• 생태와환경
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.42-57
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• 2011

We described the above-ground plant species composition and measured a range of soil physico-chemical properties and the composition and size of the soil seed bank in the remnant natural vegetations on the flood plains of the Han River within Seoul, South Korea. We used analysis of variance and multivariate analyses to analyse the data and S${\o}$rensen's similarity index to compare the composition of the vegetation and seed banks. The soils were circum-neutral and composed of mainly sand and silt fractions with a very limited clay component; a gradient based on sand/clay proportions was identified. The soil seed banks varied markedly between- and within-sites and had much greater species diversity than the above-ground vegetation. Two of the major dominants in the vegetation (Miscanthus saccariflorus and Phragmites australis) were found at very low densities in the seed bank. The site differences appeared to be correlated with the sand-clay gradient, suggesting that the soil properties differentially affected seed inputs into the soil, or that the processes than controlled sediment deposition during floods was also important in differentially affecting seed deposition. Lastly, there was relatively little similarity between the vegetation, dominated mainly by perennials, and the seed bank which contained a relatively large proportion of annuals and biennials. This result suggests that after disturbance caused by flooding there is the potential for many other species to colonize. This may impinge on the regeneration potential of the sites and cause concern for the future conservation of these important remnants of natural vegetation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2014

터빈의 운전온도와 세라믹 입자크기를 고려한 경사기능재료(FGM)로 만들어진 회전하는 가스터빈 블레이드의 열전달해석 및 응력해석을 수행하였다. 경사기능성 블레이드는 벽 두께에 따라서 연속적인 재료물성 변화를 나타낸다. 이러한 경사기능재료의 특성과 온도에 따른 열전 재료물성 변화를 고려하여 블레이드의 시스템 강성을 얻기 위해 블레이드의 열전달해석을 먼저 수행하였다. 이 열전달해석으로 얻은 시스템 강성으로부터 복합 변형 변수를 사용한 회전하는 가스터빈 블레이드의 운동방정식을 유도하였다. 유도된 운동방정식은 상용 유한요소 모델과 해석결과 비교를 통해 그 정확성을 입증하였으며 회전주파수와 구배 지수에 따른 최대 응력의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한, 열전달해석을 통해 가장 낮은 블레이드 온도를 나타내는 구배 지수를 조사하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.581-591
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 주파수 및 공간 도메인 상에서 선호 분석에 장점이 있는 웨이블릿 기반의 영상 융합 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 개발된 알고리듬은 레이더 영상 신호와 광학 영상 신호의 상대적인 크기를 비교하여 상대적으로 신호 크기가 큰 경우에는 레이더 영상 신호를 융합 영상에 할당하고 크기가 작은 경우에는 레이더 영상 신호와 광학 영상 선호의 가중치 합으로 융합 영상 신호를 결정한다. 사용되는 융합 규칙은 두 영상 신호의 상대적인 신호 비(ratio) 영상 그레디언트, 로컬 영역의 분산 특성을 동시에 고려한다. Ikonos 위성 영상과 TerraSAR-X 위성 영상을 이용한 실험에서 상대적으로 신호 크기가 큰 레이더 신호 만을 융합 영상에 할당하는 기존 방법에 비해 entropy, image clarity, spatial frequency, speckle index 측면에서 우수한 융합 결과를 얻었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1999

위성에서 관측된 다 대역 위성영상 데이터를 이용목적에 따라 분류하기 위해서는 복잡한 처리과정과 많은 시간을 필요로 하며, 감독분류시 훈련 데이터의 선택과 고려되는 다양한 특징 값들은 분류 정확도를 좌우할 만큼 민감한 특성을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 훈련데이터의 선택과 다양한 특징 값들 중 실제 영상분류에 기여도가 높은 특징을 추출하기 위하여 퍼지 기반의 $\gamma$모델을 이용한 분류네트웍을 구성하였다. 훈련집합 선택시 분류하고자 하는 지역의 밝기 분포도, 텍스쳐 특징 그리고 NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)를 분류에 사용될 특징으로 선택하였고, 분류네트웍 출력 값의 오류가 최소화 되도록 Gradient Desoent 방법을 이용하여 각 노드의 $\gamma$파라미터를 훈련시키는 과정을 채택하였다. 이러한 훈련을 통하여 얻어진 파라미터를 이용하면 각 노드의 연결특성을 알 수 있으며, 다양한 입력 노드의 특징들 중 영상분류에 기여도가 적은 특징들을 추출하여 제거할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2017

Among the possible stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) modalities used to treat patients with metastatic spinal tumors, this study compared Cyberknife, tomotherapy, and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT). We established treatment plans for each of them modality and quantitatively analyzed the dose evaluation factors of the dose-volume histogram (DVH) for all spinal bones, focusing on the tumor and spinal cord, in order to examine the usefulness of VMAT. For the treatment planning dose, the mean dose ($D_{max}$) and $D_{5%}$ showed statistical differences in the target dose, but no difference was shown in the spinal cord dose. For the DVH indices, tomotherapy showed the best performance was the best in terms of uniformity index, while VMAT showed better performance was better than the other two modalities in terms of the conformity index and the dose gradient index. VMAT had a much shorter treatment time than Cyberknife and tomotherapy. These findings suggest that VMAT FFF is the most effective therapy for SBRT of patients with metastatic spinal tumors for whom a high dose of radiation is prescribed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3816-3823
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• 2022

This work analyzed the dosimetric difference between the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), partial/single/double-arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (PA/SA/DA-VMAT) techniques in treatment planning for treating more than one target of lung cancer at different isocenters. IMRT and VMAT plans at different isocenters were created systematically using a Harold heterogeneous lung phantom. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), dose-volume histogram and mean and maximum dose of the PTV were calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, the dose-volume histogram and mean and maximum doses of the OARs such as right lung, contralateral lung and non GTV were determined from the plans. The IMRT plans showed the superior target dose coverage, higher mean and maximum values than other VMAT techniques. PA-VMAT technique shows more lung sparing and DA-VMAT increases the V_5/10/20 values of contralateral lung than other VMAT and IMRT techniques. The IMRT technique achieves highly conformal dose distribution to the target than other VMAT techniques. Comparing to the IMRT plans, the higher V_5/10/20 and mean lung dose were observed in the contralateral lung in the DA-VMAT.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

목 적: 토모테라피 치료 계획 시 여러 가지 다양한 빔 조절 인자들의 수정으로 얻어진 각각의 치료 계획 결과를 특정한 선량체적 히스토그램 표지자(DVH-Index)를 이용하여 치료 전에 비교 함으로써 최적의 치료 계획을 효율적으로 도출할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 대상 및 방법: 토모테라피 적응증례를 가진 3명의 환자(두경부, 복부, 골반부)를 대상으로 치료 전 PQ 5000 (CT simulator, Philips)을 이용하여 전산화 단층 촬영영상을 얻었고, pinnacle ver 7.6c (3D RTP, ADAC)에서 종양 조직과 정상조직의 윤곽선을 묘사하여 토모 치료계획 장비(hi-art system ver 2.0)로 전송한 후 빔 조사야, 피치 혹은 중요도를 각기 다르게 설정하고 치료 계획을 실시하였다. 각각의 치료 계획은 종양 부위와 정상 부위의 선량 통계량(최대선량, 최소선량, 평균선량, 선량체적)을 구하여 치료 적절성을 비교하였고 또한 선량 체적 히스토그램을 이용하여 종양 표적 내의 균일성 지수(homogeneity index, HI), 종양 표적에 대한 선량 조형 지수(conformity index, CI), 정상 조직에서의 선량 감소 지수(dose gradient index, DGI)를 이용하여 치료 계획을 비교한 후 두 가지 비교 결과의 유사성을 확인 하였다. 결 과: 3명의 환자를 대상으로 각각 시행한 3가지 치료 계획을 등 선량 분포와 선량 통계량을 통해 비교한 결과와 선량 체적 히스토그램 표지자를 이용한 치료 계획의 비교 결과 두부, 복부와 골반부에 치료 부위를 가진 환자에 있어서 모두 동일한 치료계획을 우월하게 판정하였다. 결 론: 토모테라피의 치료 계획 비교 시 선량 체적 히스토그램의 표지자를 이용한 방법은 특정한 치료 목표에 따라 다소간의 차이를 나타낼 순 있으나 종양 조직에 대한 선량분포의 적절성과 전체적인 정상조직의 고 선량 위험도를 반영함으로써 다수의 치료계획을 단시간에 상호 비교 검증 할 수 있는 적절한 방법으로 사료 된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2004

This research is concerned with the development of a real-time adaptive PPF controller for the active vibration suppression of smart structure. In general, the tuning of the PPF controller is carried out off-line. In this research, the real-time learning algorithm is developed to find the optimal filter frequency of the PPF controller in real time and the efficacy of the algorithm is proved by implementing it in real time. To this end, the adaptive algorithm is developed by applying the gradient descent method to the predefined performance index, which is similar to the method used popularly in the optimization and neural network controller design. The experiment was carried out to verify the validity of the adaptive PPF controller developed in this research. The experimental results showed that adaptive PPF controller is effective for active vibration control of the structure which is excited by either impact or harmonic disturbance. The filter frequency of the PPF controller is tuned in a very short period of time thus proving the efficiency of the adaptive PPF controller.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2001

Characgcteristics of nocturnal boundary layer(NBL) were analyzed by the upper-air observations data using with the airsonde and pilot balloons from 1994 to 1999 in Kyungpook province. The automate weather boundary layer can become stably stratified when the surface is cooler than the air. Stable nocturnal boundary layer height were estimated from the top of surface stable layer where the vertical gradient of temperature and mixing ratio tend to zero or negative. The depth of the stable nocturnal boundary layer depended largely on the thermal effect rather than the wind effect at nighttime. The NBL was more developed on the land than on the coastal region. The stability index (bulk Richardson number) showed that the NBL was stable when the wind was weak and the vertical gradient of the temperature was strong. The heat budget in the NBL was studied by considering the effect of the radiative and the cooled by both the longwave radiative flux and the divergence of the heat flux, while NBL under the cloudy sky the longwave radiative flux played a role of the warming. It was noted that the heat was not conserved in both cases. To complete the heat budget in the NBL the warming/cooling by advection and subsidence must be considered.

• 생태와환경
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2010

The objectives for this study were to evaluate spatial and temporal characteristics of water quality, based on long-term water quality monitoring data during 1993~2008. We found that physico-chemical and ecological conditions in the Daecheong Reservoir (DR) were modified by the construction of upper dam (i.e., Yongdam Reservoir). total phosphorus (TP), Secchi depth (SD), and chlorophyll-a (CHL) in the DR showed significant longitudinal decreases along the headwater-to-the downlake, indicating a large spatial variation, and this gradient was more intensified during the high-flow season (monsoon). Nutrient-rich water containing high nitrogen and phosphorus in the monsoon season (July~August) passed through the reservoir as a density current in the metalimnetic depth, and also high suspended solids increased in the metalimnetic depth, especially during the monsoon. According to the deviation analysis of Trophic State Index (TSI), >50% of TSI (CHL)-TSI (SD) and TSI (CHL)-TSI (TP) values were negatives, so that inorganic suspended solids (non-votatile solids) influenced the underwater light regime against phytoplankton growth. Also, ratios of CHL:TP after the dam construction evidently increased, compared to the values before the upper dam constructions, indicating a greater yield of phytoplankton in the unit phosphorus. Overall data showed that ecological and functional changes in Daecheong Reservoir occurred after the construction of upper dam (Yongdam Reservoir).