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The warm CO gas along the UV-heated outflow walls: a possible interpretation for the Herschel-PACS CO spectra of embedded YSO

  • Lee, Seokho;Lee, Jeong-Eun;Bergin, Edwin A.;Park, Yong-Sun
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.67.2-67.2
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    • 2013
  • Part of mid-J CO emission detected by the Herschel/PACS observations of embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) has been attributed to the UV-heated outflow walls. We have applied our newly developed self-consistent models of Photon Dominated Region (PDR) and Non-LTE line Radiative transfer In general Grid (RIG) to the Herschel FIR CO observations. If the black body radiation of T = 15,000 K is used, the observed mid-J CO line fluxes can be produced in inner dense regions (n ${\geq}$ 106 cm-3) with -4.5 ${\leq}$ log Gdust/n ${\leq}$ -2.5, where gas temperatures are larger than 300 K and CO abundances are ${\geq}$ 10-5, along the UV-heated outflow walls. The contribution of the UV heated outflow cavity wall in Class I seems to be larger than that in Class 0.

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Bayesian Hierarchical Model with Skewed Elliptical Distribution

  • Chung Younshik
    • Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.5-12
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    • 2000
  • Meta-analysis refers to quantitative methods for combining results from independent studies in order to draw overall conclusions. We consider hierarchical models including selection models under a skewed heavy tailed error distribution and it is shown to be useful in such Bayesian meta-analysis. A general class of skewed elliptical distribution is reviewed and developed. These rich class of models combine the information of independent studies, allowing investigation of variability both between and within studies, and weight function. Here we investigate sensitivity of results to unobserved studies by considering a hierarchical selection model and use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to develop inference for the parameters of interest.

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Fast Simulation of Overflow Probabilities in Multiclass Queues

  • Lee, Ji-Yeon;Bae, Kyung-Soon
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.287-299
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    • 2007
  • We consider a multiclass queue where queued customers are served in their order of arrival at a rate which depends on the customer type. By using the asymptotic results obtained by Dabrowski et al. (2006) we calculate the sharp asymptotics of the stationary distribution of the number of customers of each class in the system and the distribution of the number of customers of each class when the total number of customers reaches a high level before emptying. We also obtain a fast simulation algorithm to estimate the overflow probability and compare it with the general simulation and asymptotic results.

조선왕조(朝鮮王朝)시대(屍臺) 금박(金箔)에 관한 연구(硏究)

  • In, Yun-Sil
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.2
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    • pp.51-64
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    • 1978
  • In reviewing our costume history, it is noted that costume bas been used as a yard stick for symboliying various social status. During the Lee Dynasty in which confucianism was the predominant religion, costume color, design and its fabric varied distinctly according to class, sex, age, occasion, et al. As in other field of our culture, costume was influenced by the Chinese culture. Although gilding was derived from the Chinese-originated gold-spun fabrics, no credit and praise should be spared for our ancestors of the Lee Dynasty who developed gilding artistry as our own. The use of gilded costume was confined to the formal court wear rather than casual wear even in court and to the nobles than to the commoners. Even among the nobles, gilding designs variously classified were used to distinguish the class. However, the modernization triggered by fores-Japan Annexation Treaty destroyed the traditional cable systems, thereby the limited use of gilding has yielded to the vast demand on the part of general populace.

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Development Status of 3MW Class Offshore Wind Turbine (3MW급 해상 풍력발전시스템 개발현황)

  • Joo, Wan-Don;Park, Jeung-Hun;Choi, June-Hyug;Lim, Chae-Wook;Park, Jong-Po
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.06a
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    • pp.366-369
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    • 2007
  • This paper presents the general results of the conceptual design of a 3MW class offshore wind turbine named WinDS 3000 under development. In WinDS 3000, an integrated drive train design, three stage gearbox and permanent magnet generator (PMG) with fully rated converters have been introduced. A pitch regulated variable speed power control with individual pitch control has been adopted to regulate rotor torque while generator reaction torque can be adjusted almost instantaneously by the associated power electronics. Through the introduction of WinDS 3000, it is expected that helpful to understanding of the development status of 3MW offshore wind turbine.

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A study on the material designation in library cataloging (목록에서의 자료종별표시에 관한 연구)

  • 이창수
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.25
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    • pp.377-404
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate material designation in library cataloging and to suggest General Material Designation (GMD) and Specific Material Designation(SMD) in Korean. A summary of the study follows. In library cataloging, methods of indicating the type of material are : (1) color-coding, (2) media code as part of the call number, (3) material designation in physical description area or note area, (4) GMD and SMD. GMD is a term indicating the broad class of material to which a bibliographic item belongs. SMD is a term indicating the special class of material to which a bibliographic item belongs. GMD was listed in parenthesis following the title proper before AACR1975 code, but currently it is listed in square brackets after the AACR1975 code. AACR2 was the standard cataloging rule in GMD and SMD terminology. It is suggested that GMD be used in Korean for graphic material, sound recordings, drawings, microform, multimedia, videorecordings, manuscripts, photographs, slides, printed music, motion pictures, printed texts, objects, braille, cartographic materials, computer files and transparenies.

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Development of Amphibious Hovercarft (수륙양용(水陸兩用) 공기부양선(空氣浮楊선)의 개발(開發))

  • S.J.,Lee;C.W.,Lee;S.K.,Kim
    • Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.49-65
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    • 1985
  • The RIT(Research Institude of Technology) in KTMI(Korea Tacoma Marine Industries, Ltd) has played a vital role in maintaining the comapany's leader ship as a pioneer in the technical development of shipbuilding and new type of special vessel design. As a results, in February of 1981, the RIT could succeed in designing and constructing a small manned test hovercraft. In Arpril of 1983, the RIT started to design a 12M class, 55knots hovercraft with the highly skilled and experienced technology through the development of 4 kinds of SES(Surface Effect Ship), totally 10 vessels. In December of 1984, the diesel-powered 12M class hovercraft of proto type was developed with RIT'S own technical ability. The craft is the first hovercraft in domestic and the first diesel-powered hovercraft in Asia area. The paper describe the progress of development and general review of technology and concept of design about the hovercraft developed.

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Development of User Interface Design Guidelines for Education Software Designers (교육용 소프트웨어 설계자를 위한 사용자 인터페이스 설계지침 개발)

  • Yun, Cheol-Ho
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to develop user interface design guidelines for those who design education software products (web sites or CD-ROM titles). To establish this guideline scheme, international standards, commercial design guidelines, and research papers were surveyed. Especially, ISO 9241 was referred as a basic model of a guideline scheme. First, the research group developed draft guidelines. After that, education software developers, designers, and a user group reviewed the draft and the draft was revised with their commentations. Five components were selected as a primary class of guideline scheme: general principle, dialogue design, user guidance, visual interface, and information presentation. Each component was divided several components as a secondary class. Finally, 45 items were selected as user interface design guidelines for the education software design.

[ $H_{\infty}$ ] Control for a Class of Singularly Perturbed Nonlinear Systems via Successive Galerkin Approximation

  • Kim, Young-Joong;Lim, Myo-Taeg
    • International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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    • v.5 no.5
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    • pp.501-507
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    • 2007
  • This paper presents a new algorithm for the closed-loop $H_{\infty}$ control of a class of singularly perturbed nonlinear systems with an exogenous disturbance, using the successive Galerkin approximation (SGA). The singularly perturbed nonlinear system is decomposed into two subsystems of a slow-time scale and a fast-time scale in the spirit of the general theory of singular perturbation. Two $H_{\infty}$ control laws are obtained to each subsystem by using the SGA method. The composite control law that consists of two $H_{\infty}$ control laws of each subsystem is designed. One of the purposes of this paper is to design the closed-loop $H_{\infty}$ composite control law for the singularly perturbed nonlinear systems via the SGA method. The other is to reduce the computational complexity when the SGA method is applied to the high order systems.

Disruptive/Cooperative Classroom Behavior : A Comparative Study of Children's Home Environment, Self-efficacy and Parents' Child Rearing Attitudes (수업저해아동과 수업촉진아동의 가정환경, 자기효능감 및 부모의 양육태도 비교연구)

  • Shin, Kyeung ja;Kim, Hyun sook
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.115-134
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    • 2008
  • This study analyzed home environment, self-efficacy and parents' child rearing attitudes of disruptive children and of cooperative children in the classroom. Participants were 322 children(11-12 years of age) and 49 teachers. Instruments were four kinds of questionnaires. Data were analyzed by T-test and Fisher's exact test. Results of between group differences in parents' academic backgrounds showed more parents of cooperative children had completed high school. Disruptive children's mothers were more occupied outside the home; cooperative children's mothers engaged in more housework at home. Disruptive children's perceptions of their economic status were lower than cooperative children's perceptions. Results of comparison of general self-efficacy, scholastic self-efficacy, and home environment showed that disruptive children were statistically lower than cooperative children on all sub-variables.

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