• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2011

사불화탄소($CF_4$)는 반도체 제조공정에서 에칭과 반응기 세척에서 사용되어온 가스이다. $CF_4$는 적외선을 강하게 흡수하고 대기 중 잔류시간이 길어서 지구온난화에 영향을 미치기 때문에 고효율의 분해가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 플라즈마와 워터젯을 결합하여 워터젯 글라이딩 아크 플라즈마 시스템을 개발하고, 이를 이용하여 $CF_4$를 고효율로 분해할 수 있도록 방전영역을 증가시키고 다량의 OH 라디칼을 생성시킬 수 있는 최적의 조업 조건을 결정하였다. 공정 실험 변수로는 워터젯 주입량, $CF_4$ 초기 농도, 전체 가스량과 주입에너지량(SEI : Specific energy input)을 선정하였다. 변수실험을 통하여 워터젯 주입량이 25.5 mL/min, $CF_4$ 초기 농도 2.2%, 전체 가스량 9.2 L/min, SEI 7.2 kJ/L일 때 $CF_4$ 분해율은 최고 97%까지 도달하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2017

This paper proposes a hydrogen-based social economy derived from fuel cells capable of replacing fossil fuels and resolving global warming, It thus provides an entry for developing economically feasible social configurations to make use of bio-hydrogen production systems. Bio-hydrogen production works from the principle that microorganisms decompose water in the process of converting CO to $CO_2$, thereby producing hydrogen. This study parts from an analysis of an existing 157-ton class NA1 bio-hydrogen reactor that identifies the state of feedstock and reactor conditions. Based on this analysis, we designed a 1-ton class bio-hydrogen reactor process simulator. We carried out thermal analyses of biological heat reactions, sensible heat, and heat radiation in order to calculate the thermal load of each system element. The reactor temperature changes were determined by modeling the feed mixing tank capacity, heat exchange, and heat storage tank. An analysis was carried out to confirm the condition of the feed mixing tank, heat exchanger, heat storage tank capacity as well as the operating conditions of the system so as to maintain the target reactor temperature.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2016

In severe loss of coolant accidents (LOCA), similar to those experienced at Fukushima Daiichi and Three Mile Island Unit 1, the zirconiumalloy fuel claddingmaterials are rapidlyheateddue to nuclear decay heating and rapid exothermic oxidation of zirconium with steam. This heating causes the cladding to rapidly react with steam, lose strength, burst or collapse, and generate large quantities of hydrogen gas. Although maintaining core cooling remains the highest priority in accident management, an accident tolerant fuel (ATF) design may extend coping and recovery time for operators to restore emergency power, and cooling, and achieve safe shutdown. An ATF is required to possess high resistance to steam oxidation to reduce hydrogen generation and sufficient mechanical strength to maintain fuel rod integrity and core coolability. The initiative undertaken by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is to demonstrate the feasibility of developing an ATF cladding with capability to maintain its integrity in $1,200-1,500^{\circ}C$ steam for at least 24 hours. This ATF cladding utilizes thin-walled Mo-alloys coated with oxidation-resistant surface layers. The basic design consists of a thin-walled Mo alloy structural tube with a metallurgically bonded, oxidation-resistant outer layer. Two options are being investigated: a commercially available iron, chromium, and aluminum alloy with excellent high temperature oxidation resistance, and a Zr alloy with demonstratedcorrosionresistance.Asthese composite claddings will incorporate either no Zr, or thin Zr outer layers, hydrogen generation under severe LOCA conditions will be greatly reduced. Key technical challenges and uncertainties specific to Moalloy fuel cladding include: economic core design, industrial scale fabricability, radiation embrittlement, and corrosion and oxidation resistance during normal operation, transients, and severe accidents. Progress in each aspect has been made and key results are discussed in this document. In addition to assisting plants in meeting Light Water Reactor (LWR) challenges, accident-tolerant Mo-based cladding technologies are expected to be applicable for use in high-temperature helium and molten salt reactor designs, as well as nonnuclear high temperature applications.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2011

This study examined the energy performance according to the main design parameters of a solar water heating system for an office building using the life cycle cost (LCC) optimization simulations. The LCC optimization simulations of the system were conducted with TRNSYS and GenOpt employing the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm for cases where water temperature was $60^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$. The results showed that for water temperature at $60^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ the global radiation incident on the collector could be decreased by 16.98% and 28.52%, collector useful energy gain could be decreased by 15.04% and 22.59%, energy to load from storage tank could be decreased by 10.86% and 18.06% and AH energy to load could be increased by 16.86% and 38.50% respectively compared to a non-optimized system. The annual average collection efficiency of the collector was increased by 0.88% for $60^{\circ}C$ and 2.78% for $50^{\circ}C$ because of increase of collector slope and decrease of the mass flow rate per collector area. The annual average efficiency of the system was increased by 1.74% and 3.47% compared to the basis system. However, the annual solar fraction of the system was decreased by 6.68% for $60^{\circ}C$ and 11.26% for $50^{\circ}C$ due to decrease of collector area and storage tank volume.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2021

비행운은 항공기 엔진에서 발생하는 배기가스가 고고도의 공기와 혼합되어 수증기가 응결되면서 생성되는 구름이다. 비행운은 지구에서 방출되는 복사선을 흡수하거나 반사시키는 방식으로 온실효과를 만들어 지구 온난화를 악화시키는 것으로 알려져 있어 지구 온난화 극복을 위해서는 반드시 저감되어야 한다. 본 연구를 통해 비행운 발생을 정량적으로 예측 할 수 있는 모델을 개발하고, 이를 통해 향후 항공기 인증 항목이 될 가능성이 있는 항공기의 비행운 저감 규제에 대비하고자 한다. 연구에서는 기존 선행 연구 결과를 바탕으로 도쿄-칭다오 간 항로를 비행하는 항공기의 비행운 발생을 예측하는 모델을 개발하고, 비행 고도를 일부 변경하여 비행운 발생을 최소화 할 수 있는 향상된 비행고도를 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2019

민감도 향상을 위해 블록형 섬광체를 사용한 검출기를 개발하였다. 픽셀형 섬광체는 섬광체에서 발생된 빛을 최대한 광센서로 이동시키기 위해 픽셀 사이에 반사체가 위치하며, 반사체 부분으로 민감도 손실이 발생한다. 민감도를 향상시키고 픽셀형 섬광체의 특징을 가지게 하기 위해 블록형 섬광체를 레이저 각인을 통해 픽셀 형태의 섬광체로 가공하였다. 본 섬광체를 위치민감형 광전증배관과 결합하여 평면 영상을 획득하였고, 각 픽셀별 에너지 스펙트럼과, 에너지 분해능을 측정하였으며, GATE 시뮬레이션을 통해 블록형 섬광체와 픽셀 섬광체의 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 측정된 전체 에너지 분해능은 20.7%를 보였으며, 민감도는 픽셀 섬광체에 비해 18.5% 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 본 검출기를 감마카메라 및 양전자방출단층촬영기기 등의 영상화 기기에 활용할 경우 높은 민감도 향상을 통해 촬영시간의 단축 및 적은 방사선원 사용으로 환자의 피폭선량 감소를 이룰 수 있을 것이다.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

사불화탄소($CF_4$)는 반도체 제조공정에서 플라즈마 에칭과 화학기상증착(CVD)에서 사용되어온 가스이다. $CF_4$는 적외선을 강하게 흡수하고 대기 중 잔류시간이 길어서 지구온난화에 영향을 미치기 때문에 고효율의 분해가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 플라즈마와 워터젯을 결합하여 방전영역을 증가시키고 다량의 OH 라디칼을 생성시켜 $CF_4$를 고효율로 분해할 수 있는 워터젯 글라이딩 아크 플라즈마 시스템을 개발하였다. 실험 변수로 전극 형태, 전극 각도, 가스 노즐직경, 전극 간격과 전극 길이를 취하였다. 변수실험을 통하여 Arc 형태의 전극에서 전극 각도가 $20^{\circ}$, 가스 노즐 직경이 3 mm, 전극 간격이 3 mm, 전극 길이가 120 mm일 때 $CF_4$ 분해율은 최고 93.4%까지 도달하였다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Many abnormal climate events are occurring around the world. The cause of abnormal climate is related to temperature. Factors that affect temperature include excessive emissions of carbon and greenhouse gases from a global perspective, and air circulation from a local perspective. Due to the air circulation, many abnormal climate phenomena such as abnormally high temperature and abnormally low temperature are occurring in certain areas, which can cause very serious human damage. Therefore, the problem of abnormal temperature should not be approached only as a case of climate change, but should be studied as a new category of climate crisis. In this study, we proposed a model for the classification of abnormal temperature using random forests based on various meteorological data such as longitudinal observations, yellow dust, ultraviolet radiation from 2018 to 2022 for each region in Korea. Here, the meteorological data had an imbalance problem, so the imbalance problem was solved by oversampling. As a result, we found that the variables affecting abnormal temperature are different in different regions. In particular, the central and southern regions are influenced by high pressure (Mainland China, Siberian high pressure, and North Pacific high pressure) due to their regional characteristics, so pressure-related variables had a significant impact on the classification of abnormal temperature. This suggests that a regional approach can be taken to predict abnormal temperatures from the surrounding meteorological environment. In addition, in the event of an abnormal temperature, it seems that it is possible to take preventive measures in advance according to regional characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2024

Despite improvements in operative techniques and perioperative care, post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains the most serious cause of morbidity and mortality after surgery, and several risk factors have been identified to predict PHLF. Although volumetric assessment using imaging contributes to surgical simulation by estimating the function of future liver remnants in predicting PHLF, liver function is assumed to be homogeneous throughout the liver. The combination of volumetric and functional analyses may be more useful for an accurate evaluation of liver function and prediction of PHLF than only volumetric analysis. Gadoxetic acid is a hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent that is taken up by hepatocytes via the OATP1 transporter after intravenous administration. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging (MRI) offers information regarding both global and regional functions, leading to a more precise evaluation even in cases with heterogeneous liver function. Various indices, including signal intensity-based methods and MR relaxometry, have been proposed for the estimation of liver function and prediction of PHLF using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Recent developments in MR techniques, including high-resolution hepatobiliary phase images using deep learning image reconstruction and whole-liver T1 map acquisition, have enabled a more detailed and accurate estimation of liver function in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

In Recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the global incidence of breast cancer, with approximately 2.3 million cases of female breast cancer reported worldwide in 2020. Numerous studies are currently underway to enhance the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis through the development of digital mammography detectors. This study aims to create Monte Carlo simulation-based mammographic anti-scatter grids and investigate their utility in evaluating the performance of digital mammography detector. Two types of mammographic anti-scatter grids, MAM-CP and Senographe 600T HF, were created using Monte Carlo simulation software (MCNPX 2.7.0), with grid ratios of 3.7 : 1 and 5 : 1, respectively. The grid physical characteristics (sensitivity, exposure factor, contrast improvement ratio) were calculated based on the KS C IEC60627 in the simulations using two X-ray qualities, RQA-M2 (28 kVp) and MW4 (35 kVp). As the X-ray tube voltage increased from 28 kVp to 35 kVp, sensitivity and exposure factor exhibited a decreasing trend, while contrast improvement ratio demonstrated an increasing trend. With an increase in grid ratio from 3.7 : 1 to 5 : 1, all physical characteristics showed an upward trend. Our results were consistent with a previous study that conducted measurements of physical properties using a real phantom. However, the pattern of change in the contrast improvement ratio with X-ray tube voltage differed from the previous study.