• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.729-735
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• 2021

제 2 형 당뇨병은 조직의 포도당 흡수 능력에 이상이 있을 때 발생하며, 인슐린에 의한 포도당 섭취와 신진대사는 혈당을 유지하는 기본 활동이며 포도당 섭취는 인슐린이 세포 표면의 수용체에 결합하여 시작되는 다양한 신호 단계를 거친다. 본 연구는 Ecklonia cava에서 분리된 활성 화합물 인 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol이 3T3-L1 지방 세포에서 인슐린 신호전달체계에 따른 포도당 흡수 증가에 미치는 영향에 대한 것이다. 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol 은 3T3-L1 지방 세포에서 농도의존적으로 GLUT4의 발현을 증가시켜 원형질막에서의 glucose uptake 를 증가시켰다. 이는 인슐린 신호 전달 경로에서 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol 에 의한 IRS-1, AKT의 인산화 및 PI3K 활성화에 의한 것이다. PHB는 또한 AMPK 인산화와 활성화를 자극했다. 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol에 의한 PI3K/AKT 및 AMPK 경로의 인산화 및 활성화는 wortmannin (PI3K 억제제) 및 화합물 C (AMPK 억제제)를 사용하여 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol 이 3T3-L1 지방 세포에서 PI3K 및 AMPK 경로를 통해 원형질막으로의 GLUT4 전위를 촉진함으로써 포도당 흡수를 증가시킬 수 있음을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol 가 인슐린 감수성을 개선하는 데 도움이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.108-120
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• 1999

In this study, body weight levels of glucose, insulin and triglyceride in blood and glucosidase activity of the small intestine were investigated to determine the effect of Sangbaegpitang and Supungsungiwhan on the glucose metabolism of db/db mice. The GLUT4 mRNA of muscle tissue and the Acetyl CoA Carboxylase and the activation rate of GLUT2 mRNA of liver tissue were measured by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method and by the vitro transcription. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the Sangbaegpitang administration group, (1) The level of triglyceride was decreased significantly and the glucosidase activity of the small intestine was inhibited remarkably, (2) The amounts of the GLUT4 mRNA in muscle tissue and Acetyl CoA Carboxylase mRNA in liver tissue were increased significantly. (3) Though glucose level in both fasting and non-fasting, were decreased and the insulin level in blood was increased, the results showed no statistical significance. 2. In the Supungsungiwhan administration group, (1) The levels of glucose and triglyceride were decreased significantly in the blood of non-fasting animals. (2) The glucosidase activity of small intestine was inhibited markedly and the amounts of GLUT4 mRNA of muscle tissue and GLUT2 mRNA of liver tissue were increased significantly. (3) The glucose levels in the fasting group were reduced, while insulin level was increased but showed no statistical significance, Based on the above results, our conclusions are as follows: Sangbaegpitang & Supungsungiwhan are thought to be capable of inhibiting the activity glucosidase, the enzyme which influences carbohydrate metabolism in the small intestine of db/db mice(the experimental diabetic model) and delaying the absorption of carbohydrate, thus proving effective on inhibiting the increase of non-fasting glucose level effectively. Futhermore Sangbaegpitang and Supungsungiwhan are though: to be capable of preventing the composition of free fatty acids by restoring the production of GLUT4 mRNA of muscle tissues and GLUT2 mRNA of liver tissues. Those results suggests that above prescriptions can be applied to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in order to improve insulin resistance.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2002

목적: FDG PET은 악성종양의 진단에 유용하게 쓰이고 있으나, 염증에도 섭취되어 진단에 어려움이 있다. 염증에서 F-18-FDG 섭취는 단핵세포에서 포도당대사가 항진되어 나타난다. 이 연구에서는 사람의 암세포와 단핵세포간에 포도당대사에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 사람의 대장암 세포주(SNU-C2A, SNU-C4, SNU-C5)와 폐암 세포주(NCI-H522), 단핵세포를 포도당 농도가 다른 배지에서 각각 배양시키고, FDG 섭취와 포도당운반체 1(Glut1)의 발현, hexokinase 활성도의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 포도당이 없는 배지에서는 암세포와 단핵세포 모두에서 FDG 섭취가 증가되나 포도당 고농도(16.7 mM)에서는 섭취가 감소하였다. 이 고농도에서 Glut1 mRNA의 발현은 대장암 세포주, 폐암 세포주에서 감소하였다. 고농도의 포도당 배지에서 Glut1 단백질의 발현도 4종류의 암세포에서 모두 감소하였으나, 단핵세포에서는 변화가 없었다. SNU-C2A, SNU-C4, NCI-H522 세포에서 hexokinase의 활성도는 비슷하였고, 단핵세포와 SNU-C5에서는 약간 증가하였다. 결론: 포도당 섭취에 있어서 사람의 암 세포주와 단핵세포는 서로 다른 기전을 보이고 있다. 대장암 세포는 포도당 농도에 의한 포도당 섭취 변화가 Glut1에 의하여 조절되나, 단핵세포는 다른 기전을 가지고 있다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2001

Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome (FBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism recently demonstrated to be caused by mutations in the GLUT 2 gene for the glucose transporter protein 2 expressed in liver, pancreas, intestine, and kidney. This disease is characterized by hepatorenal glycogen accumulation, both fasting hypoglycemia as well as postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperglactosemia, and generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunctions. We report the first Korean patient with FBS diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and identification of a novel mutation in the GLUT 2 gene. She was initially diagnosed having a neonatal diabetes mellitus due to hyperglycemia and glycosuria at 3 days after birth. In addition, newborn screening for galactosemia revealed hypergalactosemia. Thereafter, she has been managed with lactose free milk, insulin therapy. However, she failed to grow and her liver has been progressively enlarging. Her liver functions were progressively deteriorated with increased prothrombin time. Liver biopsy done at age 9 months indicated micronodular cirrhosis with marked fatty changes. She succubmed to hepatic failiure with pneumonia at 10 months of age. Laboratory tests indicated she had generalized proximal renal tubular dysfuctions; renal tubular acidosis, hypophosphatemic rickets, and generalized aminoaciduria. Given aforementioned findings, the diagnosis of FBS was appreciated at age of 2 months. The DNA sequencing analysis of the GLUT 2 gene using her genomic DNA showed a novel mutation at 5th codon; Lysine5 Stop (K5X).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2020

Resveratrol has been reported to exert anticancer activity via modulation of multiple pathways and genes. In this study, we examined the effect of resveratrol on YD-10B human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanisms of action. We found that resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of YD-10B cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The suppressive effect of resveratrol was accompanied by a reduction in Bmi-1 gene expression. We observed that silencing the Bmi-1 gene by small interfering RNA effectively downregulated the levels of GLUT1 mRNA and protein, which were also repressed by resveratrol. Bmi-1 silencing increased the number of YD-10B cells in S-phase arrest by approximately 2.3-fold compared with the control. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate, for the first time, that resveratrol suppresses Bmi-1-mediated GLUT1 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and suggest that the specific molecular targeting of Bmi-1 and/or GLUT1 expression can be combined with a chemotherapeutic strategy to improve the response of oral cancer cells to resveratrol.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2011

이 연구는 지구성 운동이 streptozotocin (STZ)으로 유발된 제 1형 당뇨 특징을 가진 쥐 뇌의 글루코스 운반, 미토콘드리아 기능 및 항산화효소 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 제 1형 당뇨 모델 쥐는 50 mg/kg의 streptozotocin을 수컷 Sprague-Dawley (SD) 흰쥐의 복강에 1회 주입하여 생산하였으며 본 실험 시집단은 NON-STZ 집단(n=8), STZ-CON 집단(n=8) 및 STZ-EXE 집단(n=8) 등 3집단으로 구분하여 실시하였다. 트레드밀 지구성 운동은 총 6주, 주 5일, 2주 간격으로 속도를 약 3~4 m/min으로 점증적으로 증가시켰으며 운동시간은 1주와 3주차에 10분씩 증가시켰다. 분석 결과 혈청 글루코스 수준은 STZ-EXE 집단은 STZ-CON 집단에 비해 현저하게 감소(p<0.05)하였으며 PGC-$1{\alpha}$ (p<0.001), mtPGC-$1{\alpha}$ (p<0.001), GLUT-1 (p<0.001), Tfam (p<0.001), Cu,Zn- SOD (p<0.001), Mn-SOD (p<0.01) 경우도 STZ-EXE 집단이 STZ-CON 집단에 비해 현저하게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 장기간 지구성 운동이 뇌의 글루코스 이용능력과 관련된 단백질인 GLUT-1과 미토콘드리아 기능 향상과 관련된 단백질인 PGC-$1{\alpha}$과 Tfam을 증가시키고 산화적 스트레스의 방어 기전으로서 역할을 수행하는 항산화 효소인 Cu,Zn-SOD와 Mn-SOD를 활성화시키는데 긍정적인 역할을 수행한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.381-387
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• 1997

종양세포는 포도당섭취 및 포도당 대사가 정상세포에 비해 증가된 특징을 가진다. 포도당 유사체인 $^{18}F$ fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)의 섭취를 이용한 PET 검사가 종양의 진단에 많이 쓰이고 있다. 이 연구에서는 유사한 성질을 가진 사람의 대장암 세포주간의 FDG 섭취량 및 섭취 속도의 차이점을 비교하고, 그 포도당 수송체의 발현의 관련성을 규명하고자 한다. 사람대장암 세포 SNU-C2A, SNU-C4, SNU-C5를 이용하여 FDG 섭취를 측정하였다. 또한 세포의 포도당 섭취에 중요 역할을 하는 포도당 수송체 1(GLUT1)의 발현을 Western blotting으로 비교하였다. $1{\times}10^6/ml$의 대장암 세포에 HEPES-buffered saline에 희석한 $1{\mu}Ci/ml$ FDG를 가하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 배양하였을 때 SNU-C2A($16.8{\pm}1.36cpm/{\mu}g$ of protein), SNU-C4($12.3{\pm}5.55$), SNU-C5($61.7{\pm}2.17$) 섭취를 보였다. 시간당 FDG의 섭취는 SNU-C2A($0.29{\pm}0.03cpm/ min/{\mu}g$ of protein), SNU-C4($0.21{\pm}0.09$), SNU C5($1.07{\pm}0.07$)이었으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 비례하여 증가하였다. Western blotting으로 측정한 GLUT1 은 SNU-C5의 경우 다량 발현되었으나 SNU-C2A와 SNU-C4는 소량 발현되었다. 따라서 SNU-C2A, SNU-C4, SNU-C5 세포는 이들 세포가 비록 유사한 특징을 가졌지만 FDG 섭취량과 섭취 속도 및 GLUT1의 발현이 다르고, 이들 세포의 배가시간(doubling time)은 FDG 섭취와 상관관계가 없었다. 이들 세포의 FDG 섭취와 GLUT1의 발현은 밀접한 상관관계가 있었다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.440-447
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• 2003

Up until today, the key to contouring has been resumed in these two alternatives, either limiting the adipocyte storing capacity by modulating lipogenesis, or by stimulating lipolysis to eliminate adipocyte lipid content. Another interesting way could be the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In this work, we have evaluated the effect of a brown algal extract of Sphacelaria scoparia (SSE) on the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes. A pre-adipocyte line (3T3-L 1) was used. The differentiation was evaluated by the measure of produced lipids thanks to red oil coloration and spectrophotometry, and also by the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers: enzymes such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), or membrane proteins such as glucose transporters (GLUT -4) and fatty acid transporters (FAT) expressed on the surface of human adipocytes. These genes are under control of two transcription factors: CAAT-enhancer binding protein (c/EBP alpha) and sterol response element binding protein (SREBP1). All these markers were analysed at different stages of differentiation by RT -PCR. Sphacelaria extract (SSE) inhibits pre-adipocytes differentiating into adipocytes following a dose-dependant relation, using a kinetics similar to retinoic acid. It decreases the expression of mRNA specific to FAS, FAT, GLUT -4, SCD1, c/EBP alpha and SREBP1. Moreover, SSE regulated on collagen 1 and collagen 4 expression. A stimulation of collagen 1 was also measured in human skin fibroblasts. Thus, SSE performs as a genuine differentiation inhibitor and not only as a lipogenesis inhibitor, and could be used in slimming products.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Glucose is universal and essential fuel of energy metabolism and in the synthesis pathways of all mammalian cells. Glucose is the one of the major precursors of lactose synthesis using glycolysis result in producing milk fat and protein. During the milk fat synthesis, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and CD36 are required for glucose uptake. Various morecules such as acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), ACACA, FASN AGPAT6, GPAM, LPIN1 are closely related with milk fat synthesis. Additionally, glucose plays a major role for synthesizing lactose. Activations of lactose synthesize enzymes such as membranebound enzyme, beta-1,4-galactosyl transferase (B4GALT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) are changed by concentration of glucose in blood resulting change of amount of lactose production. Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose over a plasma membrane. There are 2 types of glucose transporters which consisted facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT); and sodium-dependent transport, mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporters (SGLT). Among them, GLUT1, GLUT8, GLUT12, SGLT1, SGLT2 are main glucose transporters which involved in mammary gland development and milk synthesis. However, more studies are required for revealing clear mechanism and function of other unknown genes and transporters. Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms of glucose usage and its regulation in mammary gland is very essential for enhancing the glucose utilization in the mammary gland and improving dairy productivity and efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1690-1694
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• 2003

The large and rapid changes of glucose utilization in lactating mammary tissue in response to changes in nutritional state must be largely related by external signal of insulin. This also must be related with the quantity and composition of the diet in vivo. To characterize the mode of growth factors and gut regulatory peptides with insulin, in vitro experiment was conducted with HC11 cells. All the growth factor alone and the combinations of growth factors significantly (p<0.05) increased in glucose uptake. Insulin, EGF and IGF-1 exhibited a stimulation of glucose uptake for at least 24 h. Furthermore, the highest (p<0.05) synergistic effect was shown in EGF plus IGF-1 and the second synergistic effect in insulin plus EGF while no synergistic effect was found between insulin and IGF-1. However, the gut regulatory peptides neither potentiated nor inhibited the action of insulin on glucose uptake. Although growth factors did not modulates glucose uptake via increasing the rate of translation of the GLUT1 protein, RT-PCR analysis indicated that the growth factors significantly (p<0.05) increased the expression of GLUT1. The growth factors are therefore shown to be capable of modulating glucose uptake by transcription level with insulin in HC 11 cells.