Korean Journal of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회)
권호 표지

Prevalence and risk factors of helminth infections in cattle of Bangladesh

  • Rahman, A.K.M.A. (Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University) ;
  • Begum, N. (Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University) ;
  • Nooruddin, M. (Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University) ;
  • Rahman, Md. Siddiqur (Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University) ;
  • Hossain, M.A. (Department of Paediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi University) ;
  • Song, Hee-Jong (Department of Infectious Diseases & Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University)
  • Published : 2009.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to identify risk factors and clinical signs associated with parasitic helminth infections of cattle in Mymensignh district of Bangladesh. A nonrandom convenience sampling method was used to select 138 animals from 40 farmers/herds. The eggs per gram of faeces (epg) for nematodes and trematodes were determined by McMaster and Stoll's methods respectively. Animal-level and herd-level data were recorded by means of a questionnaire. Multi-collinearity amongst explanatory variables were assessed using $2{\times}2{\times}\;X^2$ test and one variable in a pair was dropped if $P{\leq}0.05$ formultiple logistic regression models. Association study between outcome and explanatory variables was conducted using classification tree, random forests and multiple logistic regression. A positive epg was considered as infected. Analyses were performed using $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled and $R^{(R)}$, Version 2.3.0. Seventy eight percent of the cattle were found to be infected with at least one type of helminth. Twenty four pairs of combinations of explanatory variables showed significant associations. Male animals (OR=3.3, P=.006, 95% CI=1.4, 7.7) were associated with significantly increased prevalence of nematode infection. Female cattle of the study area are mostly cross-breed, kept indoor, fed relatively good diet and not used for draught purpose. Males are used for draught purpose thereby more exposed to nematode infective stage and provided with relatively poor diet. So stressed male cattle may become more susceptible to nematode infection. All of the three statistical techniques selected gender and lumen motility as most important variables in association with nematode infection in cattle. The result of this survey can only be extrapolated to the periurban cattle population of traditional management system.

Keywords

References

  1. Annour J, Urquhart GM. 1974. The control of helminthiasis in ruminants. Review. Br Vet J 130: 99-109
  2. Bari ASM, Talukder JR, Wadud A. 1991. lncidence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle of Bangladesh Agricul tural University Dairy Fann. Prog Agricult 2(2): 93-94
  3. Begum N, Sarker MAS, Majumder S, Nooruddin M, Ehsan MA. 2003. Ecology of pre-parasitic stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants. Bangladesh Vet J 20(2): 80-87
  4. Breiman L, Cutler A. 2003. RFtools-for predicting and understanding data. www.stat.berkeley.edu/users/brei-man/RFtools
  5. Breiman L. 2001. Random Forests. Machine Learning 45: 5-32 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324
  6. Chowdhury SMZH, Mondal MH, Huq S, Rahman MH. 1994. Prevalence of Fasciola cercariae in Lymnaeid snails in Bangladesh. Aust J Anim Sci 7(3): 401-403
  7. Cringoli G, Rinaldi L, Veneziano V, Capelli G, Malone JB. 2002. A cross-sectional coprological survey of liver flukes ín cattle and sheep from an area of the southem ltalian Apennines. Vet Parasitol 108(2): 137-143 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00183-8
  8. Dohoo IR, Ducrot C, Fourichon C, Donald A, Humik D. 1996. An overview of techniques for dealing with large numbers of independent variables in epidemiologic studies. Prev Vet Med 29: 221-239 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01074-4
  9. Dohoo IR, Martin W, Stryhn H. 2003. Veterinary epidemiologic research. AVC Inc. Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
  10. FAO STAT 2003. FAO statistics database on the world wide web. http://appa.fao.org/ (accessed February, 2003)
  11. Garrels G. 1975. Gastro-intestinal parasitic infestation of cattle in some villages of Dhaka and Tangail districts of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Vet J 9(1-4): 9-10
  12. Houdijk JGM., Athanasiadou SA. 2003. Direct and indirect effects of host nutrition on ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International symposium on thε nutrition of herbivores, Merida, Mexico
  13. Howlader MMR, Chowdhury MSZH, Taimur MJFA, Jahan S. 1990. Fluke infestations of cattle in some selected villages of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Vet J 7(1): 45-47
  14. Keyyu JD, Monrad J, Kyvsgaard NC, Kassuku AA. 2005. Epidemiology of Fasciola gigantica and amphistomes in cattle on traditional, small-scale dairy and large scale dairy farms in the southern highlands of Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod 37(4): 303-314 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-005-5688-7
  15. Maichomo MW, Kagira JM, Walker T. 2004. The point prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in calves, sheep and goats in Magadi division, south-western Kenya. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 71(4): 257-261
  16. Martin SW, Meek AH, Willeberg P. 1994. Veterinary epidemiology: Principles and methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa
  17. Molina EC, Gongaga EA, Lumbao LA, 2005. Prevalence of infection with Fasciola gigantica and its relationship to carcase and liver weights, and fluke and egg counts in slaughter cattle and buffaloes in southern Mindanao, Philippines. Trop Anim Health Prod 37: 215-221 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TROP.0000049294.87048.48
  18. Pfukenyi DM, Mukaratirwa S, Wi1lingham AL, Monrad J. 2005. Epidemiological studies of amphistome infections in cattle in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 72(1): 67-86
  19. Pfukenyi DM, Mukaratirwa S, Wil1ingham AL, Monrad J. 2006. Epidemiological studies of Fasciola gigantica infections in cattle in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 73: 37-51
  20. Phiri AM, Phiri I K, Sikasunge CS, Monrad J. 2005. Prevalence of fascioliasis in Zambian cattle observed at selected abattoirs with emphasis on age, sex and origin. J Vet Med B lnfect Dis Vet Public Health 52(9): 414-416 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00872.x
  21. Prasad AM, Iverson LR, Liaw CR. 2006. Newer classification and regression tree techniques: Bagging and random forests for ecological predictions. Ecosystems 9: 181-199 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0054-1
  22. Rahman MH, Mondal MMH. 1983. Helminth parasites of cattle (Bos indicus) in Bangladesh. lnd J Parasitol 7(2): 173-174
  23. Soulsby EJL. 1982. Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals 7 eds. Bailliere Tindal. England
  24. Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, Mfoukou-Ntsakala A, Aerts M, Hens N, Huylenbroeck GV, Thys E. 2004. Classification trees versus multinomial models in the analysis of urban farming systems in central Africa
  25. Thrusfield M. 1995. Veterinary epidemiology. 2 eds. Blackwell Science ltd. UK