• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.245-274
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• 2003

This paper analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of domestic policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by focusing on carbon tax, domestic emissions trading and the mixture of these policies. By utilizing a dynamic CGE model, KORTEM, this study shows that the economic cost under carbon tax is projected to be higher than that under emission trading. It is because under carbon tax scheme each emitter in economy must meet its emission target regardless of the abatement cost. On the other hand, emission trading allows emitters to reduce the marginal cost of abatement through trading of emission permits. In designing policy portfolio to address the climate change problem in Korea, therefore, this paper proposes the introduction of domestic emission trading scheme as the main domestic policy Instrument.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2455-2462
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• 2008

Global warming has become one of the most important social responsibilities. After Kyoto protocol for greenhouse gas reduction by climatic change convention came into effect, developed countries are presenting various policies to reduce greenhouse gas that is produced in transport field. One of those policies is modal shift that change from road freight to sea, inland waterway and railway transportation that is eco-friendly. Because increase of road freight brings about road congestion and accident, logistics cost, air pollution and green house gases. Railways are superior to all other modes of transport in mass transportability, high speed, timeliness, safety and environmental-friendliness, but the railway industry has been pushed behind in competition. In developed country's government actively promoted relevant legislation, policies, and countermeasures known as modal shift policies to shift freight transport from road to large volume mode such as railway and ship. In this paper, we discuss the current situation in modal shift, compare it with cases in other countries EU and Japan, identify problems in Korea, and propose the following ways to enhance competitiveness of rail freight.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.16-21
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• 2015

Nitrous oxide($N_2O$) concentration in the atmosphere has been constantly increased by the human activities with industrial growth after the industrial revolution. One of factors to increase $N_2O$ concentration in the atmosphere is the $N_2O$ emission caused by the combustion of marine fuel. Especially, a sulfur component included in marine fuel oils is known as increasing the $N_2O$ formation in diesel combustion. Form this point of view, $N_2O$ emission from a ship is not negligible. On the other hand, Exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) that have thermal, chemical and dilution effect is effective method for reducing the NOx emission. In this study, an author investigated $N_2O$ reduction by using EGR on a direct injection diesel engine. The test engine was a 4-stroke diesel engine with maximum output of 12 kW at 2600rpm, and operating condition of the engine was a fixed load of 75%. The experimental oil was a blend-fuel that were adjusted with sulfur ratio of 3.5%, and EGR ratio of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. In conclusion, diesel fuel that contained 3.5% sulfur component increased $SO_2$ emission in exhaust gas, and increment of EGR ratio reduced NO emission. Moreover, $N_2O$ emission was decreased as over 50% at EGR ratio of 10% and reduced 100% at EGR ratio of 30% compared with $N_2O$ emission of 0% EGR ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2017

Recently, the world faces the environmental problem such as air pollution due to harmful gas discharged from car and abnormal climate due to the green-house gases increased by the discharge of $CO_2$. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), one of alternative for this problem, is less harmful, compared to the existing fossil fuel, as gaseous fuel, and less carbon in fuel ingredients and carbon dioxide generation rate relatively favorable more than the existing fuel. However, CNG fuel has the weakness of slow flame propagation speed and difficult fast burn. On the other hand, hydrogen does not include carbon in fuel ingredients, and does not discharge harmful gas such as CO and HC. Moreover, it has strength of quick burning velocity and ignition is possible with small ignition energy source and it's has wide Lean Flammability Limit. If using this hydrogen with CNG fuel, the characteristics of output and discharge gas is improved by the mixer's burning velocity improved, and, at the same time, is possible to have stable lean combustion with the reduction of $CO_2$ expected. Therefore, this research tries to identify the characteristics of engine and emission gas when mixing CNG fuel and hydrogen in each portion and burning them in spark igniting engine, and grasp the lean combustion limit and emission gas characteristics according and use it as the basic data of hydrogen-CNG premixed engine.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2016

Recently, the world faces the environmental problem such as air pollution due to harmful gas discharged from car and abnormal climate due to the green-house gases increased by the discharge of $CO_2$. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), one of alternative for this problem, is less harmful, compared to the existing fossil fuel, as gaseous fuel, and less carbon in fuel ingredients and carbon dioxide generation rate relatively favorable more than the existing fuel. However, CNG fuel has the weakness of slow flame propagation speed and difficult fast burn. On the other hand, hydrogen does not include carbon in fuel ingredients, and does not discharge harmful gas such as CO and HC. Moreover, it has strength of quick burning velocity and ignition is possible with small ignition energy source and it's has wide Lean Flammability Limit. If using this hydrogen with CNG fuel, the characteristics of output and discharge gas is improved by the mixer's burning velocity improved, and, at the same time, is possible to have stable lean combustion with the reduction of $CO_2$ expected. Therefore, this research tries to identify the characteristics of engine and emission gas when mixing CNG fuel and hydrogen in each portion and burning them in spark igniting engine, and grasp the combustion stability and emission gas characteristics according and use it as the basic data of hydrogen-CNG premixed engine.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.104-113
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• 2016

This study analyzes correlation between methane gas production and injection of food waste water to motivate to expand renewable energy as a way of GHG (Green House Gas) mitigation to achieve the national GHG target proposed for the climate agreement in Paris last year. Pretreatment of food waste water was processed with pH 6 at $35^{\circ}C$ and used the fixed-bed upflow type reactor with the porous media. As a result of operation of pilot-scaled bioreactor with food waste water, the methane gas production was 6 times higher than the methane gas production of control group with rain water. The average production of methane was $56{\ell}/day/m^3$ which is possible to produce $20m^3$ of methane in $1m^3$ of landfill. As a way of energy source, when it is applied to the landfill over $250,000m^3$, it is also able to achieve financial feasibility along with GHG reduction effect. GHG reductions of $250,000m^3$ scale landfill were assessed by registered CDM project and the annual amount of reductions was 40,000~50,000 $tCO_2e$.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.512-522
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• 2008

Ammonia is a major compound of odor in livestock house. To enhance the performance of ammonia oxidation (decomposition). the gas-liquid, two phase photocatalytic oxidation system was designed and prepared in this study. Commercial P-25 as $TiO_2$ catalyst was used for ammonia decomposition. V/P-25 catalyst prepared by sol gel method was also used for the removal of by-producted $NO_x$ in $NH_3$ oxidation reaction. When $TiO_2$ was used as a photocatalyst, the conversion to $N_2$ in ammonia decomposition reached above 90% until 200hr (The air flow rate of 4L/min with the ammonia concentration up to 25ppm.). However, considerable amounts of NO and $NO_2$ were formed as a result of $NH_3$ oxidation (as a by-product). Therefore, we added Vanadia impregnated $TiO_2$(P-25) catalyst for the removal of $NO_x$ at the end of reaction trail. The results of a pilot-scale operation were successful to achieve the simultaneous removal of $NH_3\;and\;NO_x$ about 81 and 87%, respectively.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.503-533
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the relationships among the energy consumption, renewable energy production, real gross regional domestic product(GRDP), and greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions. It uses the metropolitan city and province level data for Korea from 2010 to 2018, employing a panal vector autoregressive(VAR) model. We find that an increase in energy consumption has a limited impact on boosting renewable energy production or gross regional domestic product, while it leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. A rise in renewable energy production can increase gross regional domestic product, but it has no meaningful effects on energy consumption and the reduction of green house gas emissions. Our finding indicates that it is crucial to expand the supply of renewable energy as well as to decrease energy consumption in order to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reaching economic growth.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.923-946
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• 2007

The goal of this study is to analyse the effects of financial support by governmental on KERRP (Korea Emission Reduction Registration Project) in the case of descending clock auction. Result shows that about 60% of total reduction (612,000ton) can be achieved at the price of 8,000 Won/ton with the budget amount of 5 billion Won, if the benefit from energy saving by the project is not included. Also 100% of total reduction (1,015,713ton) can be achieved at the price of 4,900Won/ton, if the benefit from energy saving by the project is included. Because most projects get some benefits from the energy saving occurred by project performance, the financial support by government may not be needed. However, this type of support would be meaningful from the aspect of encouraging GHG (Green House Gas) reduction to be prepared for the potential obligation of national GHG reduction from 2013.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.176-185
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• 2018

As global warming accelerates, greenhouse gas reduction becomes more important. Carbon dioxide dry reforming is a promising green-house gas reduction technology that can obtain CO and $H_2$ which are high value-added materials by utilizing $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ which are greenhouse gases. However, there is a significant coking problem during operation of the dry reforming reactor. Because the carbon dioxide dry reforming is a strong endothermic reaction, the temperature of the reactor drops near the reactor inlet and causes coke formation. To solve this problem, it is important to ensure that the reaction takes place in a temperature range where coke production is minimized. In this study, we proposed a design method that can maintain reaction temperature in the region where the coke is rarely generated by using the new catalyst configuration method. The design method also optimizes the reactor by solving the optimization problem which minimizes the reactor length for a given reaction conversion by using the fuel flow rate, catalyst density, and output temperature by section as optimization variables.