• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.661-671
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to analyze the flood stage considering the uncertainty caused by the river roughness coefficients and discharge. The methodology of this study involved the GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) to quantify the uncertainty bounds applying three different storm events. The uncertainty range of the roughness was 0.025~0.040. In case of discharge, the uncertainty stemmed from parameters in stage-discharge rating curve, if h represents stage for discharge Q, which can be written as $Q=A(h-B)^C$. Parameters in rating curve (A, B and C) were estimated by non-linear regression model and assumed by t distribution. The range of parameters in rating curve was 5.138~18.442 for A, -0.524~0.104 for B and 2.427~2.924 for C. By sampling 10,000 parameter sets, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The simulated stage value was represented by 95% confidence interval. In storm event 1~3, the average bound was 0.39 m, 0.83 m and 0.96 m, respectively. The peak bound was 0.52 m, 1.36 m and 1.75 m, respectively. The recurrence year of each storm event applying the frequency analysis was 1-year, 10-year and 25-year, respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.475-481
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• 2002

The determination of phthalates and adipate in natural mineral water and its container is described. Phthalates and adipate were extracted from natural mineral water by liquid-liquid extraction with methylene chloride, concentrated and then injected in GC-MS (SIM). Phthalates and adipate from 1) PET, cap, label and glue were extracted in Soxhlet with 50 mL of carbon tetrachloride, purified with silicagel and detected with GC-MS (SIM). Peak shapes and quantitation of phthalates and adipate were excellent, with linear calibration curves over a range of $0.1{\sim}10{\mu}g/L$ in water sample ($r^2$ > 0.996) and over a range of $1{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/Kg$ in solid samples ($r^2$>0.994). The detection limits of analytes were $0.002{\sim}0.010{\mu}g/L$ in water and $0.01{\sim}0.02{\mu}g/Kg$ in solid samples. Five kinds of natural mineral water samples, two PETs, two labels, two caps and two glues were quantified by the described procedure. As a results, the concentrations of total phthalates in natural mineral water ranged from ND ~ 1.2 ng/mL. Otherwise, the concentrations of total phthalate extracted from PET ranged from 0.55 ~ 1.2 mg/Kg. We found that the accurate determination of phthalte and adipate in natural mineral water and container must be considered blank correction and the removal of label and glue in PET sample.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2018

Currently, there are very few studies on Korean wall paintings. Therefore, this study discusses the current conditions of wooden paintings and the characteristics of the adhesive agent in the painting layer separation. Korean land pine was chosen as the support, while white oysters shells, orpiment, red ocher, Noerok, and azurite were used as pigments. With four adhesive agents, including animal glue, Gelidium, methyl cellulose, and PVAc (caparol binder), a comparative experiment was conducted, by dividing them into two concentrations, of 0.5% and 1.5%. The temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet rays, which are contributing environmental factors in cultural assets after fixing, were artificially investigated. After deterioration, observed color difference, fixing, and the surface. Results showed that the animal glue strongly fixing all the colored layers compared to the other adhesives; however, azurite had a partial change when used outdoors. With Gelidium, which functioned similar to animal glue, the azurite was affected by the ultraviolet rays; nevertheless, despite the variations in temperature and humidity, it had the best gripping force compared to the other adhesive agents. Methyl cellulose was glossy at a high concentration, and was relatively strong against rapid changes in temperature and humidity. PVAc significantly reduced the binding force, compared to other adhesive agents.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2015

In order to evaluate the bond performance of domestic larch glulam and the glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) rod, the specimen with the GFRP rod bonded-in domestic larch glulam for pull-out test was produced. The test was carried out using various specimens with different gluing depth, width of glue-line and type of adhesive. The cantilever type rahmen structure specimen with bonded-in GFRP rods was produced based on the result of pull-out test, and its moment resistance performance was compared and examined with the moment resistance performance of slotted-in steel plate specimen. As a result of the pull-out test, the most excellent bond performance was found when the insertion depth of GFRP rods was 5 times larger than the diameter of GFRP rods. When the glue-line thickness was 1 mm, the bond performance improved by 17%~29% in comparison to the bond performance in the case of the glue-line thickness of 2 mm. Also, the bonded strength of the specimen used with poly-urethane adhesive was 2.9~4.0 times greater than the bonded strength of specimen used with resorcinol adhesive. The cantilever type rahmen structure specimen with bonded-in GFRP rods showed the moment resistance performance 0.82 times lower in comparison to the slotted-in steel plate specimen used with the drift pin, but the initial stiffness was similar as 0.93 times.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2014

The gold textile is Korean traditional weaving technique using the gold thread since 5th century. The making technique of gold thread was written in various references, but it is severed because the gold thread weaving equipment and sumptuous moods were forbidden in the early 18th century. There are some studies of traditional gold thread which are mainly about conservation treatment of cleaning and strength. To restore traditional gold thread, investigation of material and manufacturing technique is vitally required. The gold threads are composed of gold leaf, adhesive and base sheet. Gold leaf and base sheet are available for investigation because they are exposed to the surface, whereas adhesive is not easy to investigate because it is not exposed to the surface. In this study, samples are made of pure and impure gold, animal glue and lacquer, and various types of Hanji based on domestic and foreign references to compare materials for gold threads. As a result of morphological character and stability evaluation, the optimum materials for the restoration of gold threads are pure gold, animal glue and Dochimji(smoothing paper by beating). This study is expected to be basic data for manufacturing gold threads techniques and modernization of traditional gold threads hereafter research.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.114-125
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• 2016

Lacquer is one of the most widely used natural resin in East Asia since Neolithic Age. As a major ingredient of lacquerware, lacquer is waterproof, insect-proof and rot-proof to be durable and anti-abrasion, generally utilized for mainly painting purpose. According to lacquerware excavated from several sites of Japan and China, lacquerware seems to appear in Neolithic Age. On the other hand in case of excavation research in Korea, lacquerwares are found after the Bronze Age. The initial purpose of lacquer is estimated to be adhesive, regarding the literatures mentioning bitumen(Yeoksceong ), animal glue(Kyeo) and egg alumen(Nanbaek). Especially piece of jar coffin unearthed in Pyeongtaek Daechu-ri site had trace of restoration by lacquer and hemp as an evidence of lacquer for adhesion in Pre-Three Kingdoms period. Since then a trend to restore the broken ceramics with lacquer and decorate with golden foil lasted especially in Joseon Dynasty. In the field of gold plated lacquer method, mother-of-pearl inlaying technique for lacquerware and restoration of buildings, lacquer is still used as adhesive. Due to matter of reversibility lacquer is being avoided for conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. Lacquer as a traditional material for adhesive since ancient times, however, has advantage in adhesion strength and durability. Because synthetic resin adhesive has problem of emission of volatile organic compounds and aging over time, lacquer receives attention recently. On the contrary, by combination adhesive from mixing lacquer and animal glue, already proved the possibility of applicability and chemical modification. A research to utilize lacquer as modern paint or functional material is also conducted continuously also in China and Japan. To put traditional material into practical use and modernize, chemical research from the molecular level of the lacquer is necessary in the near future.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.249-254
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• 2022

Silkworms, which have for long been used as an insect resource for industrialization, have recently attracted attention as potential bio-factories for the production of novel biomaterials. In this regard, material production is typically achieved based on transformation technology, mediated via microinjection, in which a target gene is inserted into eggs containing an embryo. However, an essential step in the microinjection procedure is egg fixation, which can be a time-consuming and laborious task. Therefore, in this study, using the 3DCADian program, we adopted a 3D printing approach to model egg liners and glue drawers, which can contribute to facilitating egg alignment and fixation, thereby enhancing transformation efficiency by reducing time consumption and fatigue. After rendering using Fusion 360, the two supplementary tools were produced by printing with nylon resin (PA12) and Sinterit Lisa Pro. Subsequent analysis of the time required to fix eggs on glass slides using the two manufactured tools, revealed that the processing time was reduced by approximately 18.6% when the two tools were used compared with when these tools were not used. These innovations not only reduced fatigue but also contributed to more effective use of the microscope and manipulator for microinjection. Consequently, we believe that with additional research and refinement, the egg liner and glue drawer developed in this study could be used to enhance silkworm transformation efficiency and study similar transformation systems in other industrial insects.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.297-299
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• 2004

We developed a rollable bistable LCD whose substrates are bonded by elastic glue and slide over one other when the LCD is rolled. We produced a 2.5 inch active area, 16x16 pixels prototype and demonstrated multifold bending and rolling of the display in a tube with 2 cm diameter.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.10-11
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11c
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• pp.2419-2422
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• 2002

스크립트 언어는 클라이언트 시스템 개발 시 화면구성 컴포넌트간의 상호작용을 정의하기 위해 사용된다. 기존의 스크립트 언어는 접착코드(Glue Code)나 이진코드(Binary code) 방식을 기반으로 컴포넌트 상호작용을 정의하므로 시스템의 변경에 유연하게 대처하지 못하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 FlexScript 는 스트링(String)기반의 메시지 전달 방법으로 컴포넌트 상호작용을 정의하는 스크립트 언어 시스템이다. 이러한 메시지 시스템 기반의 FlexScript 는 컴포넌트 및 스크립트 언어의 변화에 대하여 확장성과 유연성을 제공한다.