• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1997

To examine the effects of an educational program with a purpose of reducing symptoms and ailments of women's premenstrual syndrome on the basis of the Self-care theory of Orem, a stimulation was carried out by using pre-and post-design of non-equity control group after choosing both an experimental group of 62 persons and a control group of 62 persons among 497 industrial women. This study was conducted from June 20, 1996 to September 30, 1996. Meantime, an education was provided for the experimental group of 62 persons for 8 weeks but no education for the control group of 62 persons. Study matters are general and obstetric characteristics, knowledge and self-care behavior and premenstrual syndrome from questionnaires with 497 industrial women, pre and post questionnaires with the control group of 62 persons and the questionnaires collected before and after providing an education for the experimental group of 62 persons, these matters were used as research data for this study and analyzed by means of the SAS program. As a result, it was shown that the scores of 497 industrial women's knowledge by age were the highest 26.36 for 20 to 29 year old women, then 25.58 for 30 to 39 year old women and 25.74 for less 19 year old women. The performance scores of their self-care behavior by age were the highest 39.17 for 30 to 39 year old women, 35.72 for 20 to 29 year old women and 32.85 for less 19 year old women, which means that the older the women are, the higher the performance degree is(p<0.01). And the scores of their premenstrual syndrome by age were 2.80 for less 19 year old women, 2.18 for 20 to 29 year old women and 2.00 for 30 to 39 year old women. Women in their teens and twenties showed more serious symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome than women in their thirties(p<0.01). For the experimental group of 62 persons who received the educational program, both the knowledge of premenstrual syndrome and the degree of self-care behavior were remarkably improved(p<0.01), respectively and the symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome were also remarkably reduced(p<0.01), while the control group showed no change in the knowledge, self-care behavior, and symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome. The above results demonstrated that educational program based on the Self-care theory of Orem is an effective intervention to reduce the symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome. The effects of the study can be generalized by extending the application in which various age groups and professional and social environments are considered together with a research to evaluate the long-term effects of this educational program. Accordingly, it is expected that it can possible not only to provide help for the women by actually applying the program to practical areas for improvement of women's health but also to suggest plans to activate it as one of health education areas.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제4권7호
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• pp.1749-1758
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• 1997

전력수요의 예측은 예측기간에 따라 중장기 전력수요 예측과 단기 부하 예측으로 구분할 수 있다. 기존의 단기 부하예측은 주로 역전파 알고리즘(back propagation algorithm)다층퍼셉트론을 이용하여 예측을 하였으나 이는 학습시간이 많이 걸릴 뿐만 아니라 학습도중에 지역최소점(local minima)에 빠져 학습이 계속되지 못한다는 문제가 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 역전파 알고리즘의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 방법으로 Radial Basis 함수(Radial Basis Function)를 이용하여 동적 단기부하 예측 모형을 제안한다. Radial Basis 함수는 하나의 은닉층(hidden layer)을 갖고 있으며, 전방향(feed-forward)학습을 한다는 특징이 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 단기 부하 예측모형은 학습을 하기 위하여 시간대별 부하량을 클러스터링 하고, 이 클러스터의 중심값을 Radial Basis 함수의 은닉층으로 하여 학습을 한 다음 예측하고자 하는 패턴을 한 단위로 하여 시단대별로 예측하였다. 기존의 연구에서의 클러스터링 방법으로는 통계학의 K-Means 방법이나 Kohonen의 LVQ(Learning Vector Quantization)을 주로 이용하였으나 본 논문에서는 패턴의 분류에 있어서 다른 알고리즘보다 편차가 작은 Pal, et. al.의 GLVQ(Generalized LVQ) 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서 이용한 데이타는 1995년 3월 1일-3일, 6월 1일-3일, 7월 1일-3일, 9월 1일-3일, 11월 1일-3일의 72시간 데이타를 입력하여 월별 4일의 24시간의 예측시간으로 예측하였다. 실험결과 월별 1일과 3일까지의 학습데이타로 1시간 후의 부하량을 24시간동안 예측한 결과 1.3795%의 평균 오차율로 예측하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2010

혼합분포를 가정한 신용평가연구에서 부도차주를 정상으로 예측하거나 정상차주를 부도로 예측하는 오류를 최소화하는 분류점을 추정하는 방법을 토론한다. 확률변수 스코어와 정상과 부도상태의 모수공간으로 정의된 확률밀도함수들에 대하여 강력검정과 일반화가능도비검정을 이용하여 최적분류점의 추정방법을 제안하고, ROC와 CAP 곡선에서 분류정확도를 측정하는 정확도(accuarcy)와 진실율(true rate)을 이용하여 이 측도를 최대로 하는 최적분류점을 확률밀도함수의 관계식으로 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 다양한 정규분포에서 가설검정, 정확도 그러고 진실율을 이용하는 세가지 방법의 최적분류점을 구하고 각최적분류점에 대응하는 제 I 종과 제 II 종 오류합의 크기를 비교하여 효율성을 토론한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2004

The characteristic ratio assignment (CRA) method〔1〕 is new polynomial approach which allows to directly address the transient responses such as overshoot and speed of response time in time domain specifications. The method is based on the relationships between time response and characteristic ratios($\alpha_i$ ) and generalized time constant (T), which are defined in terms of coefficients of characteristic polynomial. However, even though the CRA can apply to developing a linear controller that meets good transient responses, there are still some fundamental questions to be explored. For the purpose of this, we have analyzed several sensitivities of a linear system with respect to the changes of coefficients itself and $\alpha_i$ of denominator polynomial. They are (i) the unnormalized root sensitivity : to determine how the poles change as $\alpha_i$ changes, and (ii) the function sensitivity to determine the sensitivity of step response to the change of o, and to analyze the sensitivity of frequency response as o, changes. As an other important result, it is shown that, under any fixed T and coefficient of the lowest order of s in denominator, the step response is dominantly affected merely by $\alpha_1, alpha_2 and alpha_3$ regardless of the order of denominator higher than 4. This means that the rest of the$\alpha_i$ s have little effect on the step response. These results provide some useful insight and background theory when we select $\alpha_i$ and T to compose a reference model, and in particular when we design a low order controllers such as PID controller.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

This study aims to identify the rural spatial structure and to establish the planning characteristics based on urban-rural connections strategy of North Korea. For this purpose, they were collected such as documents and drawings including primary data related to rural planning in North Korea, and the rural space were classified into three elements in order to analyze them by the rural planning's point of the view. Unlike generalized capitalist cities, socialist North Korean cities are characterized by the coexistence of urban and rural areas. This distinct feature of the city is also reflected in creating rural space in North Korea. Thus, The urban-rural integration in spatial planning is a key factor in understanding the spatial structure of North Korea. This study firstly examines the characteristics of the county(gun), the administrative and economic unit established in the post-war period, secondly, examines the planning method of town(eup) which can be called the urban center in rural areas, and lastly grasps the planning method of rural village focusing on collectivization and identifies how they are connected to the town for the shake of urban-rural integration. As a result, the characteristics of rural planning in North Korea has revealed that it has a comprehensive rural planning established with the goal of strengthening the self-sufficiency of the rural area by the means of the create of rural spatial hierarchy in the whole country.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.1734-1740
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• 2015

본 논문은 분산 저장 시스템에서 기존의 부분접속수를 일반화한 개념인 결합 부분접속수를 소개하고, 결합 부분접속수($r_1$=2, $r_2$=3 or 4)를 만족하는 부호 설계 방식을 제안한다. 결합 부분접속수란 다양한 수의 노드 손실을 복구하기 위해 필요한 노드 수 집합을 의미한다. 제안된 방식은 완전다분할그래프를 사용하여 부호 설계를 단순화한다. 또한 제안된 방식으로 임의의 양의 정수 t에 대해 (2,t)-가용도를 갖는 이진 부분접속복구 부호를 설계할 수 있다. 즉, 1개 노드 손실 시 t개의 서로소인 복구 집합으로부터 각각 복구가 가능하며, 이때 각 복구 집합의 크기는 최대 2이다. 이러한 성질은 핫 데이터의 병렬처리를 가능하게 하므로 분산 저장 시스템에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.207-218
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• 1990

Grains display characteristics of both elastic bodies and viscous fluids when they are subjected to mechanical treatments in harvesting, handling, and processing. This viscoelastic behavior of grains when mechanically stressed must be fully understood to establish maximum machine efficiency and have a minimum degree of grain damage and the highest quality of the final product. The studies were conducted to examine the effect of the moisture content, the loading rate and the initial deformation on the stress relaxation behavior of whole kernel of rough rice, and develop the rheological model to represent its stress relaxation behavior. The following results were obtained from the study. 1. Moisture content had the greatest influence on the initial portion of the relaxation curve. With elapsing time the lower moisture content resulted in the lower residual stress for the Japonica-type rough rice and vice versa for the Indica-type rough rice. But within the ranges of moisture content tested, the degree of stress relaxation per unit strain on the Indica-type rough rice was a little higher than those on the Japonica-type rough rice. 2. The slower loading rate resulted in less initial stress. The decreasing trend of residual stress for all the samples tested with increasing loading rate was shown. 3. The higher initial deformation for all the samples resulted in less initial stress. The increasing of amount of stress relaxation per unit strain with increase of initial stress indicated that viscoelastic properties of rough rice depended not only upon duration of load applied but also initial stress applied. This means that rough rice is nonlinear viscoelastic material. 4. The compression stress relaxation properties of rough rice kernel can be described by a generalized Maxwell model representing by the Maxwell elements.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.432-437
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• 2002

턴키 공사의 실시설계 단계는 기본설계 이후 최종 계약을 위한 준비 단계로써, 수행하여야 할 업무가 많을 뿐만 아니라, 그러한 업무의 결과가 실제 계약서류에 대한 근거가 되므로 턴키 사업 수행자 입장에서는 철저한 관리가 필요한 단계이다. 그러나 국내 건설회사의 경우, 최근까지 단순히 시공 주체로써의 능력만을 키워왔으며 턴키 사업에 대한 경험이 미비하여, 실시설계 단계의 프로세스와 기존사례가 체계화되어 있지 않아 현장관리자가 해당 프로세스에서 업무를 수행하는 데 어려움이 있었다. 이를 해결하기 위해, 먼저 턴키 사업의 이론적 고찰을 통하여 연구의 근거와 필요성을 제시하고, 현장관리자 면담을 통해 실시설계 단계에서 수행하여야 할 업무와 그에 따르는 제반사항에 대해 파악한 후, 실제 발생하였던 의사결정 사항들과 그에 대한 대처방안 및 예방방안에 대해 조사하였다. 그리고 면담조사 결과를 바탕으로 턴키 공사의 실시설계 단계 프로세스 모델과 CBR(Case-Based Reasoning)을 활용한 실시설계관리 방안을 제시하였다.

• 대기
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.391-404
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• 2011

This study investigates the impact of cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) with different horizontal grid sizes on the simulation of the local heavy rainfall case over the Korean Peninsula. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-based real-time forecast system of the Joint Center for High-impact Weather and Climate Research (JHWC) is used. Three CPSs are used for sensitivity experiments: the BMJ (Betts-Miller-Janjic), GD (Grell-Devenyi ensemble), and KF (Kain-Fritsch) CPSs. The heavy rainfall case selected in this study is characterized by low-level jet and low-level transport of warm and moist air. In 27-km simulations (DM1), simulated precipitation is overestimated in the experiment with BMJ scheme, and it is underestimated with GD scheme. The experiment with KF scheme shows well-developed precipitation cells in the southern and the central region of the Korean Peninsula, which are similar to the observations. All schemes show wet bias and cold bias in the lower troposphere. The simulated rainfall in 27-km horizontal resolution has influence on rainfall forecast in 9-km horizontal resolution, so the statements on 27-km horizontal resolution can be applied to 9-km horizontal resolution. In the sensitivity experiments of CPS for DM3 (3-km resolution), the experiment with BMJ scheme shows better heavy rainfall forecast than the other experiments. The experiments with CPS in 3-km horizontal resolution improve rainfall forecasts compared to the experiments without CPS, especially in rainfall distribution. The experiments with CPS show lower LCL(Lifted Condensation Level) than those without CPS at the maximum rainfall point, and weaker vertical velocity is simulated in the experiments with CPS compared to the experiments without CPS. It means that CPS suppresses convective instability and influences mainly convective rainfall. Consequently, heavy rainfall simulation with BMJ CPS is better than the other CPSs, and even in 3-km horizontal resolution, CPS should be applied to control convective instability. This conclusion can be generalized by conducting more experiments for a variety of cases over the Korean Peninsula.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.129-152
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• 2008

This paper considers the solution of the stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with random operator and/or random excitation using the spectral SFEM. The random system parameters (involved in the operator) and the random excitations are modeled as second order stochastic processes defined only by their means and covariance functions. All random fields dealt with in this paper are continuous and do not have known explicit forms dependent on the spatial dimension. This fact makes the usage of the finite element (FE) analysis be difficult. Relying on the spectral properties of the covariance function, the Karhunen-Loeve expansion is used to represent these processes to overcome this difficulty. Then, a spectral approximation for the stochastic response (solution) of the SDE is obtained based on the implementation of the concept of generalized inverse defined by the Neumann expansion. This leads to an explicit expression for the solution process as a multivariate polynomial functional of a set of uncorrelated random variables that enables us to compute the statistical moments of the solution vector. To check the validity of this method, two applications are introduced which are, randomly loaded simply supported reinforced concrete beam and reinforced concrete cantilever beam with random bending rigidity. Finally, a more general application, randomly loaded simply supported reinforced concrete beam with random bending rigidity, is presented to illustrate the method.