• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.645-652
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• 2007

The origin of domestic donkeys in China has been controversial. To clarify the origin of Chinese domestic donkeys, we investigated the partial mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 126 samples from 12 native breeds. The results revealed two mitochondrial origins, lineage Somali and lineage Nubian of African wild ass detected in Chinese domestic donkeys. Lineage Somali was predominant in Chinese domestic donkey breeds. The pattern of genetic variation in ass mtDNA D-loop sequences indicated that the two lineages Somali and Nubian from China had undergone population expansion events. In a combined analysis of lineages Somali and Nubian between previously published sequences from other countries/regions and sequences of Chinese domestic donkeys, the results indicated that the two lineages of Chinese domestic donkeys were from Africa and supported the African maternal origins of Chinese domestic donkeys. There was no obvious geographical structure in Chinese domestic donkey breeds, but the population showed abundant mtDNA diversity. The spread routes of Chinese domestic donkeys were also discussed.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 1994

우리나라에서 앞으로 적용가능한 식물의 서식처 및 종의 선정에 대한 보전평가기준 특히 식물적 가치에 대한 기준을 마련하기 위하여 1969년부터 1986년 사이에 발표된 야생동물의 보전가치의 평가에 관련된 논문에 발표된 기준을 재정리하였다. 희귀성, 다양성, 크기 및 정도 및 자연성 등은 대부분의 논문에서 사용되고 있는 기준이었다. 위와 같은 내용을 우리나라의 상황과 비교하여 서식처의 크기를 고려하여 16개의 요인을 정리하였다. 인간의 간섭, 생태적 분쇄성 및 희귀성 등은 서식처의 규모가 비교적 좁은 경우에 고려되어야 할 요인인 반면, 지역, 생태적 및 지리적 단위내에서의 다양성 위치 및 자연성 등은 입지의 규모가 큰 지역에 고려되어야 할 요인으로 판단되었다. 유일성, 전형성, 연구 및 교육적 가치 등은 규모의 크기 여하를 불문하고 고려되어야 할 요인으로 판단되었다. 본 기준이 우리나라에서 실제로 적용되어 앞으로 적용가능한 평가기준이 될 수 있도록 해야 하는 과제가 남아 있기는 하지만, 장차 우리나라에서 마련되어야 할 보호지역 및 특정식물의 평가기준을 위한 지침이 될 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.470-476
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• 2002

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis based on numerous polymorphic bands have been used to investigate genetic similarity and diversity among and within two cultured and wild populations represented by the species crucian carp (Carassius carassius). From RAPD analysis using five primers, a total of 442 polymorphic bands were obtained in the two populations and 273 were found to be specific to a wild population. 169 polymorphic bands were also produced in wild and cultured population. According to RAPD-based estimates, the average number of polymorphic bands in the wild population was approximately 1.5 times as diverse as that in cultured. The average number of polymorphic bands in each population was found to be different and was higher in the wild than in the cultured population. Comparison of banding patterns in the cultured and wild populations revealed substantial differences supporting a previous assessment that the populations may have been subjected to a long period of geographical isolation from each other. The values in wild population altered from 0.21 to 0.51 as calculated by bandsharing analysis. Also, the average level of bandsharing values was $0.40{\pm}0.05 $ in the wild population, compared to $0.69{\pm}0.08$ in the cultured. With reference to bandsharing values and banding patterns, the wild population was considerably more diverse than the cultured. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of crucian carp could help in formulating more effective strategies for managing this aquacultural fish species and also in evaluating the potential genetic effects induced by hatchery operations.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

국경을 넘어선 가상조직이 증가함에 따라 가상조직의 성과향상에 문화적 다양성이 미치는 영향도 점점 중요해지고 있다. 문화적 다양성은 조직 내 창의성을 향상시키기도 하지만, 조직원간의 상호간에 문제를 발생시켜 성과에 부정적 영향을 주기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 문화적 다양성이 가상조직의 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 했다. 실험과 설문을 통해 검증한 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, 문화적 다양성은 조직 내 갈등과 혼돈을 초래해 결과적으로 조직의 성과에 부정적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 문화적 다양성과 갈등, 혼돈, 그리고 성과간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석한 최초의 연구라는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2004

Genetic diversity of sub-Saharan African goats was assessed using 19 microsatellite markers. Breeds were sampled from eastern Africa (Maasai, Kigezi, Mubende, North West Highland, Arsi-Bale), southern Africa (Ndebele, Pafuri) and West Africa (West African Dwarf, Maure, Djallonke). European breeds (Grisons Striped, Toggenburg), Asian breeds (Mongolian Cashmere, Bandipur) and a Middle East breed (Arab) were also included. The mean number of alleles per locus and average gene diversity ranged from 5.26$\pm$0.464 (Djallonke) to 7.05$\pm$0.516 (Mubende) and from 0.542$\pm$0.036 (Pafuri) to 0.672$\pm$0.031 (Ndebele), respectively. The between breeds variation evaluated using $$G_{ST}$$ and $\theta$ were found to account for 14.6% ($\theta$) and 15.7% ($$G_{ST}$$) of the total genetic variation. The $D_{A}$ measure of genetic distance between pairs of breeds indicated that the largest genetic distance was between Pafuri and Djallonke while the lowest genetic distance was between Arsi-Bale and North West Highland. A neighbour-joining tree of breed relationships revealed that the breeds were grouped according to their geographic origins. Principal component analysis supported the grouping of the breeds according to their geographic origins. It was concluded that the relationships of sub-Saharan African goat breeds were according to their geographical locations implying that the goats of eastern Africa, West Africa and southern Africa are genetically distinct. Within each sub-region, goat populations could be differentiated according to morphological characteristics.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2010

2009년 4월 제주도의 운진항에서 채집한 해양 해면 Spirastrella abata와 Cinachyrella sp.의 공생 세균의 주요 군집구조를 16SrDNA-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 방법을 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. S. abata와 Cinachyrella sp.는 각각 7개와 8개의 DGGE 밴드를 나타내었으며 이들을 적출하여 염기서열을 분석한 결과, NCBI에 등록된 서열들과 92-100%의 유사도를 나타내었다. S. abata의 주요 공생세균은 Alphaproteobacteria와 Deltaproteobacteria에 속하였으며, Cinachyrella sp.의 경우 Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria와 Actinobacteria에 속하는 세균으로 구성되었다. 두 종의 해면에서 공통되는 공생세균 그룹은 Alphaproteobacteria였으며 이 세균 그룹은 두 종의 해면 모두에서 우점하였다. Deltaproteobacteria는 S. abata에서, Actinobacteria와 Gammaproteobacteria는 Cinachyrella sp.에서만 관찰되었다. 동일지역에서 채집한 서로 다른 두 종의 해면은 각각 다른 공생세균 군집구조를 나타내었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.28-41
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• 1989

가야산 국립공원과 홍류동 및 치인지구의 삼림군집을 대상으로 ordination 및 classification의 정량적 분석기법을 사용하여 식물군집구조를 밝히고 천이계열을 추정하기 위하여 40개의 조사구(1조사구당 500$m^2$)를 설치하였다. TWINSPAN에 의한 Classification분석에서 최종적으로 8개의 군집으로 분리되었고, 건조형군집은 소나무 및 잣나무가 우점종이었으며, 습윤형은 졸참나무, 신갈나무, 서어나무, 까치박달나무가 우점종이었다. 습윤형은 다시 표고에 의해 구분할 수 있었으며 낮은 표고에서의 군집은 졸참나무가, 높은 표고에서의 군집은 신갈나무가 우점종이었다. DCA에 의한 ordination결과는 제1축에서 소나무가 우점종인 군집과 졸참나무, 신갈나무, 서어나무, 까치박달나무가 우점종인 군집으로 분리되었고, TWINSPAN의 제1 division의 결과와 거의 일치하였다. DCA의 제1축과 토양수분, 토양산도, 표고, 최대종다양도, Shannon의 종다양도지수와는 고도의 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 유사도지수는 각군집간에 매우 낮은 값이었으며, 각 군집의 종다양성분석에서는 각 군집의 우점종에 따라 큰 차이가 있었다. 개체수와 종수와의 관계는 개체수가 증가할 수록 종수는 감소하였으며, 개체수가 증가할 수록 종다양성지수는 감소하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.142-163
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• 2009

Taebaek city is located in the mountainous plateau area therefore the major industry was coal industry. According to dramatically declining of the major industry, Taebaek city is need to alternative industry which associated with considering the geographical characteristics of natural tourism resources for increasing the local economy. On the basis of these reasons, this study can be suggested ecological planning and mitigation of deterioration technique about the these study site. That is the reserved area for mountainous experience theme park. As the results of environmental ecology assessment are following as; The natural ecosystem areas, multi-layer structure forest such as forest of Pinus densiflora, forest of Quercus mongolica and deciduous forest have a high value of nature, diversity and potential. In addition, wild bird habitats were important area as a inhabitation, breeding, feeding and hiding. Therefore, on these areas should be preserved. Also, it needs to conserve on there such as more than three types of wild bird inhabitate areas, the fringe of high biological diversity, the wetland that have got good vegetation condition and the function of amphibia, reptiles crossing. In addition, inhabitation, the waterway of wetland form that have got wide waterside width needs to conserve. In conclusion, on the basis of analysis results such as conditions of plan, environment, ecological assessments, survey informations are able to suggest the connectivity of the axis of forest and management plan. Moreover, in the part of forest restoration plan, we suggest the plan of transplant for a compensation of damaged forest by land use.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2020

Here, we investigated fungal microbiota in the understory root layer of representative well-conserved geographically segregated natural wetlands in the Korean Peninsula. We obtained 574,143 quality fungal sequences in total from soil samples in three wetlands, which were classified into 563 operational taxonomic units (OTU), 5 phyla, 84 genera. Soil texture, total nitrogen, organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity of soil were variable between geographical sites. We found significant differences in fungal phyla distribution and ratio, as well as genera variation and richness between the wetlands. Diversity was greater in the Jangdo islands wetland than in the other sites (Chao richness/Shannon/Simpson's for wetland of the Jangdo islands: 283/6.45/0.97 > wetland of the Mt. Gariwang primeval forest: 169/1.17/0.22 > wetland of the Hanbando geology: 145/4.85/0.91), and this variance corresponded to the confirmed number of fungal genera or OTUs (wetlands of Jangdo islands: 42/283> of Mt. Gariwang primeval forest: 32/169> of the Hanbando geology: 25/145). To assess the uniqueness of the understory root layer fungus taxa, we analyzed fungal genera distribution. We found that the percentage of fungal genera common to two or three wetland sites was relatively low at 32.3%, while fungal genera unique to each wetland site was 67.7% of the total number of identified fungal species. The Jangdo island wetland had higher fungal diversity than did the other sites and showed the highest level of uniqueness among fungal genera (Is. Jangdo wetland: 34.5% > wetland of Mt. Gariwang primeval forest: 28.6% > wetland of the Hanbando geology: 16.7%).