• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.1038-1048
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• 2010

본 연구는 시중에 유통되고 있는 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품 18종 총 52건을 microwave로 습식분해 후 ICP-MS 및 Mercury Analyzer를 이용하여 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 잔류량을 분석한 결과, 평균 0.421(0.032~1.630), 0.157(0.011~0.515), 1.033(0.112~9.933), 6.923(1.333~16.755), 0.010(0.001~0.088) mg/kg이 검출되었다. 사용된 부위별 납 검출 수준을 살펴보면 잎(Herba, 1.032 mg/kg)이 다른 부위에 비해서 유의적인 수준으로 높았으며, 열매(fructus, 0.222 mg/kg), 뿌리줄기(Rhizoma, 0.179), 씨(semen, 0.153 mg/kg) 부위의 납 함량이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 카드뮴 또한 해조류(algae, 0.304 mg/kg), 잎(0.298 mg/kg)을 사용한 제품에서 유의적인 수준으로 높게 잔류하였다(p<0.05). 또한 카드뮴은 다시마를 원료로 한 환제품 총 4건 중 2건(0.431, 0.370 mg/kg)에서, 인진쑥환 총 7건 중 5건(0.315~0.515 mg/kg)에서, 당귀환 1건(0.338 mg/kg), 표고버섯환 1건(0.394 mg/kg)에서 한약재 기준인 0.3 mg/kg을 초과하는 수준으로 검출되었다. 따라서 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품에 대한 카드뮴의 조속한 기준설정 및 관리가 필요한 실정이다. 대부분의 중금속 잔류량이 높았던 잎(Herba)의 중금속별 평균 함량은 Cu 6.480 mg/kg> Cr 2.291 mg/kg> Pb 1.032 mg/kg> Cd 0.298 mg/kg> Hg 0.016 mg/kg 순서로 나타났다. 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품 섭취 시 중금속에 대한 안전성 평가를 위해 제품을 통한 중금속의 주간섭취량과 FAO/WHO에서 제시하는 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI), 1인 1일 최대섭취허용량(PMTDI)과 미국환경보호청(U.S. EPA)의 만성경구섭취 참고용량(RfD)과 비교하여 %PTWI를 구하였다. 금속별 주간 섭취량과 %PTWI는 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 각각 평균 0.280(0.018~1.272), 0.113(0.002~0.648), 0.630(0.053~4.975), 6.366(0.289~43.217), 0.011(0.000~0.210) ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/week이었으며, %PTWI는 1.112(0.072~5.088), 1.614(0.029~9.257), 3.000(0.252~23.690), 0.182(0.008~1.235), 0.220(0.000~0.420)%로 환(丸)형태 일반가공식품을 통한 중금속 섭취량은 안전한 수준으로 판단되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2009

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains can cause broad spectrum of human disease, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and the life-threatening hemolytic uremic colitis (HUS). We examined 868 samples was taken from bovine feces and carcass from January to December 2008 in Seoul. Twenty two (9.5%) shiga toxin -producing Escherichia coli were isolated from the 230 of bovine feces, and two (0.31%) were isolated from the 638 of carcasses. Serotype of E. coli isolates were O157 (10, 41.6%), O26 (10, 41.6%), O111 (1, 4.2%) and UT (3, 12.6%). In PCR, the isolates displayed three different stx gene combination (stx1 [2, 8.4%]), stx2 [3, 12.6%] and stx1 and stx2 [19,87.5%]). The eaeA and hlyA gene were found in 11 (45.8%) of the 24 strains. Saa gene was present only one strains (4.2%). Toxin typing using reverse passive latex agglutination test showed the same result in VT 1. But it showed different result in VT 2. In antimicrobial susceptibility test, all isolates were sensitive to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and colistin. Eighteen strains (75.0%) of 24 isolates showed the multi-resistant patterns with over 3 drugs. PFGE was performed after the genomic DNA of twenty four isolates was digested with Xba I. the 24 isolates showed 7 (A~G) PFGE type.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.505-511
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the effects of e-purchasing on increasing transparency, expanding market access, and the efficiency of the government procurement process. This study also investigates how transparency of the procurement process, improved market access and the efficiency of the procurement process in e-purchasing will decrease the level of fraudulent government procurement in Indonesia. The questionnaires were distributed to the Procurement Service Units (ULP) of Local Governments through email. There are currently 542 ULPs in Indonesia based on the data of the Government Procurement Policy Institute (LKPP). However, only 520 ULPs had their email addresses traced, 120 ULP returned the questionnaires and the response rate is lower than it was expected. The data research was analyzed by a structural equation model (SEM) by using WarpPLS 7.0. The results reveal that the e-purchasing effect on the transparency, the expansion of market access, and the efficiency of the government procurement process. The other findings show the negative effect between efficiency in government procurement and fraud in government procurement. The findings of this study suggest that efficiency in the process of government procurement will minimize fraud in government procurement. However, transparency in government procurement and the expansion of market access was not sufficient to minimize fraud in government procurement.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.285-289
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the content of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in meats available on the Korean markets. The analysis was carried out using following conditions; C18 column ($100{\times}2.1$ mm, 1.7 ${\mu}m$), mobile phase composed of DW (containing 0.1% formic acid): acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid), binary pump at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min and 5 ${\mu}l$ of injection volume, MS/MS detector with ESI positive mode. The calibration range of five NSAIDs showed linearity ($r^2{\geq}0.99$) at concentration range of 3.125~200 ${\mu}g$/kg. The recoveries in fortified muscle more than 78.7~100.3%. The detection limits for meloxicam, ketoprofen, flunixin, carprofen and tolfenamic acid were 3.5, 1.6, 1.7, 9.8 and 4.8 ${\mu}g$/kg, respectively. We also monitored NSAIDs residue in cattle muscle 51 samples. The test results, NSAIDs were all not founded.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2017

Products containing any one or more of 26 fragrance allergens likely to cause contact allergies, are required under the 2008 domestic cosmetic law to be labeled when their concentrations exceed a certain range. This study focuses on the comparison and development of analytical methods based on headspace-solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) methods followed by GC-MS/MS for 24 of the fragrance allergens excepting for two natural materials in water samples. Using the developed HS-SPME method, 15 of the 24 fragrance allergens were analyzed and 9 compounds which have relatively low $logK_{OW}$ values (below about 2.5) were not extracted, and the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of the calibration curve for quantification showed linearity of 0.9969 or more, and the method detection limits (MDL) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were $0.078{\sim}0.582{\mu}g/L$ and $0.261{\sim}1.940{\mu}g/L$, respectively. In the case of using the optimized LLE method, all 24 fragrance allergens were analyzed, and the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of the calibration curve for quantification showed linearity of 0.9957 or more, MDL and LOQ were $0.020{\sim}0.138{\mu}g/L$ and $0.065{\sim}0.440{\mu}g/L$, respectively.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2012

Objectives: We aim to investigate association between health behavior, interpersonal/organizational environment and job stress among government officials. Methods: Through health examination and a survey, this cross sectional study investigated 543 government officials working at Central Government Complex in Seoul, Korea. Health behaviors included alcohol drinking, smoking, moderate exercise and food frequency. Interpersonal environment was measured by health behavior practices of significant others and social support for health promotion. And the measures of organizational environment included facilities for exercise, health related norms and health supportive organizational systems. Job stress was assessed by short version of Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS). Results: The level of job stress among female officials was higher than that of male officials. Multivariate logistic model suggested that higher job stress in male officials was significantly associated with lower position(OR=0.267, p<.01) less grain intake(OR=0.642, p<.05), lower level of social support(OR=0.810, p<.01) and abdominal obesity(OR=2.407, p<.05). On the contrary, female officials' stress level was negatively associated with healthy organizational environment(OR=0.725, p<.05). Conclusions: It is suggested that addressing job stress require tailoring intervention by gender characteristics and integration of interpersonal and organizational level approaches.

• 기록학연구
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• 제75호
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• pp.135-176
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• 2023

정부기관에서 공통적으로 사용하는 표준화된 시스템이자 정부기관의 일하는 과정, 의사결정 등이 남는 주요 도구인 업무관리시스템은 결재문서 중심의 문서형 기록 생산이 주를 이루고 있어 다양한 유형의 기록을 포괄하지 못하고 있다. 새로운 디지털 유형 기록의 생산, 다양한 협업 소프트웨어와 업무시스템의 등장, 재택근무 등 변화하는 환경에서 정부 업무관리시스템이 나아갈 방향을 고민할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 경쟁력 있는 민간기업의 업무시스템과 활용 방식을 분석하고, 정부 업무관리시스템인 온-나라 2.0의 사용 현황 분석과 업무담당자 인터뷰를 통해 어떠한 차이가 있는지 살펴보는 것이다. 더하여 디지털 혁신에 조응하고 업무의 설명책임성과 효율성을 제고할 수 있는 방향으로 개선해야 할 기능과 정책적 방향을 제언하고자 한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2013

The objective of this study is investigation of contamination levels and transfer rate of heavy metals and assessment of health risk effects in animal medicines. A total of sixteen items with 148 samples were obtained for this investigation from major herbal medicine producing areas and herbal markets from 2011 to 2012. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer method was conducted for the quantitative analysis of Pb, Cd and As. In addition, the mercury analyzer system was conducted for that of Hg without sample digestion. The average contents of heavy metals in animal medicines were as follows : 1.55 mg/kg for Pb, 0.28 mg/kg for Cd, 0.70 mg/kg for As and 0.047 mg/kg for Hg respectively. The average contents of heavy metals in decoctions were as follows : 0.03 mg/kg for Pb, 0.01 mg/kg for Cd, 0.17 mg/kg for As and 0.003 mg/kg for Hg respectively. The average transfer rates of heavy metals from animal medicines to decoctions were 1.9% for Pb, 3.6% for Cd, 24.2% for As and 6.0% for Hg respectively. Cancer risks of animal medicines and decoctions through slope factor by ministry of environment republic korea and environmental protection agency was $1.36{\times}10^{-6}$ and $2.50{\times}10^{-8}$ for Pb and $7.46{\times}10^{-5}$ and $1.98{\times}10^{-5}$ for As (assuming that the total arsenic content was equal to the inorganic arsenic) respectively. The hazard index of heavy metals in animal medicines and decoctions was below recommended hazard index as 0.52 and 0.05 respectively. Taken together, cancer risks about Pb and hazard indexes of animal medicines and decoctions indicate that the majority of samples except for some samples with relative high contents of heavy metals were safe. But cancer risks about As of animal medicines indicate that the majority of samples were not relatively safe.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2013

소염 진통 의약품 성분인 beclomethasone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, ketoprofen, phenylbutazone 5종에 대한 동시분석을 위해 LC-MS/MS 분석 조건 중 MRM 방식으로 각 성분의 MS 분석 최적조건을 결정하고, 정량이온으로 beclomethasone 409.1/391.0, dexamethasone은 393.1/372.9, prednisolone은 361.0/343.1, ketoprofen은 255.0/209.0, phenylbutazone은 309.1/160.1을 분석하였다. 혼합표준용액을 기울기용매 조건으로 이동상 A(0.1% 개미산), B(0.1% 개미산을 함유한 아세토니트릴)를 이용하여 17분 동안 분석한 결과, prednisolone ($t_R$: 7.34 min), dexamethasone ($t_R$: 7.73 min), beclomethasone ($t_R$: 7.82 min), phenylbutazone($t_R$: 8.31 min), ketoprofen ($t_R$: 9.24 min) 순서로 검출되었다. 5종 성분 모두 약 2-100 ng/mL 농도 수준의 검정곡선에서 $R^2$ 값이 0.999 이상의 우수한 직선성을 나타내었고, prednisolone을 제외한 4종 성분의 검출한계는 0.4-0.9 ng/mL, 정량한계는 0.81-2.22 ng/mL 였으며, prednisolone은 그보다 다소 높은 4.60, 11.46 ng/mL 이었다. 환제품의 기타가공품 공시료에 5종 성분 혼합표준용액을 최종농도가 5, 20, 50 ng/mL이 되도록 직접 첨가하여 분석한 결과, 모든 농도에서 80% 이상의 우수한 회수율을 얻을 수 있었고, 일내 일간 반복 분석의 상대표준편차(%)를 통해 모든 성분에서 비교적 재현성 있는 결과가 나타났다. 실제 인터넷 상에서 유통중인 식품에 이 분석법을 적용한 결과 모든 제품에서 검출되진 않았으나, 소비자들의 건강상 위해를 끼칠 수 있는 이들 성분의 동시분석법을 활용한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요한 실정이다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.118-121
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• 2010

아세설팜칼륨, 싸이클라메이트, 삭카린나트륨, 수크랄로스, 스테비오사이드, 아스파탐을 HPLC/MS/MS를 이용하여 동시 분석한 결과 각 감미료 별로 고유한 스펙트럼을 얻어 정량하여 머므름 시간은 2.26~9.96로 10분 이내로 분석이 가능하였다. 각각 감미료의 상관계수($R^2$)은 0.9986~0.9999로 양호한 직선상의 그래프를 얻을 수 있었고 각각의 감미료를 단계적으로 희석하여 분석한 결과 검출한계는 아세설팜칼륨, 싸이클라메이트 삭카린나트륨, 수크랄로스, 스테비오사이트, 및 아스파탐의 경우 0.02 mg/kg이었다. 시료에 대한 6종의 감미료에 대한 분석법의 회수율은 과자 87.4~106.9%, 캔디 99.8~114.7%로 전반적으로 좋은 회수율을 보여 어린이기호식품에서의 감미료 분석에 적용하였다.