• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.338-344
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• 2010

Our paper shows the results of 302 samples of herb medicines about fungal contamination at Yakyeang markets in Seoul. The sample medicines were treated VICAM pretreatment and analysed by post column derivatisation procedure(PHRED-HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. Aflatoxin B1 was founded from 50.3% of samples, aflatoxin B2 was 39.7%, aflatoxin G1 was 21.2% and aflatoxin G2 was 23.5%. The detected ranges of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 were from 0.1 to $57.2\;{\mu}g/kg$, 0.1 to $42.6\;{\mu}g/kg$, 0.1 to $23.5\;{\mu}g/kg$ and 0.1 to $9.5\;{\mu}g/kg$ respectively. Among total samples, 26 samples contained aflatoxin B1 violated the regulation (less than 10 ug/kg) for aflatoxin B1 of KFDA. From the result, we could presumed that more than a half of samples were contaminated by aflatoxins. Therefore, it seems to be necessary that the new safety giudeline will be established aflatoxin B2, G1 and G2 from herb medicines as aflatoxin B1.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.345-360
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the content of sulfur dioxide residues in medicinal herbs in Seoul in 2009. Sulfur dioxide in the samples were determined by Monnier-Williams's modified method. A total of 1,821 samples of 205 different types of herbs were collected from Kyung-Dong Herb markets and Oriental medicine hospitals in Seoul. Of these samples, 642 samples were domestic, and 1,179 samples were imported. Of the 1,821 samples, 61 (3.3%, 31 types) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among these 61 unsuitable samples, 17 (7 types) were domestic, and 44 samples (26 types) were imported. The content of sulfur dioxide in the domestic medicinal herbs ranged from 0 to 809 mg/kg, while those in imported medicinal herbs ranged from 0 to 4,481 mg/kg. Approximately 84.6% of the samples contained less than 10 mg/kg of sulfur dioxide and about 10.0% of samples contained more than 30 mg/kg of sulfur dioxide.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2014

The multiclass pesticide multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of diflubenzuron in agricultural products was conducted by using HPLC-UVD. The method was validated through the guidelines of linearity, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy and precision with pesticide-free spinach, Korean cabbage, eggplant, squash, sweet pepper, cucumber, Korean melon. The calibration curve of diflubenzuron was linear over the concentration range of 0.05-5 mg/kg with correlation coefficient of above 0.99999. The limit of detection and quantification was 0.008 and 0.02 mg/kg. Mean recoveries of diflubenzuron for each sample were 77.5-105.6%. Relative standard deviation (RSD) in recoveries were all less than 20%. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD) were 0.4-1.9% and 0.7-1.9%, respectively. The result of validation indicated that this method was accurate and rapid assay.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.196.1-196.1
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• 2000

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2015

Four major river basin in Korea has been managed with Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) System. Water quality indicators as targeted pollutants for TMDL were BOD and TP. In order to satisfy water quality criteria, government allocation using public treatment facilities and its action plan has been used. However, the role to improve water quality were recently faced to its limitation. It is time to require the role of non-government allocation in private discharge facilities to control good water quality. This study investigated three different scenarios in reduction demands of non-government allocations about industry and private sewages. The three different scenarios were discharge under 1) legal water quality standard, 2) water quality level in 2011 and 3) current water quality level with maximum value in group. The results showed that reduction potential in water discharge for TP indicator was 1,118kg/day, under second scenario with 20% of deduction. This results arrived at 42% of whole reduction potential costs and 0.012mg/L improvement in water quality. In conclusion, to intrigue voluntary participation in non-government allocation, various benefits such as tax reduction, tax exemption, and water quality trading should be provided.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1582-1590
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• 2009

In 2006, Korean Government decided to relocate the several Government bodies and public institutes. They include total of 49 central Government agencies, semi-government agencies, and 17 national research institutes. The completion of the relocation program has been set to be final in 2030. The target population for the city plan is set to be 500,000. The goal of MAC is first to complete the first phase of the program by 2014 within the budget. In order to achieve the goal, considerable time has been spent to properly establish the program management system. The success of MAC's Multi-function Program Administration System is too early to determine as it is still in progressive. The success depends on the operations not the development.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2013

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of pencycuron in agricultural products was established by using GC-NPD. The method was validated through the guidelines of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy and precision. The calibration curve of pencycuron was linear over the concentration range of 0.02-2 mg/kg with correlation coefficient of above 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg. Mean recoveries of pencycuron for each sample were 79.6-107.5% at the level of 0.02 mg/kg and 86.4-112.1% at the level of 0.2 mg/kg and 84.0- 104.9% at the level of 1 mg/kg. Relative standard deviation (RSD) in recoveries were all less than 5%. The intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) were 1.6-3.0% and 5.3-11.5%, respectively. The result of validation indicated that this method was accurate and sensitive assay.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2014

Bacillus cereus was isolated in 155 of 4,318 food samples from 2012 to 2013. Of the isolates, 140 isolates were performed antimicrobial disk test against garlic, cinnamon, ginger, and green tea extracted at two different temperature, $25^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$. The isolates from Powdered Red Pepper showed frequently to 48.65%, and followed by Agriculture Products (31.08%) and Kimchi (25.61%). The isolation rate of Cooked Foods in the Restaurant supposed to causing food poison was 1.17%. Analysis of antimicrobial activity showed that $25^{\circ}C$ garlic extract, $25^{\circ}C$ green tea extract, and $70^{\circ}C$ green tea extract resisted against all 140 isolates and the others resisted against some isolates. Antimicrobial activity was depended on the temperature; garlic > green tea > cinnamon in $25^{\circ}C$ and green tea > garlic > cinnamon in $70^{\circ}C$. The correlation analysis of each extracts showed that geen tea extract was different significantly with garlic and cinnamon extracting in $25^{\circ}C$ and with only garlic extracting in $70^{\circ}C$ at p < 0.05.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.706-714
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• 2007

This study suggested a method for prediction of residual chlorine and THMs in water distribution system by measurement of residual chlorine, THMs, and other parameters, estimation of chlorine decay coefficients and THM formation coefficients, and simulation of water qualities using pipe network analysis. Bulk decay coefficients of parallel first-order were obtained by bottle tests, and pipe wall decay coefficients of first-order were estimated through evaluation of 5 models, which showed the lowest values of 0.03 for MAE(mean absolute error) and 0.037 MAE in comparison with the observed in field. And bottle tests were conducted to model first-order reaction of THM formation by nonlinear least square regression and the resultant coefficients were compared with the observed in field. As a result, the coefficients of determination$(R^2)$ for the observed and the predicted values were 0.98 in September and 0.82 in November, and the formation of THMs was predicted by modeling.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

Recently, it has been a big issue to distinguish the dried roots of Cynanchum wilfordii and C. auriculatum in health functional food market. The original plant species of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix belong to the Asclepiadaceae family is differentially described in the national pharmacopoeia of Korea, China and Japan. Owing to the morphological similarities of the dried roots of this plant to those of C. auriculatum, which is often misidentified in Korean herbal medicine marketplace, distinguishing these two species is exceedingly difficult. The purpose of this study was to compare the conventional-PCR with the real-time PCR for detection of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum DNA. We also tried to realize a quantitative real-time PCR assay using species-specific matK primers, which allowed us to estimate the ratio of C. willfordii and C. auriculatum using varying ratios of mixed genomic DNA template from the two species. The differentiation of intentional and unintentional mixture in this study would be applied to food safety management and can be helpful for protection of consumer's right and cultivators.