• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Objectives : Hyeonggaeyeongyotang Gagambang (HYT) is a herbal medicine prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but it is necessary to study the exact therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflmmatory activities of HYT. Methods : Antibacterial activity of HYT was confirmed by staining Escherichia coli, a gram negative strain, and Staphylococcus aureus, a gram positive strain, on solid Lysogeny Broth (LB) medium containing HYT. Antioxidant activity of HYT was confirmed by 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay. The phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment with HYT-treated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages cells was confirmed by immunoblot analysis and the level of interleukin 1 beta (IL-$1{\beta}$) mRNA expression level was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results : HYT showed a concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and also showed excellent antioxidant activity. HYT treatment attenuated the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages cells. The phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$is crucial for the regulation of the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA expression level of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages cells stimulated by LPS treatment was also inhibited by HYT treatment. Conclusions : Through experimental demonstration of the antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of HYT, we demonstrated that HYT is a herbal medicine effective for the treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by various bacterial infections.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2015

Enterococcus faecalis는 그람 양성의 조건 혐기성 세균으로 원내감염의 주요 원인균 중의 하나이다. E. faecalis에 특이적인 신규 박테리오파지 ECP3를 환경에서 분리하여 형태와 유전적 특성을 규명하였다. ECP3 파지는 형태적으로 수축성 꼬리를 갖는 미오비리대 과에 속하며 E. faecalis를 특이적으로 사멸하지만 Enterococcus faecium를 포함한 다른 세균은 사멸시키지 않았다. ECP3 파지의 게놈은 이중 선형 DNA로 GC 함량이 35.9%이었으며 크기가 145,518 bp이며 220개의 구조유전자로 구성되어 있었다. ECP3 게놈과 가장 유사한 염기서열은 미오비리대 PhiEF24C 파지이었으며 전체 게놈 90%의 영역에서 97%의 유사도를 보였다. ECP3 파지는 한국에서 처음 분리된 E. faecalis 미오비리대 파지이며 E. faecalis 감염에 대한 신규 항균제로서 유망하다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2009

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to identify risk factors and clinical signs associated with parasitic helminth infections of cattle in Mymensignh district of Bangladesh. A nonrandom convenience sampling method was used to select 138 animals from 40 farmers/herds. The eggs per gram of faeces (epg) for nematodes and trematodes were determined by McMaster and Stoll's methods respectively. Animal-level and herd-level data were recorded by means of a questionnaire. Multi-collinearity amongst explanatory variables were assessed using $2{\times}2{\times}\;X^2$ test and one variable in a pair was dropped if $P{\leq}0.05$ formultiple logistic regression models. Association study between outcome and explanatory variables was conducted using classification tree, random forests and multiple logistic regression. A positive epg was considered as infected. Analyses were performed using $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled and $R^{(R)}$, Version 2.3.0. Seventy eight percent of the cattle were found to be infected with at least one type of helminth. Twenty four pairs of combinations of explanatory variables showed significant associations. Male animals (OR=3.3, P=.006, 95% CI=1.4, 7.7) were associated with significantly increased prevalence of nematode infection. Female cattle of the study area are mostly cross-breed, kept indoor, fed relatively good diet and not used for draught purpose. Males are used for draught purpose thereby more exposed to nematode infective stage and provided with relatively poor diet. So stressed male cattle may become more susceptible to nematode infection. All of the three statistical techniques selected gender and lumen motility as most important variables in association with nematode infection in cattle. The result of this survey can only be extrapolated to the periurban cattle population of traditional management system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2022

The spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, has increased due to the frequent use of antibiotics. Inhibition of the quorum-sensing systems of biofilm-producing strains using plant extracts represents an efficient approach for controlling infections. Torilis japonica is a medicinal herb showing various bioactivities; however, no studies have reported the anti-biofilm effects of T. japonica extracts against drug-resistant S. aureus. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of T. japonica ethanol extract (TJE) on biofilm production in methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) KCTC 1927, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) KCCM 40510, and MRSA KCCM 40511. Biofilm assays showed that TJE could inhibit biofilm formation in all strains. Furthermore, the hemolysis of sheep blood was found to be reduced when the strains were treated with TJE. The mRNA expression of agrA, sarA, icaA, hla, and RNAIII was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to determine the effect of TJE on the regulation of genes encoding quorum sensing-related virulence factors in MSSA and MRSA. The expression of hla reduced in a concentration-dependent manner upon treatment with TJE. Moreover, the expression levels of other genes were significantly reduced compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, TJE can suppress biofilm formation and virulence factor-related gene expression in MSSA and MRSA strains. The extract may therefore be used to develop treatments for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2012

목적: 소아 복막 투석 환자에서 복막염의 특징과 International Society for Peritoneal dialysis의 가이드라인에 따른 경험적 항생제 치료가 적절한지 분석하였다. 방법: 2000년 3월부터 2012년 2월까지 서울아산병원 소아과에서 복막 투석을 한 경험이 있는 72명의 환자들을 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 복막 투석을 받은 32명의 환자에서 79회의 복막염이 발생하여 발생빈도는 0.43회/환자 년이었고 복막 투석 방식에 따른 복막염의 발생 빈도는 차이가 없었다(P=0.459). 또한 21명의 환자가 51회의 복막 도관 감염을 경험하였고 도관 감염의 발생 빈도는 0.28회/환자 년이었다. 복막 도관 감염에 따른 복막염의 발생 빈도는 차이가 없었다(P=0.721). 79회의 복막염 중 68.4%에서 균이 동정되었으며, 그람 양성균 중 85.3%가 ${\beta}$-lactam계 항생제에 감수성이 있었고 그람 음성 막대균 중 94.7%가 ceftazidime에 감수성이 있었다. 균이 동정되지 않은 복막염 중에는 92.0%에서 cefazolin과 ceftazidme에 치료 반응을 보였다. 결론: 복막 투석 환자에서 복막염의 발생 빈도는 0.43회/환자 년이었고, 복막염에 대한 치료로 cefazolin과 ceftazidime의 초기 경험적 항생제 투여는 복막염의 91.1%에서 적절하였다. 그러나 내성 균주에 대한 지속적인 감시가 필요하다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.199-204
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• 1992

A 46 years old male showed radiologically a single cavitary nodular lesion in right upper lung, which extended to the regional chest wall. This finding has to be made into differential diagnosis of numerous pulmonary diseases including infections such as mycobacterial, fungal or bacterial, granulomatous diseases, and neoplasms. For the definite diagnosis, fine needle aspiration biopsy guided by biplane fluoroscopy was performed. The aspirates contained several sulfur granules, in the center of which many gram positive, filamentous organisms were compactly intermingled. Such a findings was compatible with pulmonary actinomycosis. Now the lesions is cleared out by medical treatment with amoxicillin for 3 months.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.653-656
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• 2010

$Listeria$ $monocytogenes$ is a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus that is isolated from the soil, vegetables, and wild or domestic animals. Listeria occurs predominantly in the elderly, immunocompromised patients, pregnant women and newborns. Infections by this microorganism are rare in healthy infants and children. $L.$ $monocytogenes$ may cause meningitis, meningoencephalitis, brain abscess, pyogenic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and liver abscesses in children. The course of meningoencephalitis by listeria is often severe and even fatal. Acute hydrocephalus can develop as a complication and the mortality associated with listeriosis is significantly high. We present a case of meningoencephalitis caused by $L.$ $monocytogenes$ in a previously healthy 7-year-old girl.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.48-50
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• 2014

Brucellosis is caused by gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, facultative, intracellular coccobacilli belonging to the genus Brucella. A 50-year-old man working as an employee was admitted to neurosurgery clinic with severe low back, radicular right leg pain and hypoesthesia in right L4-5 dermatomes for 2 months. Brucella tube agglutination (Wright) test was positive in serum sample of the patient with a titer of 1/640. Brucella melitensis was isolated from blood culture. X-ray and MRI of the lomber spine showed massive collapse of L4 vertebral body. Neural tissue was decompressed and then posterior L3-5 short segment transpedicular screw fixation and stabilization was performed. Brucella melitensis was isolated from microbiologic culture of pathologic specimen. Antibiotic therapy was given as doxycycline 200 mg/day and rifampicin 600 mg/day for 6 months. Brucellosis is a systemic zoonotic infection and still an important public health problem in many geographical parts of the world. Vertebral body collapse caused by brucellosis occurs very rarely but represents a neurosurgical emergency because of its potential for causing rapidly progressive spinal cord compression and permanent paralysis. Neurosurgeons, emergency department personnel as well as infectious disease specialists should always keep a high index of suspicion and include brucellosis in the differential diagnosis of vertebral body collapse.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.296-301
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• 1998

Flavobacterium species are nonfastidious, oxidase-positive gram-negative rods that do not ferment glucose. These organism are widely distributed in nature and in hospital environments. In past, one of flavobacteria, Flavobacterium indologenes, was treated with non-pathogenic organism. Recently, several investigators have demonstrated the infection of this organism in human. Nowadays, the growth of F. indologenes in specimen should be considered a potential pathogen in infectious patients including neonate, especially in the setting of malignancy and with use of invasive procedures. The resistance of this organism to multiple antibiotics and the high incidence of polymicrobial bacteremia make it difficult to determine optimal therapeutic options. We experienced a case of neonatal bacterial meningitis causing by F. indologenes. So we report this case to evoke more concerns about the infections of this organism in human.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

Cranberries have long been used by lay people to relieve the symptoms of urinary tract infections. Recent research has determined that the component of cranberry called proanthocyanidin (PAC) is the primary mechanism for inhibiting P-fimbriated E.coli adhesion to uroepithelial cells in vitro. A series of experiments were performed to determine the effects of PAC on growth and adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus to urinary catheter material. The results showed that PAC-inhibited binding of Gram positive S. aureus to collagen coated surfaces and significantly decreased the growth of these bacteria. P-fimbriated E.coli did not bind well to the biomaterial and their growth was unaffected by the cranberry extract with the exception of some loss in viability at 1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL after 5 to 18 hours of exposure. This is the first report of the potential for cranberries to interfere with the adhesion and growth of S. aureus, a multi-drug resistant organisms responsible for morbidity and mortality especially in hospitalized patients.