• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

Peripheral insulin resistance in obese/type II diabetes animals results from an impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Insulin stimulate the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular location to the plasma membrane. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) is implicated in mediation of fusion of GLUT4-containing vesicle with the plasma membrane. Present study investigated regulatory effects of Rhodiola sachalinensis administration and exercise training on the expression of GLUT4 protein and SNAREs protein in skeletal muscles of obese Zucker rats. Experimental animals were randomly assigned into one of five groups ; lean control(LN), obese control(OB), exercise-treated(EXE), Rhodiola sachalinensis-treated(Rho), combine of Rho & EXE (Rho-EXE). All animals of exercise training (EXE, Rho-EXE) performed treadmill running for 8 weeks, and animals of Rho groups (Rho, Rho-EXE) were dosed daily by gastric gavage during the same period. After experiment, blood were taken for analyses of glucose, insulin, and lipids levels. Mitochondrial oxidative enzyme (citrate synthase, CS ; $\beta$-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, $\beta$-HAD) activity were analysed. Skeletal muscles were dissected out for analyses of proteins (GLUT4, VAMP2, syntaxin4, SNAP23). Results are as follows. Exercise and/or Rhodiola sachalinensis administration significantly reduced body weight and improved blood lipids (TG, FFA), and increased insulin sensitivity. Endurance exercise significantly increased the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and the expression of GLUT4 protein, however, administration of Rhodiola sachalinensis did not affect them. The effect of exercise and/or Rhodiola sachalinensis administration on the expression of SNARE proteins was unclear. Our study suggested that improvement insulin sensitivity by exercise and/or Rhodiola sachalinensis administration in obese Zucker rats is independent of expression of SNARE proteins.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2015

Background: The biological actions of various ginseng extracts have been studied for treating obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of fermented Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) on metabolic syndrome. The present study evaluated the antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of fermented red ginseng (FRG) on old-aged, obese, leptin-deficient (B6.V-Lepob, "ob/ob") mice. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups and given water containing 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% FRG for 16 wk. The effect of FRG on ob/ob mice was determined by measuring changes in body weight, levels of blood glucose, serum contents of triglycerides, total cholesterol and free fatty acids, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of key factors associated with insulin action, such as insulin receptor (IR), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose transporter 1 and 4 (GLUT1 and GLUT4), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR-{\gamma}$), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver and in muscle, and histology of the liver and pancreas. Results: FRG-treated mice had decreased body weight and blood glucose levels compared with control ob/ob mice. However, anti-obesity effect of FRG was not evident rather than hypoglycemic effect in old aged ob/ob mice. The hyperlipidemia in control group was attenuated in FRG-treated ob/ob mice. The mRNA expressions of IR, LPL, GLUT1, GLUT4, $PPAR-{\gamma}$, and PEPCK in the liver and in muscle were increased in the FRG-treated groups compared with the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that FRG may play a vital role in improving insulin sensitivity relative to reducing body weight in old-aged ob/ob mice.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2017

삼채(Allium species)는 전통적인 약재나 건강 증진 식품으로 사용되어 왔다. 특히, Allium hookeri (A. hookeri)는 제 2형 당뇨병 모델 마우스에서 혈당 감소 효과가 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 A. hookeri 추출물이 3T3-L1 세포에서 인슐린 민감성을 증진시키는지 시험하였다. 3T3-L1 지방세포분화가 불완전하게 유도되는 저농도의 인슐린 조건에서, A. hookeri 추출물은 세포 내 지방 함량을 증가시키고, 분화 유도 전사인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 발현을 상승시켰다. 또한, A. hookeri 추출물은 포도당 수송체 4(GLUT4)의 발현을 증가시킴으로써 세포 내 포도당 흡수(glucose uptake)를 향상시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 A. hookeri 추출물이 인슐린 민감성을 증진시켜 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 GLUT4를 활성화하고, 세포 내 포도당 흡수를 촉진한다는 사실을 보여준다. 따라서, A. hookeri 추출물은 당뇨병의 예방 및 치료에 임상적으로 응용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

본 연구는 갈조류 유래 물질인 후코이단이 인슐린 민감성을 증진시키는지를 규명하기 위하여 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 포도당 흡수에 미치는 후코이단의 영향을 측정하고 그 작용기전을 조사하였다. 후코이단은 지방세포에서 포도당 흡수를 유의하게 증가시켰으며 이는 PM-GLUT4의 발현 증가와 관련이 있음을 관찰하였다. 후코이단은 인슐린 신호전달 경로에서 PI3K의 활성화 및 pIRS1tyr, Akt, PKCλ/ζ의 인산화를 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가시켰다. 또한, AMPK의 활성화를 나타내는 pAMPK 수준이 유의하게 증가하였다. 이들 PI3K 및 AMPK 활성화는 포도당 수송체인 GLUT4를 세포막으로 이동시켰으며 이로 인하여 PM-GLUT4의 발현이 증가되고 포도당 흡수가 촉진되었다. 후코이단에 의한 PI3K 및 AMPK 경로의 활성화를 증명하기 위해, PI3K 억제제인 Wortmannin과 AMPK의 억제제인 Compound C를 사용하여 이들 처리에 의한 포도당 흡수능과 PM-GLUT4의 발현을 측정한 결과 이들의 발현이 유의하게 저해되었다. 따라서 후코이단은 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 PI3K 및 AMPK 경로를 활성화시킴으로써 인슐린 민감성을 증진하고 포도당 흡수를 촉진시킬 수 있음을 나타내었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of licorice supplementation on muscle injury, plasma cortisol, testosterone and insulin sensitivity after high intensity resistance exercise. Methods : The fourteen health college male students were voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups: Control group (CON, n=7), Licorice group (LR, n=7). LR group ingested 2 g/time of licorice extract (mixed with 100 ml of water) two times/day for 10 days while the CON group ingested 100 ml of water. All subjects performed a high intensity resistance exercise (half-squat, 8 RM at 80% one-repetition maximum, 5 sets, 1min rest). Blood samples were collect before (-7) and after (0) licorice supplementation, and then 1 day, 2 day and 3 day post exercise. After 10 day treatment, plasma creatine kinase, cortisol, testosterone, glucose, insulin were measured. To determine the insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR was calculated. Results : Plasma creatine kinase activities were significantly elevated after exercise, but there was not different between two groups. The plasma cortisol and testosterone levels were not significantly different between two groups. Plasma glucose levels were increased at 1 day and 2 day after exercise in the LR comparing with CON group (P<0.05) but plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in comparison with CON. HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the LR than CON group at 0 day to 3 day (P<0.05). Conclusions : The results of the current study suggest that licorice supplementation for 10 days might not attenuate the high-intensity exercise-induce muscle injury but may enhance the whole-body insulin sensitivity.

• 센서학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2018

In this paper, the $TiO_2$/glucose oxidase (GOD) mixture has synthesized through simple and low-cost fabrication methods. The physical properties of the mixture were proved using an FT-IR/NIR spectrometer, an X-Ray diffractometer, and a Raman spectrometer. GOD maintained its bioactivity during all fabrication process. The current characteristics of the glucose biosensor were proportional to the glucose concentration and effective surface area of square pyramid on a silicon substrate. The maximum current change was measured in a pH 7.0 buffer solution. The simple and low-cost fabrication process and surface treatment can be used widely in previous research for improvements in effective surface area.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2017

In this study, an amperometric non-enzymatic glucose sensor was developed on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by simply drop-casting the synthesized homogeneous suspension of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets with a copper metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) composite. Comprehensive analytical methods, including field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and amperometry, were used to investigate the surface and electrochemical characteristics of the h-BN-Cu-MOF composite. The FE-SEM, FT-IR, and XRD results showed that the h-BN-Cu-MOF composite was formed successfully and exhibited a good porous structure. The electrochemical results showed a sensor sensitivity of $18.1{\mu}A{\mu}M^{-1}cm^{-2}$ with a dynamic linearity range of $10-900{\mu}M$ glucose and a detection limit of $5.5{\mu}M$ glucose with a rapid turnaround time (less than 2 min). Additionally, the developed sensor exhibited satisfactory anti-interference ability against dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, urea, and nitrate, and thus, can be applied to the design and development of non-enzymatic glucose sensors.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.536-541
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• 2017

Hyperglycemia found in diabetes mellitus causes several physiological abnormalities including the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress. Accumulation of AGEs and elevation of oxidative stress plays major roles in the development of diabetic complications. Adiponectin secreted from adipocytes is known to improve insulin sensitivity and blood glucose level. Curcumin (CCM), a bioactive component of turmeric, has been reported as a potent antioxidant. Present work aimed to elucidate the roles of CCM in high glucose-induced protein glycation and intracellular events in mature adipocytes. The results demonstrated that CCM inhibited the formation of fluorescent AGEs by approximated 52% at 3 weeks of bovine serum albumin (BSA) glycation with glucose. Correspondingly, CCM decreased the levels of fructosamine and ${\alpha}-dicarbonyl$ compounds during BSA glycation with glucose. These data suggested that CCM might be a new promising anti-glycation agent. Also, CCM reduced high glucose-induced oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner, whereas CCM treatment time-dependently elevated the expression of adiponectin gene in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The findings from this study suggested the possibility of therapeutic use of CCM for the prevention of diabetic complications and obesity-related diseases.

• 멤브레인
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.70-78
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• 1993

글루코오즈(GOD) 옥시다제가 고정화된 PVA/키토산 플렌드막과 다공성 폴리아미드 복합막을 통해 인슐린의 투과거동을 살펴보았다. GOD가 고정화된 막을 통한 투과계수는 $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-7}\textrm{cm}^3cm/\textrm{cm}^2sec$이었다. 복합막의 클루코오즈 농도에 대한 변화는 낮은 글루코오즈 농도에서 높았는데 이는 막으로부터 산소의 고갈 때문이었다. PVA/키토산 및 다공성 폴리아미드막을 통한 인슐린의 투과는 글루코오즈 농도에 따라 500mg%까지 점차 증가하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relations and odds ratio between hs-CRP and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome according to glucose intolerance and diabetes among the residents of a rural community. Methods: The subjects include 1,968 adults aged from 40 to 70 who were divided into four groups and a diabetes group according to glucose intolerance to compare the relations and risk ratio between hs-CRP and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Results: The results reveal that the greater the subjects' glucose intolerance was, the higher their hs-CRP became and the more risk factors of metabolic syndrome they had. The impaired glucose tolerance group showed 1.7 times higher blood pressure than the control group. The diabetes group showed a high odds ratio with 2.3 times higher blood pressure, 2.2 times higher abdominal obesity, and 2.4 times higherW/Ht than the control group. And the odds ratio increased significantly by 1.7 times in the hs-CRP intermediate risk group and 2.5 times in the high risk group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Considering the study results, it is very important to monitor abdominal obesity, blood pressure and the intermediate and high risk group of hs-CRP in order to reduce the contraction of cardiovascular diseases.