaf. Therefore, Using this small sample unit for sampling of P. latus on green perilla could be economical and efficient.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2007

This study was conducted to explain degree of injury caused by P. panopealis larva which is the key component to develop economic injury level or control threshold in green perilla and was carried out in polyvinyl houses at Yuseong Daejeon, Geumsan and Yesan Chungnam from 2004 to 2006. Of 5 major pests in green perilla polyvinyl house, P. panopealis larva injured green perilla leaf by 48.5% on average under no insecticides application. The peak occurrence of P. panopealis adult was early August and late September in 2004 and 2005 studies. The feeding amount of P. panopealis larva among 1st to 3rd instar was not different, but from the 4th instar the feeding amount greatly increased and this result was consistent with daily feeding experiment in which the amount greatly increased from seventh day. The degree of injury which was investigated with different larval infestation levels showed that the degree of injury increased a little but was not dim ε rent significantly as the density increased. The density of P. panopealis larva in damaged green perilla plant was less than three individuals/plant. This result indicates that P. panopealis adult lays egg on green perilla leaf dispersedly and larva hatched from egg injures only the leaf which egg is layed. These preliminary data seems to be very useful to design economic injury level and control threshold studies for P. panopealis in green perilla polyvinyl house.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 1999

We report a case of lipoid pneumonia in a 57-year-old man who had a history of ingestion of green perilla oil and residual neurologic deficit of cerebral infarction with right hemiparesis. Lipoid pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.549-564
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between harmful free radicals and antioxidants. Long-term oxidative stress can lead to an "exhausted" status of antioxidant defense system triggering development of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation. Green perilla (Perilla frutescens) is commonly used in Asian cuisines and traditional medicine in southeast Asia. Green perilla possesses numerous beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. To investigate the potentials of green perilla leaf extract (PE) on oxidative stress, we induced oxidative stress by high-fat diet (HFD) in aging mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6J male mice were fed HFD continuously for 53 weeks. Then, mice were divided into three groups for 12 weeks: a normal diet fed reference group (NDcon), high-fat diet fed group (HDcon), and high-fat diet PE treated group (HDPE, 400 mg/kg of body weight). Biochemical analyses of serum and liver tissues were performed to assess metabolic and inflammatory damage and oxidative status. Hepatic gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammation related enzymes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: PE improved hepatopathology. PE also improved the lipid profiles and antioxidant enzymes, including hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and liver. Hepatic gene expressions of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related enzymes, such as SOD-1, CAT, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) were significantly enhanced by PE. PE also reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and liver; moreover, PE suppressed hepatic gene expression involved in pro-inflammatory response; Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). CONCLUSIONS: This research opens opportunities for further investigations of PE as a functional food and possible anti-aging agent due to its attenuative effects against oxidative stress, resulting from HFD and aging in the future.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.421-425
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• 2020

We investigated an ecologically-sensitive method to control Polyphagotarsonemus latus in a green perilla polyvinyl house using concentrated pyrethrum. The survival rates of Polyphagotarsonemus latus nymphs and adults to 2%, 4%, and 6% pyrethrum 3 days after spraying were 58.1%, 27.5%, and 22.7% respectively, and 73.4%, 37.3%, and 30.6% at 5 days after spraying. These results show that the most effective control occurred using 6% pyrethrum. To investigating the densities of P. latus on a 1 cm diameter leaf-disk of green perilla, we sprayed the leaf every 10 days from May 10 with 6% pyrethrum 1,000 times and milbemectin EC 2% 1,000 times. The period chosen was one where the incidence of P. latus could be predicted. The density was kept low during the treatment period. However, if leaf damage had already occurred from P. latus, the density could not be decreased by spraying 1 or 2 times each week where milbemectin EC 2% was used, but the population could be reduced when sprayed 3 times. Therefore, in order to effectively control P. latus in green perilla greenhouses, it is important to begin treatment at an early stage when P. latus are first observed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.150-162
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• 2002

Perilla, Perilla frutescens. (L.) Britton, is a traditional oil seed crops grown in Korea. The seeds and seed oil is used for edible and some industrial sectors. The seeds of perilla contains 35-54% of a drying oil which is similar to the linseed oil. The fatty acids of seed oil is composed with linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. The majority of fatty acids of the oil is $\alpha$-linolenic acid proportioned 51-71% of the oil. This high linolenic acid makes it unstable of the oil and owing to the fast oxidation. Therefore, the plant breeders are challenges to develope a new varieties with low linolenic acid for edlible oil and high linolenic acid for industrial uses. Perilla foliage is also used as a potherb. The green leaves contains a special flavor, perilla aldehyde, and some abundant minerals and vitamins. The vitamin C and $\beta$-carotene is more available than lettuce and crown-daisy of which used for similar potherb and vegetables in traditional Korean food table. The authors are reviewed and discussed on the current status and prospects of the quality evaluations and researches in perilla seeds and leaves to provide and refers the condensed informations on their quality.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.190-193
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• 1990

To establish the successive rearing method of the perilla leaf pyralid, Prausta panopealis Walker, experiments were carried out wiht three diets based on a JAMSI-type artificial die for silkworm. On the SS4 diet containing 40% of perilla leaf powder the pupal and adult yields were higher than those on th fresh green perilla leaves.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 1987

The effects of light, active oxygen, inorganic $SO_3\;^{-2}\;ion$, $SO_2$ fumigation duration, $SO_2$ concentration on the degradation of photosynthetic pigments in Green perilla (Perilla frutescens Suwon No. 8) fumigated by $SO_2$ were investigated inside a phytotron. The results were as follows: 1. With the increase of the $SO_2$ dosage, visible injury and the degradation of chlorophyll increased. 2. The degradation of chlorophyll b was less than that of chlorophyll a and the carotinoid was more easily degratated than chlorophyll b. 3. The degradation of chlorophyll by $SO_2$ fumigation was induced directly by $SO_2$, itself. 4. Light is necessary to the degradation of chlorophyll. $SO_2$ and $O_2^-$ made in the photolysis process of the water molecule were the major components in the degradation of chlorophyll.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2019

Screening and identification of genetic resources based on their phytoconstituents and morphological characters potentially provide baseline data for researchers, breeders, and nutraceutical companies who wish to formulate a nutrient-dense diet and health beneficial supplement. Thus, we evaluated the amount of total phenolic content and major phenolic compounds; examined if phenolic compounds could be used as distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources; and investigated the relation between some quantitative and qualitative morphological characters with the contents of phenolic compounds in 360 accessions obtained from National Agrobiodiversity Center gene bank, Jeonju, Korea. Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Individual phenolic compounds were determined using an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography system equipped with Photodiode Array detector. Considerable variations were observed in TPC (7.99 to 117.47 mg GAE/g DE), rosmarinic acid (RA) (ND to 19.19 mg/g DE), caffeic acid (CA) (ND to 0.72 mg/g DE), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide (ADG) (ND to 1.24 mg luteolin equivalent (LUE)/g DE), scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide (SG) (ND to 4.32 mg LUE/g DE), and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (AG) (ND to 1.60 mg LUE/g DE). RA was the most dominant phenolic compound in most accessions (95.3%) followed by SG. The adaxial leaf color was light green, green and dark green in 13.8%, 65.0%, and 21.1 % of the accessions, respectively. 78.8% of the accessions had light green color at the abaxial side with the remaining being described as green. Most of the accessions (96.9%) were cordate shape, the remaining being eclipse. Intensities of green pigment at abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces were correlated with contents of individual phenolic compounds and TPC whereas leaf length and width had no correlation with TPC, CA and RA, and negatively correlated with ADG, AG, and SG. Leaf shape was not related with content of phenolic compounds, color of leaves, or the length or width of leaves. Accessions IT57426, IT157434, IT267710, and IT267712 which contained relatively high contents of TPC and major phenolic compounds (RA and SG) could be used for further research in breeding and bioassay test. Our study result showed the contents of total phenolics and individual phenolic compounds along with the morphological characters could be useful distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effect of green-ye1low vegetables on the mutagenicities induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Salmonella assay system and also their inhibitory effect on AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells were studied. Twenty-four items from twenty six kinds of vegetables(92%) revealed antimutagenic activity toward MNNG (p< 0.0l, 0.05). Perilla leaf, Korean cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, mustard leaf, water dropwort, small water dropwort, carrot and burdock inhibited the mutagenicity more than 80%. The methanol extracts of the vegetables also showed the antimutagenic activity toward NDMA (p< 0.01, 0.05). Especially, perilla leaf, kale, soybean sprout and onion inhibited more than 80% of the NDMA induced mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA100. Small water dropwort and perilla leaf exhibited the strong inhibitory effect (97~100%) on the growth of the AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells. Soybean sprout, water dropwort, broccoli, crown daisy, green red pepper, red pepper leaves, spinach, cabbage and sweet potato also inhibited growth of the cancer cells (p < 0.001~0.05).