• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 우리나라 실정에 맞는 개 디스템퍼에 대한 예방접종 프로토콜을 마련하기 위하여, 국내에서 사용 중인 4종류의 상업용 백신과 3 가지의 예방접종 스케줄에 따른 강아지의 면역형성 능력을 비교 평가하였다. 생후 6주령에 예방접종을 실시하기 위하여 동물병원에 내원한 120두의 강아지를 4종류의 백신[C, G, K, V (또는 V3)군]과 예방접종 스케줄(2, V4 군)에 따라 20두씩 임의배치 하여 C, G, K, V(또는 3)군은 3주 간격으로 3회(6, 9, 12주), V2 군은 5회(6, 8, 10, 12, 14주), V4 군은 3회(6, 10, 14주)에 피하로 예방접종을 실시하였다. 초유를 섭취한 7마리 강아지의 모체이행 항체의 소장상태를 확인한 결과 모체이행항체는 생후 6주령에 방어수준 이하로 떨어졌다. 백신에 따른 면역형성능에서 V 백신의 면역형성 능력이 다른 백신보다 우수하였으며 백신 종류에 따라 면역형성 능력에 차이가 인정되어 사용되는 백신의 효능을 주기적으로 평가하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 가장 효과적인 예방접종 스케줄은 6주령에 예방접종을 시작하여 3주 간격으로 3회 접종하는 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 예방접종을 실시한 모든 군의 대부분의 강아지는 생후 9주령까지 항체가 수준이 방어수준 이하로 나타나 개 디스템퍼의 감염을 예방하기 위하여 이 시기까지는 감영위험성이 높은 곳에 노출되는 것을 피해야 할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1983

부산시내에 산재하고 있는 70여개소의 약수터중 11개소를 선정하여 이들의 수질관리에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 1981년 10월부터 1982년 9월까지 132개 시료를 취하여 대장균군, 분편계대장균, 일반생균수 및 대장균군의 조성을 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 11개소의 대장균군 최확수의 중앙치는 구포가 93/100ml로 제일 높았고, 수영, 연산동, 성지곡이 68/100ml 우동과 대신동이 59/100ml, 전포동, 망미동은 43/100ml 영도, 동래가 33/100ml그리고 감만동이 13.3/100ml로 제일 낮았으며 이들 중 6개소가 50/100ml 이상이었다. 2. 분편계대장균 최확수의 중앙치는 영도가 12.1/100ml으로 제일 불결하였고, 수영을 비롯한 8개소는 9.1/100ml, 우동은 6.4/100ml이었으며 감만동이 제일 깨끗하였다. 3. IMViC 반응에 의한 대장균군의 조성은 Escherichia coli group이 $7.64\%$, Klebsiella aerogenes group이 $16.78\%$, Citrobacter freundii group이 $42.86\%$, 기타가 $32.72\%$로 나타났었다. 4. 일반생균수의 중앙치는 $48{\sim}4.4{\times10}^2/ml$의 넓은 분포로서 보사부(1963)의 수질기준에 절반 지역이 초과되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.491-501
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• 2018

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare concentrations and the correspondence of human blood cadmium by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which are representative methods of heavy metal analysis. Methods: We randomly selected 79 people who agreed to participate in the research project. After confirming the linearity of the calibration curves for GF-AAS and ICP-MS, the concentrations of cadmium in a quality control standard material and blood samples were measured, and the correlation and the degree of agreement were compared. Results: The detection limit of ICP-MS (IDL: $0.000{\mu}g/L$, MDL: $0.06{\mu}g/L$) was lower than that of GF-AAS (IDL: $0.085{\mu}g/L$, MDL: $0.327{\mu}g/L$). The coefficient of variation of the quality control standard material showed stable values for both ICP-MS (clinchek-1: 5.35%, clinchek-2: 6.22%) and GF-AAS (clinchek-1: 7.92%, clinchek-2: 5.22%). Recovery was relatively high for both ICP-MS (clinchek-1: 95.1%, clinchek-2: 92.8%) and GF-AAS (clinchek-1: 91.4%, clinchek-2: 98.8%), with more than 90%. The geometric mean, median, and percentile of blood samples were all similar. The agreement of the two instruments compared with the bias of the analytical values found that about 81% of the analytical values were within ${\pm}30%$ of the deviation from the ideal reference line (y=0). As a result of the agreement limit, the value included in the confidence interval was about 94%, which shows high agreement. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed there was no significant difference in concentrations of a quality control standard material and blood samples. Since ICP-MS showed lower concentrations than GF-AAS at concentrations below the method detection limit of GF-AAS, it is expected that more precise results will be obtained by analyzing blood cadmium with ICP-MS.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2000

Purpose : Resection of the epileptogenic zone in the parietal and occipital lobes may be relevant although only few studies have been reported. Methods : Eight patients with parietal epilepsy and nine patients with occipital epilepsy were included for this study. Preoperatively, all had video-EEG monitoring with extracranial electrodes, MRI, 3D-surface rendering of MRI using Allegro(ISG Technologies Inc., Toronto, Canada), and PET scans. Sixteen patients underwent invasive recording with subdural grid. Eight had parietal resection including the sensory cortex in two. Seven had partial occipital resection. Two underwent total unilateral occipital lobectomy. The extent of the resection was made based mainly on the data of invasive EEG recordings, MRI, and 3D-surface rendering of MRI, not on the intraoperative electrocorticographic findings as usually done. During resection, electrocortical stimulation was performed on the motor cortex and speech area. Results : Out of eight patients with parietal epilepsy, three had sensory aura, two had gustatory aura, and two had visual aura. Six of nine patients with occipital epilepsy had visual auras. All had complex partial seizures with lateralizing signs in 15 patients. Four had quadrantopsia. One had mild right hemiparesis. Abnormality in MRI was noticed in six out of eight parietal epilepsy and in eight out of nine occipital epilepsy. 3D-surface rendering of MRI visualized volumetric abnormality with geometric spatial relationships adjacent to the normal brain, in all of parietal and occipital epilepsy. Surface EEG recording was not reliable in localizing the epileptogenic zone in any patient. The subdural grid electrodes can be implanted on the core of the structural abnormality in 3D-reconstructed brain. Ictal onset zone was localized accurately by subdural grid EEGs in 16 patients. Motor cortex in nine and sensory speech area in two were identified by electrocortical stimulation. Histopathologic findings revealed cortical dysplasia in 10 patients ; tuberous sclerosis was combined in two, hamartoma and ganglioglioma in one each, and subpial gliosis in six. Eleven patients were seizure free at follow-up of 6 months to 37 months(mean 19.7 months) after surgery. Seizures recurred in two and were unchanged in one. Six produced transient sensory loss and one developed hemiparesis and tactile agnosia. One revealed transient apraxia. Two patients with preoperative quadrantopsia developed homonymous hemianopsia. Conclusion : This study suggests that surgical treatment was relevant in parietal and occipital epilepsies with good surgical outcome, without significant neurologic sequelae. Neuroimaging studies including conventional MRI, 3Dsurface rendering of MRI were necessary in identifying the epileptogenic zone. In particular, 3D-surface rendering of MRI was very helpful in presuming the epileptogenic zone in patients with unidentifiable lesion in the conventional MRI, in planning surgical approach to lesions, and also in making a decision of the extent of the epileptogenic zone in patients with identifiable lesion in conventional MRI. Invasive EEG recording with the subdural grid electrodes helped to confirm a core of the epileptogenic zone which was revealed in 3D-surface rendered brain.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

Particulate filtering facepiece respirators (PFFR) is one of the most widely used items of personal protective equipments, and a tight fit of the respirators on the wearers is critical for the protection effectiveness. In order to effectively protect the workers through the respirators, it is important to find and evaluate the ways that can be readily applicable at the workplace to improve the fit of the respirators. This study was designed to evaluate effects of mask style (cup or foldable type) and donning training on fit factors (FF) of the respirators, since these are available at various workplace, especially at small business workplace. A total of 40 study subjects, comprised of 30~50s aged male and female workers in metalworking industries, were enrolled in this study. The FF were quantitatively measured before and after training related to the proper donning and use of cup or foldable-type respirators. The pass/fail criterion of FF was set at 100. After the donning training for the cup-type mask, subjects who passed the fit test were increased from 10 to 33. Moreover, the geometric mean (GM) of FF was increased by 340% in subjects who failed the test. In addition, the training effects for the cup-type mask were significant in female and 50s aged subjects. On the other hand, although the GM of FF for the foldable-type mask was also increased after the donning training, the GM of FF for the foldable-type mask and it's increase rate were smaller as compared to the cup-type mask. Furthermore, the differences of the increase rates of the GM of FF in sex and aged of the subjects were not significantly for the foldable-type mask. The multi-distribution of leak points for the foldable-type mask may be one of causes for the less effect of training on the fit of the foldable-type mask. These results imply that the raining on the donning and use of PFFR can enhance the protection effectiveness of cup or foldable-type mask, and that the training effects for the foldable-type mask is less significant than that for the cup-type mask. Therefore, It is recommended that the donning training and fit tests should be conducted before the use of the PFFR, and that efficient tranining programs for the foldable-type mask are required.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2008

Lead chromate is made by sodium dichromate and lead acetate, and has being used widely in the part of pigment, paints, inks, plastics and so on. Even though lead chromate has health hazards which like both lead and chromium, there are a few study about pigment workplaces using lead chromate in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate workers' exposure levels and airborne lead and chromium concentration in the pigment workplaces using lead chromate. There are 20 workers in the total 5 workplaces. 10 workers(50%) have been exposed to lead and 3 workers(15%) have been exposed to chromium, which exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (Pb: $0.05\;mg/m^3$, Cr: $0.012\;mg/m^3$) and Korean Ministry of Labor's Standard. Geometric mean (GM) of airborne lead was highest in pigment ($0.0421\;mg/m^3$), paint ($0.0020\;mg/m^3$) and PVC coloring ($0.0007\;mg/m^3$), respectively(p<0.05). The result of airborne chromium concentration was paint ($0.0033\;mg/m^3$), paint ($0.0004\;mg/m^3$) and PVC coloring ($0.0003\;mg/m^3$). Also the lead and chromium concentration in the manual process is each 30 times and 10 times higher than the value in automatic process(p<0.01). In the classified process by detail, the concentration of airborne lead was $0.0638\;mg/m^3$ in grinding & packaging, mixture & after-measuring ($0.0436\;mg/m^3$), filtration & drying ($0.0402\;mg/m^3$), lead nitrate & dissolution($0.0129\;mg/m^3$), pigment commitment & mixture ($0.0013\;mg/m^3$) and dispersion & grinding ($0.0010\;mg/m^3$) (p<0.05). Moreover the concentration of a sample in weighting & packaging was $0.0023\;mg/m^3$. The concentration of lead in workers' blood was pigment (15.12 ug/dl), paint (4.74 ug/dl) and PVC coloring (2.50 ug/dl), and some samples have exceeded biological exposure limit. In conclusion, the depending on their work industry and process, workers have been exposed to the high lead chromate.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2016

정사영상 제작에 주로 사용되는 기존의 항공사진측량 방법은 대규모 지역에 대해서는 효과적이나 소규모 지역에서는 비경제적이며, 지형지물의 지속적인 변화관측과 짧은 주기의 제작에는 어려움이 있다. 최근 다양한 센서들이 탑재된 무인항공기(UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)가 급격한 속도로 발전되고 있으며 이러한 무인항공기는 공간정보 분야에서도 다양하게 사용되고 있다. 무인항공기는 소규모지역에 대해서 신속하게 영상 자료 취득이 가능하며 적은 비용으로 영상자료들을 수시로 갱신할 수 있다. 또한, 불필요한 지역을 제외한 특정지역에 대해서만 공간정보 자료 취득이 가능함으로써 공간정보자료의 중복성을 최소화 할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 평지지역에 비해 상대적으로 정확도가 낮은 소규모 경사지역을 대상으로 일반용 저사양 무인항공기를 이용하여 정사영상과 수치표고모델 (DEM: Digital Elevation Model)을 생성하였으며, 검사점에 의한 평면 및 수직 좌표 성분의 RMSE는 σ_H = ±0.12 m, σ_V = ±0.09 m 의 정확도를 보였다. 그 결과 1/500 축척의 국토지리정보원 수치지도 기준 표준편차와 최대오차의 허용범위를 만족하였다. 이를 통하여 고가의 측량용 무인항공기가 아닌 일반용 저사양 무인항공기를 이용하여 소규모 경사지역의 정사영상 제작 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.427-442
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• 2002

이상의 연구 결과들을 요약해보면 CLA는 생체내외에서 다양한 생리활성 효과를 가지는 것을 알 수 있다. CLA의 주요 효과는 유방암, 췌장암, 피부암 및 대장암을 억제하는 효과, 동물체내에서의 면역력증강 효과, 동맥경화증에 대한 효과, 지방축적 억제효과, 체내 지방분해 촉진효과 및 식육에서의 항산화 효과와 육색안정 효과 등으로 요약된다. 그러므로 CLA는 건강보조식품으로 혹은 축산식품을 비롯한 다양한 식품의 기능성 첨가제로써의 충분한 가능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 이러한 CLA의 효과는 실험에 따라 다소간의 차이를 나타내고 또한 CLA의 생리활성 기작에 대한 정확한 이해가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 향후 CLA와 관련하여 다음과 같은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 1) 새로운 CLA 이성체의 발견 및 CLA 합성방법에 대한 연구 2) CLA가 가지는 각각의 생리활성 효과에 대한 정확한 기작을 밝히는 연구 3) CLA 이성체간의 생리활성 효과 차이에 대한 연구 4) CLA의 생리활성 효과를 극대화 할 수 있는 이성체간의 비율에 대한 연구 5) 기능성 식품첨가제로써의 CLA를 효과적으로 이용하는 방법 연구 6) CLA를 식용가축 및 축산물에 효과적으로 축적시키는 방법 연구 7) CLA를 이용한 육제품 및 유제품 개발 연구 8) 사람에 있어 CLA 효과에 대한 임상 연구.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제28권
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• pp.15.1-15.8
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the association between low-level mercury exposure and neurobehavioral functions in adults living in coastal regions of Korea. Methods We selected 172 adults aged 20-65 years living in a city in the coastal region of Korea. A sociodemographic survey was conducted, mercury levels in the blood, urine, and hair were measured, and the associations according to computerized neurobehavioral tests were determined using univariate analysis. After adjustment for associated variables, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed. Results The geometric mean mercury levels in the blood, urine, and hair were $5.41{\mu}g/L$ (range, $0.00-15.84{\mu}g/L$), $1.17{\mu}g/g$-creatinine (range, $0.00-32.86{\mu}g/g$-creatinine), and 1.37 mg/kg (range, 0.42-6.56 mg/kg), respectively. Variables that were associated with simple reaction time according to the neurobehavioral test results were age and urine mercury level. Variables associated with choice reaction time were the recent use of Korean traditional medicine and urine mercury level. Variables associated with the right-hand finger tapping speed test were age, gender, smoking behavior, education level, monthly household income, and urine mercury level. Variables associated with the left-hand finger tapping speed test were age, gender, education level, and urine mercury level. After adjustment for associated variables, there was no significant association between urine mercury level and simple reaction time (${\beta}=25.96$; p =0.47), choice reaction time (${\beta}=50.37$; p =0.32), or the number of left-hand finger taps (${\beta}=-1.54$; p =0.21). However, urine mercury level was significantly associated with the number of right-hand finger taps (${\beta}=-3.86$; p =0.01). Conclusions We found no evidence that low-level mercury exposure in adults is associated with deficits in neurobehavioral functions. A longer follow-up study is required to confirm this conclusion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2012

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global epidemic. In particular, it is known that there is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of MetS among women during the postmenopausal period. Recently, accumulating studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be inversely associated with the risk factors regarding MetS. However, evidence from postmenopausal women is limited. In this study, we examined the association between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the MetS in Korean adult women aged 20-69 years (n = 2,618) by using the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The geometric mean of plasma 25(OH)D were $17.16{\pm}6.28\;ng$/mL and $20.20{\pm}7.69\;ng$/mL for premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. The percentages of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL] were 22.5% and 14.4%, respectively. MetS was more prevalent in postmenopausal women (43.0%) compared with premenopausal women (11.2%). When serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were categorized in quintiles, there was no relationship in the prevalence of MetS in both premonopausal and postmenopausal women. However, in premenopausal women, compared with the lowest 25(OH)D quintile, the odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia in the highest quintile was 0.57 (95% CI 0.34-0.95, $P_{trend}$ = 0.041) and for low serum HDL cholesterol 0.60 (95% CI 0.42-0.85, $P_{trend}$ = 0.014) after adjusting for all potential confounders. On the other hand, we observed the tendency of an inverse relationship for 25(OH)D regarding low serum HDL cholesterol (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.50-1.22, $P_{trend}$ = 0.029) and a direct relationship with abdominal obesity (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.01, 3.74, $P_{trend}$ = 0.049) in postmenopausal women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in other research settings.