• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.182-185
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• 2014

GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disease due to deficiency of ${\beta}$-galactosidase caused by mutations in the GLB1 gene. There have been three clinical subgroups in GM1 gangliosidosis, however it is difficult to differentiate because there is considerable overlap between classical phenotypes and clinical and imaging findings among the subgroups. Here, we report a Korean girl with type 2 GM1 gangliosidosis, who showed dysostosis multiplex and progressive neurological deterioration. Developmental regression was first noted at the age of 9 months, and she was diagnosed as GM1 gangliosidosis by ${\beta}$-galactosidase enzyme analysis and GLB1 mutation analysis at the age of 16 months.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 1995

This study was carried out in order to utilize ginseng marc (GM), a byproduct produced during the preparation of ginseng extract. For the utilization of GM as coffee-replacing beverage, GM was roasted at 140-23$0^{\circ}C$, for 10-30 min to generate coffee-like flavor and taste. The physicochemical changes in GM induced by roasting process was measured. Weight and moisture contents of GM abruptly decreased while roasting at various temperature and period of time, and the amount of water-extracted solid substances decorated beyond 23$0^{\circ}C$. Among the proximate components, total and free sugar decreased remarkably, while crude fat content increased. Crude protein content did not change by the roasting process. pH derides to pH 4.9 after 30 min at 20$0^{\circ}C$, but increased at higher temperatures. Hunter color L value of the GM powder decreased, whereas a and b values, increased up to 10 times as compared to that of the control. The brown color(O, D 490 nm) in 50% ethanol extract of the roasted GM was 46 times higher than that of the control.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2014

It is true that the proper environmental risk assessments for many GM (Genetically Modified) insects almost have not been executed in Korea. Therefore, we tested the environmental risk assessment about GM silkworms if there is any difference between GM silkworms and non-GM silkworms by the following three measurements. First, we measured their mobility in the breeding environment conditions with food and without food. Secondly, we measured their viability at the artificial extreme environmental conditions (low and high temperature and humidity, absent/present of foods,) after escaping from their breeding environments. Thirdly, we observed the number of laying eggs and their hatchability between GM silkworms and non-GM silkworms with four different pair experiments. The mobility of GM silkworms and non-GM silkworms statistically did not differ, and the egg productivity and hatchability were not also different. The hatchability by couple of GM female silkworms and non-GM male silkworms was lower than by non-GM male and female couple between the GM silkworms and non-GM silkworms, and there was statistically different. Relatively, the viability of GM silkworms was lower than non-GM silkworms. We could not exactly test for viability of silkworms in low temperature conditions because of their hibernating. Although there was any difference in viability and hatchability between GM silkworms and non-GM silkworms, all ability of GM silkworms was lower than non-GM silkworms. Conclusively, the environmental risk of GM silkworm was relatively lower than non-GM silkworm in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.329-331
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• 2000

G-Machine은 수행하는데 있어서 그래프를 표현하기 위해 많은 그래프 공간을 필요로 한다. 이를 줄이기 위한 노력으로 최근 태그 옮김을 이용한 ZGM이 설계되었다. 하지만, ZGM은 태그와 자료의 분리로 인하여 많은 상대 주소를 갖게 되어 실행 시간 부담이나 공간 활용 부담이 된다. 본 논문에서 우회 노드 장소에 자료를 중복 사용하는 방법을 이용하여 G-Machine에서 필요로 하는 그래프 공간을 절약한 poGM(Point Over lapped GM)을 제안한다. poGM은 ZGM과 같이 상대 주소를 사용하지만, 일반적인 노드 나타내는데 ZGM과 달리 자료의 분리가 일어나지 않고, 상대 주소를 줄일 수 있으며, 실험을 통하여 공간 효율과 시간 효율이 높은 것을 보인다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

During a last decade, the introduced traits in commercialized GM crops have been diversified from a simple trait such as herbicide resistance gene or insectresistance gene which are related to the crop production into more complicated traits such as modification of fatty acid or essential amino acid composition, modified coloring pattern of flower. In addition, it was investigated that several other GM crops bearing more refined traits expected to lead next generation are also awaiting for risk assessment (RA) or under field test for the preparation of RA in the near future. These GM crops include abiotic stress resistance including drought or cold, increased biomass, production of bioethanol or diesel, production of pharmaceuticals or functional materials for industrial. In particular, in 2008 and 2009, it was reported that the highest number of GM crops for molecular farming are under developed in laboratory or green house level in all the world. Likewise, in Korea, 171 events from 49 plant species are under developed to introduce several important traits. At present, about 10 events are under field test to select elite lines for RA application. For the first time, herbicide resistance turfgrass developed by Korean research team has been submitted for RA and currently under requested for additional data. Moreover, GM rice resistant to leaf roll (folder) disease is expected as a next event to be submitted for RA application.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 1980

To estimate the amount of daily salt intake by source of food and urinary sodium excretion, a dietary survey was conducted from August 27th to September 3, 1980. The salt concentration of six kinds of food was measured. The families of 25 womens' club leaders and 25 families of hypertensive patients were studied after they had been given a short course of education on lowsalt diet. The results were as follows: 1. The average amount of high-salt foods eaten daily by the study group were as follows: 4.5 Gm. in the form of table salt 16.8 ml of home-made soy sauce 6.20 ml of commercial soy sauce 11.9 Gm. of home-made red-pepper bean paste 12.0 Gm. of home-made soy-bean paste 120.7 Gm. of Kimchi 2. The average NaCl concentration of each food was as follows: 99.5% in table salt, 22.5% in home made soy sauce, 11.9% in Commercial soy sauce, 6.8 Gm% in home made red pepper bean paste, 9.2 Gm% in home-made soy-bean paste and the average concentration of various kinds of Kimchi was 2.7 Gm%. 3. The total amount of daily salt intake per adult was calculated as 14.3 Gm. By sources of food 4.5 Gm from table salt, 3.9 Gm from home-made soy sauce and 3. 3 Gm from Kimchi were taken daily Three other kinds of food were also minor sources of salt intake.4. The average amounts of individual daily salt intake were not significantly different between the hypertensive group and the normotensive group: the median of the normotensive group (11.7Gm.) was significantly lower than that of the hypertensive group (14.9Gm.). Therefore the womens' club leaders appeared to respond more quickly than the hypertensive group after low-salt diet education. 5. The average amount of sodium excretion in the 24 hour urine specimen was 234.7 mEq. From this finding the daily NaCl intake was estimated to be 15.8Gm.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2020

Over 500 genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been developed since 1996, of which nearly 44% have glufosinate herbicide-tolerant traits. Identification of specific markers that can be used to identify herbicide-tolerant traits is challenging as the DNA sequences of the gene(s) of a trait are highly variable depending on the origin of the gene(s), plant species, and developers. To develop specific PCR marker(s) for the detection of the glufosinate-tolerance trait, DNA sequences of several pat or bar genes were compared and a diverse combination of PCR primer sets were examined using certified reference materials or transgenic plants. Based on both the qualitative and quantitative PCR tests, a primer set specific for pat and non-specific for bar was developed. Additionally, a set of markers that can detect both pat and bar was developed, and the quantitative PCR data indicated that the primer pairs were sensitive enough to detect 0.1% of the mixed seed content rate.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.351-355
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• 2003

Response surface methodology was employed to study the interactive effect of sucrose, nitrogen, temperature and to optimize their levels to enhance the production of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor from Nicotiana tabacum cell suspension cultures. A 15-runs Box-Behnken design including three center points was the response surface method selected for the initial set of experiments. The analysis of the data from the Box-Behnken experiments showed interactive effects of sucrose:nitrogen, sucrose:temperature and nitrogen:temperature. The optimal combinations of sucrose, nitrogen and temperature for hGM-CSF production from surface plot were sucrose 90 g/L, nitrogen 41 mM and 22$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimization of there factors enhanced the hGM-CSF production by 2 times because high sucrose concentration stimulated the secretion of hGM-CSF and low temperature prevented hGM-CSF degradation in media by pretenses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.48-60
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• 2002

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that stimulates the production of granulocytes, macrophages, and white blood cells. The effects of osmotic pressure on secretion of human GM-CSF into the culture medium were investigated in suspension cultures of transgenic tobacco cells. An increase in osmotic pressure caused by the addition of mannitol decreased the cell size index, with the effect being more pronounced when cells were measured wet rather than dry. Increased osmotic pressure enhanced the secretion of hGM-CSF. At 90 g/L mannitol, the maximum concentration tested, hGM-CSF was present in the culture medium at 980 ug/L. As the concentration of mannitol increased, the total amount of protein secreted also increased, but was disproportionately enriched in GM-CSF NaCl, another osmoticum, had very similar effects on cell growth and hGM-CSF production, but did not cause enrichment for hGM-CSF Additionally, protein-stabilizing polymer was added to culture broth to enhance stability of secreted recombinant protein. Finally, above two method were applied together to maximize the productivity.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2003

Effects of immobilization on the production of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) by Nicotiana tabacum cells were investigated using alginate and polyurethane foam as immobilization matrices. Encapsulation of the cells in alginate decreased protein production by 50% compared with that of suspension culture. Maximum hGM-CSF concentration was obtained by the cells immobilizaed in polyurethane foam. High hGM-CSF production could be possible when polyurethane foam was used because of high specific production and easy immobilization for cell recycling process with high cell density.