• Applied Microscopy
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• v.51
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• pp.6.1-6.9
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• 2021

Histopathology is a well-established standard diagnosis employed for the majority of malignancies, including breast cancer. Nevertheless, despite training and standardization, it is considered operator-dependent and errors are still a concern. Fractal dimension analysis is a computational image processing technique that allows assessing the degree of complexity in patterns. We aimed here at providing a robust and easily attainable method for introducing computer-assisted techniques to histopathology laboratories. Slides from two databases were used: A) Breast Cancer Histopathological; and B) Grand Challenge on Breast Cancer Histology. Set A contained 2480 images from 24 patients with benign alterations, and 5429 images from 58 patients with breast cancer. Set B comprised 100 images of each type: normal tissue, benign alterations, in situ carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. All images were analyzed with the FracLac algorithm in the ImageJ computational environment to yield the box count fractal dimension (Db) results. Images on set A on 40x magnification were statistically different (p = 0.0003), whereas images on 400x did not present differences in their means. On set B, the mean Db values presented promising statistical differences when comparing. Normal and/or benign images to in situ and/or invasive carcinoma (all p < 0.0001). Interestingly, there was no difference when comparing normal tissue to benign alterations. These data corroborate with previous work in which fractal analysis allowed differentiating malignancies. Computer-aided diagnosis algorithms may beneficiate from using Db data; specific Db cut-off values may yield ~ 99% specificity in diagnosing breast cancer. Furthermore, the fact that it allows assessing tissue complexity, this tool may be used to understand the progression of the histological alterations in cancer.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine whether the difference in egg hatching temperature of Korea Reeves' turtle (Mauremys reevesii) at the artificial nursery of Seoul National Grand Park affects the incubation period and growth. A total of 201 eggs were incubated at 26 ℃ (n=89), 28 ℃ (n=75) and 32 ℃ (n=37). The incubation period of eggs showed significant differences according to the hatching temperature. In this study, the higher the hatching temperature, the higher the hatching rate. The incubation period of the eggs hatched at 26 ℃, 28 ℃ and 32 ℃ was 66.1 (±4.0, n = 52) days, 65.3 (±3.3, n = 44) days and 58.8 (±7.7, n = 31) days, respectively. Eggs incubated at 32 ℃ (83.8%) had a higher hatching success than those at 26 ℃ (58.4%) and 28 ℃ (58.7%). The body mass of 14-day-old hatchlings incubated at 32 ℃ was greater than those incubated at 26 ℃ and 28 ℃. However, there was no significant difference in the mean body mass of 180 and 270-day-old turtles hatched at these different temperatures. This study showed that the hatching temperature significantly affected the incubation period and body mass in the early life of the Korea Reeves' turtle (M. reevesii).

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.155-190
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• 2018

The paper has focused on the 20 Iching-hexagrams from the eleventh t'ai[ ] to the final one of the Upper Book li[離] to examine the principles of learning and education involved in Xugua zhuan[序卦傳], the Ordinal Sequence of the Hexagrams as one among Ten Wings in I Ching. Some implications involved in this part of the Book of Change provides us with numerous teachings and educational principles. I try to concisely note the three teachings of the major argument as shown in the paper. Firstly, we should take the process of learning as the circular system of thought[環 相型], not as the linear system assuming the final destination like the Final Cause in the Aristotelian teleology. In the same token, the process of learning should be regarded as 'initiation', which has been initially adopted to justify the concept of education by R. S. Peters. As a circular system, there are two kinds of initiation. The one sense is 'crossing the threshold of illiteracy' seen as 'small initiation', which apprehends the points of argument in the previous paper, namely, on hexagrams from ch'ien[乾] to t'ai[泰]. The other sense is 'getting on the inside of the worthwhile activities', seen as 'Grand Initiation', which apprehend the present points of argument. Secondly, as shown in the paper, the Book enables us to recognize the process of learning as 'Seeing What Is There'. This requires us the Principles of Mean and Perfection, which are to be taken differently from the Western ones. For this a learner should always hold the endless self-reflection and attitude to re-examine the original intention of one's own, whilst he is involved in the task of learning. Finally, we should take the Principles of Change seriously, such as extremity-reversibility[物極必反] and the sense of conformity, in order that we can establish the proper educational principles to tackle the social domains of learning as well as the personal ones.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective school dental health education for dental caries prevention， relation knowledge of class, feeding practice and snack intake preference actual conditions, food and caries executed investigation by own recording way using questionnaire consisted of dental health education awareness to some business world man high school locating in Kyonggi Province. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence The obtain result were as follows 1. Results about habit of breakfast was the most by 36.1% a student who have breakfast every day, and a student who hardly eat dominated 32.9%. Second-year student hardly had breakfast (p<.01). 2. A student who answer that snack kind that often eat was cookies and snack kind was the most by 37.2%, and a student who answer that symbol drink was a carbonated drink was the most by 50.9%. 3. Relation knowledge degree appeared grand mean among 18 points perfect score by 12.36 with food and caries. Third-year student knowledge degree was the highest, and second-year student was the lowest knowledge degree by class (p<.01). 4. Existence and nonexistence of experience of dental health education appeared a student who experience that take dental health education does not exist by 57.1%. There was experience that take dental health education as class is low by class, and as class is high, experience did not exists (p<.05). 5. Time that take dental health education for the first time was the most by 56.7% a student who respond 'Babyhood', grade in school is low by class 'Babyhood', and is high by class responded 'Middle school'(p<.05). 6. Awareness of dental health education necessity 'may educate dental health and does not' a student 56.3%, half was looked attitude which students who exceed are insincere about dental health education necessity. 7. When educate dental health, contents was the most by 44.6% 'brushing and mouth article directions' to be educated importantly, and was expose by caries 31.2%, gum disease 10.1%, scaling 9.0%, prosthetic dentistry and implant 5.1% period of ten days, third-year student 50.8% said that 'brushing and mouth article directions' is important (p<.05). Dental health education is practiced during life, and is a teaching that should be remembered. Need to develop epoch-making and interesting education program that is correct in subject to do as quickly as possible, and should be achieved major road of dental hygienist. Dental hygienist will have to settle as quickly as possible as expert of prevention that is natural business and education and help in dental health education development under effort between country and dental association effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2002

This study was aimed at identifying on the state and knowledge toward smoking and passive smoking in middle school students. The data were collected from 6th. to 18th. August, 2001. Subject were 125 middle school students who were participated in the Smoking Cessation Program of S Health Agency in Busan. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program for frequency, percent, mean, and chi-square test. The smoking related state and attitude of subjects were as follows; the nurmber of the smoking students are 10(8.0 %) at present, 19(15.2 %) at past experience, 53(42.4 %) having at present smoking friends, 73(58.4 %) having at present smoking family. Also the smoking starting time of present or past smoking experience was the middle school; 12(9.6 %) and elementary school; 11(8.8 %). They started because of the peer group members; 12(9.6 %), curiosity; 8(6.4 %), and looking good; 7(5.6 %). The passive smoking related state and attitude of subjects were as follows; the number of the passive smoking aware rates are very well level; 71(56.8 %), well level; 54(43.2 %). The exposed experience to passive smoking was always; 38(30.4 %), sometimes; 86(68.8 %), not experience; 1(0.8 5). The place of exposure to passive smoking was game rooms; 67(53.6 %), house; 30(24.0 %), fast food place or cafeteria; 10(8.0 %), and street or in a vehicle ; 3(2.4 %). The main smoker to passive smoking exposure was unknown person; 61(48.8 %), grand parents or parents; 43(34.4 %), brothers or friends; 8(6.4 %), teachers; 4(3.2 %). The chief complant of passive smoking exposure was dyspnea; 36(28.8 %), coughing; 34(27.2 5), dizziness; 21(16.8 %), no symptom; 18(14.4 %). The mostly affected smoker to passive smoking exposure was parents; 52(41.6 %), brothers or friends; 48(38.4 %). The health affected perception to passive smoking exposure was very affected; 109(87.2 %), not affected; 3(2.4 %). In conclusion, it can be well recognized that considerable number of middle school students is exposed to the passive smoking in their homes and by unknown persons, but, their knowledge and attitude toward the exposure to passive smoking is not effective. Therefore, it is hoped that regular smoking education program at school and restriction campaign in home and the public place is necessary.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2013

In this research, the degree of depression and death orientation of the 332 female students majoring in dental hygiene at colleges located in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province were examined and analyzed through a structured self-administered questionnaire from May to July, 2012, for the purpose of improving their mental health. The results are as follows: 1. The degree of depression of the subject students majoring in dental hygiene was shown that 59.9%, 36.8%, 3.0%, and 0.3% of the students were in the normal group, mild depression group, moderate level of depression group, and severe depression group, respectively. 2. The grand mean and the standard deviation of the subjects'death orientation was $2.09{\pm}0.62$ points. 3. The degree of depression of the subjects whose family's economic level was low, whose satisfaction with their family background was low, whose satisfaction level with their major was low, whose school records was low, who frequently thought about death, and who attempted suicide was high in a meaningful way, and death orientation was meaningfully low. In addition, those in the group with the experience of feeling suicidal were proved to have a significantly high degree of depression, and those without the experience of education about death had a low level of death orientation. 4. The degree of depression and death orientation had a positive correlation. When the study results above are combined, follow-up research needs to be conducted so that differentiated programs linked with the care for mental health for the formation of proper attitudes toward depression and death will be established to help students lead a positive life.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1222-1240
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the vocational values and the career orientation of science between middle school scientifically gifted students and non-gifted students. The subjects were 85 middle school scientifically gifted students and 139 middle school non-gifted students. For this purpose, the questionnaires about vocational values and science career orientation were administered. The results of this study were as follows: First, the vocational values between two groups were significantly different in 'diversity', 'reward', 'social recognition' and 'autonomy' among all 11 domains. 'Diversity' and 'autonomy' showed the highest scores for scientifically gifted students. On the other hand, for the non-gifted students, 'reward' and 'social recognition' showed the highest scores. Second, the grand mean of the science career orientation between two groups showed significant differences. The average of scientifically gifted students was significantly higher than that of the non-gifted students in all four sub-domains. Third, the main effect of the vocational values according to gender did not exist, but there were main effects, including diversity, reward, stability, social recognition and autonomy, between two groups. There was no interaction effect between group and gender in the vocational values. Fourth, there were interaction effects between group and gender in the science career orientation. The main effects existed in four sub-domains of science career orientation. However, according to gender, the main effect existed in the sub-domain 'job preference for science' between the male students and the female students.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.252-261
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• 2013

The common speech recognition system displays higher recognition performance in a quiet environment, while its performance declines sharply in a real environment where there are noises. To implement a speech recognizer that is robust in different speech settings, this study suggests the method of Parallel Model Combination adaptation using frequency-variant based on environment-awareness (FV-PMC), which uses variants in frequency; acquires the environmental data for speech recognition; applies it to upgrading the speech recognition model; and promotes its performance enhancement. This FV-PMC performs the speech recognition with the recognition model which is generated as followings: i) calculating the average frequency variant in advance among the readily-classified noise groups and setting it as a threshold value; ii) recalculating the frequency variant among noise groups when speech with unknown noises are input; iii) regarding the speech higher than the threshold value of the relevant group as the speech including the noise of its group; and iv) using the speech that includes this noise group. When noises were classified with the proposed FV-PMC, the average accuracy of classification was 56%, and the results from the speech recognition experiments showed the average recognition rate of Set A was 79.05%, the rate of Set B 79.43%m, and the rate of Set C 83.37% respectively. The grand mean of recognition rate was 80.62%, which demonstrates 5.69% more improved effects than the recognition rate of 74.93% of the existing Parallel Model Combination with a clear model, meaning that the proposed method is effective.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.80-91
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• 2019

Korean society is now in the 2017 system. The zeitgeist is now hoping to move into a society where the right to pursue happiness centered on democracy, human rights, and peace is recognized, and to the era of the fourth industrial revolution. The paradigm shifts in the education arena began before the start of this socio-political system. The educational autonomy centered on the progressive education superintendent is accelerating the influx of alternative education, which is part of the civic education movement, through public school reforms. It can be seen that not only the progressive camp but also the conservative government emphasized educational policies such as the liberal semester system, which was gradually adopted by the government. For education that is appropriate for a rapidly changing society, it is necessary to discuss about educational grand-discourse that can alternate current public education. Although it does not mean only one discourse, it is a necessary process to systematically consider alternate education of public education and to suggest the direction for future education. In this regard, this study aims to introduce the discourse that can produce critical consciousness and creativity that emphasize the praxis and practice through critical pedagogy and bricolage.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Smoking has become one of the public health harzard affecting the world. In the UK, smoking is responsible for around one in five deaths. The illnesses caused by smoking extend beyond the well-reported links with cancer, heart disease and respiratory illnesses. Hence the research to determine the awareness of the predisposing factor to smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. This is because descriptive studies are used when the characteristics of a population are either unknown or partially known (Hennekens & Buring, 2007), and it was used by Ganley and Rosario (2013) in a related research this justified the use of similar design in a study of similar nature.Two hundred and seventy returned questionnaire was collected, analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. There was statistical significant influence or relationship with marital status on the predisposing factors of smoking chi-square of 19716.516 greater than the critical value 43.77297at df 30 p<0.05. There were statistical significance chi-square =27468.348 which is greater than the critical value 43.77297 at df= 30. These show that there is a relationship on gender awareness of predisposing factors to smoking rejecting the null hypotheses. The respondents across different lever/year higher institution shows that the awareness of predisposing factors of smoking there were a statistical significance difference chi-square =7168.429 (df=88) greater than critical value 102.342 rejecting the null hypotheses. There is consistent evidence that links exposure to depictions of smoking in movies and initiation of smoking in young people. Over the years television shows and films have effectively built up associations between smoking and glamour, sex and risk-taking. Social learning theory describes how we learn by example from others. We are strongly influenced by our parents, and other people we look up to, such as peers, actors and pop stars. This can lead us to emulate their behaviour and try smoking.