• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.321-325
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• 2023

A new species, Monoblastus forsythia sp. nov. is described from South Korea. All specimens of this new species were collected on Forsythia koreana (Nakai). A taxonomic study of South Korean Monoblastus was initiated by Uchida in 1930, and until now four species have been recorded from South Korea. The genus Monoblastus is a Holarctic genus with 31 described species, 14 species are Nearctic, seven are Western Palaearctic region, and nine species occur in Eastern Palaearctic region. In the study, I provide description and photos of both sexes of this new species. Also, modified key to species of the South Korean Monoblastus is provided.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2005

RAPD analysis was performed to discuss the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships among the tribe Forsythieae and related groups. Two hundred and eighteen scorable polymorphic bands were detected from fourteen oligonucleotide primers. From the results of RAPD analysis by Nei and Li's genetic distance, each individuals of Abeliophyllum distichum showed high genetic relationships with ranging from 0.085 to 0.301, also the genus Forsythia showed from 0.042 to 0.655 among the species and populations. But, Abeliophyllum and Forsythia showed distinct dissimilarity, ranging from 0.610 to 1.258. And genetic differences among the population of Forsythia were 0.042 in F. koreana, 0.275 in F. saxatilis, 0.275 in F. ovata, 0.279 in F. nakaii, and 0.249 in F. viridissima. The UPGMA phenogram of tribe Forsythieae based on the results of RAPD analysis were presented that Abeliophyllum is distinct genus different from Forsythia. NJ tree which applied as the outgroups Fontanesia and Jasminum was derived, and it showed that tribe Forsythieae might be a monophyletic group. The genus Fontanesia was showed as sister group of tribe Forsythieae. Among the populations of taxa in Forsythia, F. koreana and F. saxatilis were more closely related, and F. ovata and F. nakaii were very closely related to F.japonica. And Fontanesia was the sister group of tribe Forsythieae.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1961

Harn, Chang Yawl (Chonpuk U., Iri, Korea)-Studies on the interspecific crossing of FORSYTHIA genus. Kor. Jour. Bot. 4(1)1~8 1961: Interspecific crossing of two species, F. saxatilis and F. Koreana, was carried out in order to make clear the segregation ratio of style length, mode of fertility, the fertility of F1 generation, dioecism, and other taxonomic question, the result of which being summarized as follows: 1) Style length is segregated into 1:1 ratio. 2) The behaviro of fertility in the legitimate and illegitimate unions between the different species is exactly like that in the two dimorphic forms of the same species. 3) The mode of fertility between the long and short style of the F1 generation also follows that of the heterostyle plants. 4) No difficulties or irregularities are observed in the interspecific crossing and the F1's fertility. 5) In F1 generation exceedingly high morphological and physiological variations are observed. 6) The short style individual is well fertilized and sets seed when legitimately combined. The insistence that the short style is male, this genus being dioecious, is groundless. 7) Among F1 individuals, are observed a few dwarf-types with tiny and weak vegetative and reproductive organs. 8) The two species used behave in many ways like the different styles of the same species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2011

Traditionally, the Oleaceae has been divided into subfamilies Oleoideae and Jasminoideae. In the present paper, the taxonomical results so far made on the family were reviewed on the basis of palynology. The subfamilial classification is not well supported palynoligically, because both Myxopyrum of Jasminoideae and Comoranthus of Oleoideae having foveolate surface are well distinguished from the rest of the family having reticulate surface. The recent subfamily Nyctanthoideae (Takhtajan, 1977) including the monotypic Nyctanthus, was suggested to be included within the Jasminoideae although its closest relative on the palynological basis is different from that on the molecular basis. Tribal classification systems of the Jasminoideae are not well supported palynologically on the basis of surface character: presence or absence of bands on the mural ridge surface of the reticulum. On the basis of palynology, tribe Forsythiae including Abeliophyllum, Fontanesia, and Forsythia is monophyletic, and Fontanesia is well distinguished from the rest two. Korean species of Forsythia is divided into two: Forsythia koreana group and F. ovata-nakaii-saxatilis group. Recent discovery of F. saxatilis at a locality of F. ovata raised a question if the distinction between the two species on the basis of hairiness would be right. In the recent molecular studies, F. saxatilis var. lanceolata seems to be identified as F. saxatilis. Molecular studies showed that F. saxatilis (seemingly var. lanceolata or var. pilosa) is close to F. koreana. The fact in which the molecular result showed a close relationship between F. saxatilis varieties and F. koreana, is controversial to the result by floral and vegetative morphology. An intensive taxonomic study of these taxa would be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.31-35
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• 1984

These experiments were carried out to investigate anatomical properties of Forsythia in Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follows: It was estimated that the vessel of cross section was almost simple pore and multiple pores which were compounded two or three units were showed sometimes and arrangement of vessel were ring porous wood. In the mean length of vessel, Forsythia koreana was ranged $539.98{\pm}154.71{\mu}$ and Forsythia ovata $602.22{\pm}157.38{\mu}$ and Forsythia nakaii T. Lee $465.50{\pm}83.02{\mu}$. In the mean length of fiber wood, Forsythia koreana $387.40{\pm}68.23{\mu}$, and Forsythia ovata was $533.90{\pm}106.77{\mu}$ and Forsythia nakaii T. Lee was $482.40{\pm}72.33{\mu}$. The type of Ray parenchyma was heterogeneous ray I tissue. The mean length of procumbent ray cell in the radial section was $42.14{\pm}8.30{\mu}$ and that of rectangle type in up right ray cell was $45.76{\pm}7.19{\mu}$ and that of square type was $26.66{\pm}2.99{\mu}$. The mean height of ray parenchyma in the tangential section was $174.80{\pm}37.51{\mu}$ and the width of ray parenchyma was $17.25{\pm}3.59{\mu}$ and the mean number of ray parenchyma was $14{\pm}3$.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2023

In early spring, water-soaked lesions appeared on the petals and leaves of gaenari (Forsythia koreana), and the tissues were necrotic and dry. Cankers appeared on the infected branches around late spring and the above part of a branch withered and died. However, it was very rare that the base of the cankered-branch died. The identical fungi were isolated from the lesions on various tissues, and they grew with white colonies on potato dextrose agar medium. The fungus grew most actively at 23℃ and produced many sclerotia of various sizes. In a pathogenicity assay in which mycelial and sclerotial suspensions were inoculated on each organ of forsythia, it was found that the pathogen infects the flower only, but not the leaves or branches. Symptoms on the flowers spread to the next leaves and branches over time and the infected branches were eventually withered. To identify the isolates, DNA sequences of four phylogenetic markers including ITS, LSU, Tub2, and CAL were analyzed and all isolates were identified as a species in the genus Septotinia. This is not only the first report of gaenari (forsythia) shoot blight caused by the fungus Septotinia sp., but also the first report on the genus Septotinia as a plant pathogen in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2005

Cytological characteristics of Abeliophyllum distichum (Oleaceae), endemic to Korea, was examined. Somatic chromosome numbers was 2n = 28 which corresponds to diploid based on x=14. Chromosome length was varied continuously from $1.00{\mu}m$ to $2.03{\mu}m$. Karyotype of Abeliophyllum distichum was investigated in this study for the first time. The cytological characteristics including basic chromosome number, continuous variation of chromosome length, diploid and karyotype were similar to those of the genus Forsythia, which indicated the close relationship between Abeliophyllum and Forsythia, and consequently the two genera seemed to be included to same tribe.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2012

A comparative study of the petiole anatomy in the tribes Forsythieae (Abeliophyllum, Forsythia) and Fontanesieae (Fontanesia), including one related genus Myxopyrum belonging to Myxopyreae, was carried out using light microscopy. The anatomical characteristics of the distal, medial and proximal parts of the petiole were studied to document any differences. We are described in detail based on their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Three crystal types (acicular, druse, and prismatic crystals) were found in both Fontanesia and Myxopyrum within all of the studied taxa. Uni-cellular non-glandular trichomes were found in Abeliophyllum and three Forsythia taxa (F. europaea, F. giraldiana, and F. japonica). All features were compared and the vascular patterns of the petiole were distinguished in two types: Type 1A: Trace continuous arc - without crystals (Abeliophyllum, Forsythia), 1B: with crystals (Myxopyrum), Type 2: Trace invaginating at ends with crystals (Fontanesia). A detailed anatomical description of the studied taxa is provided, and its systematic importance is also briefly discussed. In conclusion, some petiole anatomical characteristics (e.g., the main vascular patterns, the presence/absence of crystals) can be useful for diagnostic features as well as partly for supporting the recently proposed molecular phylogeny.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2013

A comparative study of leaf epidermal microstructure in tribes Forsythieae (Abeliophyllum: 1 species, Forsythia: 12 taxa - 10 species, 2 varieties), Fontanesieae (Fontanesia: 2 species) including one related genus Myxopyrum belonging to Myxopyreae (Myxopyrum: 5 taxa - 4 species, 1 subspecies) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate their significance in the taxonomy. The leaves of investigated taxa are either hypostomatic or amphistomatic, but former is more frequent. The size range of the guard cells is 17.14-47.58 ${\times}$ 11.59- 44.25 ${\mu}m$: the smallest one was found in Forsythia giraldiana (17.48-22.96 ${\times}$ 11.64-12.88 ${\mu}m$), while the largest one was measured to Myxopyrum pierrei (31.50-41.75 ${\times}$ 32.53-44.25 ${\mu}m$). Anomocytic stomatal complex are most frequent type (rarely paracytic), usually both anomocytic and anisocytic occur in one leaf. In surface view both adaxial and abaxial anticlinal walls of the subsidiary cells are variable (e.g., straight/curved, undulate, sinuate, undulate/sinuate). Three types (simple unicellular and multicellular non-glandular, subsessile glandular) of trichomes are found in leaves. Finally, the systematic significance of the leaf epidermal micromorphological characters in idenfitication and elucidation of these tribe, between or within the genera including among the species is also briefly discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2002

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (O1eaceae) is a monotype of Korea and is distinguished from related genus Forsythia Vahl by the morphological characters such as fruit shape, flower color and etc. Even though several intraspecific taxa were reported according to the color of flowers and shape of fruits, there have been many controversals on the taxonomic indentity and status of rank on those taxa. In the present study, we performed the RAPD analysis to delimit the infraspecific taxa of Abeliophyllum distichum and to investigate the genetic polymorphism and relationships among 12 populations. 212 scorable RAPD markers with 70 common markers were found from the PCR reactions with 16 random oligoprimers and were analyzed by Nei's genetic distance. From 0.108 to 0.321 of genetic variations were showed among the taxa. Some regional groups instead of same taxa were clustered from the phonogram of UPGMA analysis. Also, we could not find distinct lineage among intraspecific taxa. The result from RAPD analysis supported that the infraspecific taxa of Abeliophyllum distichum might be the individual variations and treated as the same taxa. RAPD analysis was very useful to confirm the high gene pool with diverse genetic polymorphism among Abeliophyllum distichum populations.