• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

Enterobacteria were isolated in the gut of the predacious multicolored Asian ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis, and their effects to the development of H. axyridis were examined. Populations of H. axyridis in this experiment were collected from Kimjae at Cheonbuk province (JK population), Geumsan at Chungnam province (CK population) and laboratory population at Laboratory of Insect Physiology in Chungnam National University, Daejeon. Thirty-four enterobacteria isolates were purified and isolated from the digestive tract of H. axyridis, and a total of 4 strains were classified into group by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. About 70% of total isolates were phylogenetic groups of Bacillus genus and Staphylococcus genus, and they were commonly separated from the digestive tract of H. axyridis. After investigating their susceptibility against antibiotics with 18 representative enterobacteria isolates, ofloxacin and penicillin were selected for examination in this study of their ability to inhibit the growth of all of isolates. In order to remove the enterobacteria from the aphids, ofloxacin and penicillin were given to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi. These aphids were provided to H. axyridis as prey. The weight of pupa, developmental periods of each larval instar, the number of eggs and their hatching ratio of H. axyridis with treatment aphids were lower compared with non-treatment aphids. Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a representative enterobacteria and commonly isolated from the digestive tract of H. axyridis. In the absence of S. saprophyticus, the developmental periods of each larval instar increased; however, the weights of pupa, the number of eggs, and their hatching ratio decreased.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1981

In trying to predict the effect of genetics on the broiler in the year 2000, this is a relatively short period of time as far as broiler genetics in concerned. Modern broiler genetics started around 1945 and tremendous gains when made in past 35 years. Futher improvements on broiler will depend on the evolution and revolution: 1. Evolution: (1) Growth rate has been made 4-5% per year. (2) Feed conversion has improved approximately 1% per year. (3) Abdominal fat is becoming a major complaint in broiler. (4) Because of the changing life-style, broiler meat sales in the future will be more and more in cut-up form. (5) Breeding for stress resistance and selection for docile temperament can be important in order to funker improve fled efficiency. (6) In female parent stock, reproduction characteristics are in many can negatively correlated with the desired broiler traits. (7) Egg production and hatchability in moot commercial parent nod m at a fairly high level. (8) In male parent stock, the heavier and mon super-meat-type male lines are desired to Product better broilers. 2. Revolution: Trying to forecast revolutionary change in broiler genetics is highly speculative, as sudden change are aften unpredictable. (1) Species hybridization, such as a turkey-chicken cross (2) Biochemical tools, such as blood typing. (3) Mutation breeding by radiation or chemical mutagentia. (4) Broiler breeding would be to change the phenotypic appearance by single gene, such as naked, wingless. (5) Changes in production techniques. such as growing in cage or growing in filtered air positive pressure houses.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2005

In order to develop a new microbial fungicide using endophytic bacteria for the control of anthracnoses occurring on various crops, a total of 260 bacterial strains were isolated from fresh tissues of 5 plant species. After they were cultured in broth medium, their antifungal activities were tested for in vivo antifungal activity against cucumber anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare. As the results, liquid cultures of 28 strains showed potent antifungal activities more than $90\%$ against cucumber anthracnose. At 3-fold dilutions of liquid cultures, 18 strains inhibited the development of cucumber anthracnose of more than $70\%$. They were further tested for in vivo antifungal activity against red pepper anthracnose caused by C. coccodes and in vitro antifungal activity against C. acutatum, a fungal agent causing red pepper anthracnose. Among 18 strains, a bacterial strain EB215 isolated from cucumber roots displayed the most potent antifungal activity against Colletotrichum species. It was identified as Burkholderia cepacia based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics, Biolog test and 16S rDNA gene sequence. It also controlled effectively the development of rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea), rice sheath blight (Corticium sasaki), tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), and tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Studies on the characterization of antifungal substances produced by B. cepacia EB215 are in progress.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 1993

Pituitary LH release has been known to be regulated by the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and the gonadal steroid hormones. In addition, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are actively involved in the control of LH secretion. The alteration in LH release might reflect changes in biosynthesis and/or posttranslational processing of LH. However, little is known about the mechanism by which biosynthesis of LH subunits is regulated, especially at the level of transcription. In order to investigate if ovarian steroid hormones regulate the LH subunit gene expression, ${\alpha}\;and\;LH{\beta}$ steady state mRNA levels were determined in anterior pituitaries of ovariectomized rats. Serum LH concentrations and pituitary LH concentrations were increased markedly with time after ovariectomy. ${\alpha}\;and\;LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels after ovariectomy were increased in a parallel manner with serum LH concentrations and pituitary LH contents, the rise in $LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels being more prominent than the rise in ${\alpha}\;subunit$ mRNA. ${\alpha}\;and\;LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels in ovariectomized rats were negatively regulated by the continuous treatment of ovarian steriod hormones for $1{\sim}4\;days$ and $LH{\beta}\;subunit$ mRNA seemed to be more sensitive to negative feedback of estradiol than progesterone. Treatment of estrogen antagonist, LY117018 or progesterone antagonist, RU486 significantly restroed LH subunit mRNA levels as well as LH release which were suppressed by estradiol or progesterone treatment. These results suggest that ovarian steroids negatively regulate the LH synthesis at the pretranslational level by modulating the steady state levels of ${\alpha}\;and\;LH{\beta}\;subunit$ mRNA and $LH{\beta}\;subunit$ mRNA seemed to be more sensitive to negative feedback action of estradiol than progesterone.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2012

Asian dust storms originating in the arid desert of China and Mongolia usually occur from late winter through spring, and more than one million tons of dust per year is transported to the Korean Peninsula by the prevalent westerly winds. We supposed that these dust particles could include bioaerosols and act as carriers of microorganisms. In order to clarify the dynamics of microorganisms moving with these particles, the concentration and composition of microorganisms associated with settled particles were compared between samples collected during Asian dust events and those under non-dust periods. From February to April 2008, settled dust particles were collected at one location in Ulsan using rainfall meter of 200 mm diameter. During this period, there was one Asian dust event in Ulsan. The bacterial concentrations were higher in samples collected during Asian dust event than those under non-dust period, whereas fungal concentrations were rather similar regardless of the Asian dust event. We analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequences of 45 bacterial isolates obtained from the settled particle samples. These isolates belonged to either genus Bacillus or genus Streptococcus and were tentatively identified as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. aryabhattai, B. atrophaeus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. methylotrophicus, B. pumilus, B. sonorensis, B. subtlis, B. vallismortis, S. epidermidis, and S. succinus. In cases of fungal isolates, genera such as Mucor, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus were tentatively identified from samples collected at both Asian dust and non-Asian dust periods. It appears that endospore-forming bacteria such as Bacillus sp. rather than fungal spores are more likely to be associated with Asian dust particles.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.455-462
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• 2016

Pseudomonas aeruginosa P-5 is an unusual organism capable of synthesizing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) consisting of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) and medium-chain-length (MCL) 3-hydroxyalkanoate (3HA) monomer units when C-odd alkanoic acids are fed as the sole carbon source. Evaluation of the substrate chain-length specificity of two P. aeruginosa P-5 PHA synthases ($PhaC1_{P-5}$ and $PhaC2_{P-5}$) by heterologous expression of $PhaC1_{P-5}$ and $PhaC2_{P-5}$ genes in Pseudomonas putida GPp104 revealed that $PhaC2_{P-5}$ incorporates both 3HV and MCL 3HAs into PHA, whereas $PhaC1_{P-5}$ favors only MCL 3HAs for polymerization. In order to obtain $PhaC2_{P-5}$ mutants with altered substrate specificity, site-specific mutagenesis for $PhaC2_{P-5}$ was conducted. Amino acid substitutions of $PhaC2_{P-5}$ at two positions (Ser326Thr and Gln482Lys) were very effective for synthesizing copolymers with a higher 3HV fraction. When recombinant P. putida GPp104 harboring double mutated $phaC2_{P-5}$ gene ($phaC2_{P-5}QKST$) was grown on nonanoic acid, 2.5-fold increase of copolymer content with 3.8-fold increase of 3HV fraction was observed. The $phaC2_{P-5}QKST$-containing Ralstonia eutropha PHB-4 supplemented with valeric acid also produced copolymers consisting of 3HV and 3-hydroxyheptanoate with a high 3HV fraction. These results suggest that recombinants containing $phaC2_{P-5}QKST$ could be useful for production of new PHA copolymers with improved material properties.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2018

According to the results of the FKI's ethical management status and CSR promotion status, about 95% of domestic companies enact the Code of Ethics, while 64% of companies operating systems for communication and dialogue with stakeholders in the process of CSR activities, It seems that strategic CSR activities of domestic companies have not been fully established yet compared with the introduction of ethical management. Even if companies conduct CSR activities strategically, there is very little CSR level of the companies that consumers perceive. This is because the psychological mechanism of CSR on consumers' perceptions is too complicated and detailed, resulting in a positive result and a negative result depending on the investigator's research method. So far, there have been many studies on the direct impact of CSR on corporate evaluation, purchase intention, and corporate image. However, there are few studies on the effect of CSR and CA on purchase intention through product attitude. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of corporate social responsibility(CSR) and corporate Ability(CA) on the purchase intention through product attitudes perceived by consumers, and the moderating effect of corporate reputation between product attitude and purchase intention. As a research method, we selected 4 companies, such as Samsung etc, who have been conducting CSR for the past 10 years, as a sample. The relationship between the CSR and the corporate competence of these companies on purchasing intention was examined through questionnaires for general consumers. The results of this study show that CSR and CA have a positive effect on product attitude, and consumers' product attitude has a positive effect on purchase intention. In addition, CSR and CA were found to have a positive (+) effect on purchase intention through consumer attitude. Finally, it is found that the reputation of the firm has a moderating effect on the relationship between consumer's product attitude and purchase intention. This study suggests that CSR should be strategically promoted in order to positively shape the attitude of consumers toward products of companies and their companies. As a theoretical implication, this study showed that the effect of CSR activities and CA on consumer's product attitude and purchase intention, centered on mediating effects of product attitude and corporate reputation discrimination.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.693-702
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• 2015

In order to identify the species and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship of rook populations found in Jeju-do Province in winter seasons, we determined the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and analyzed the genetic structure of maternal lineages and phylogenetic relationship. The rook DNAs were isolated from the post-mortem specimens and plumages collected from agricultural farms in Jeju-do Province including U-do Island. The obtained COI sequences (n=41) showed over 97.0% identities with those previously reported from Corvus frugeligus. Three COI haplotypes (J01-J03) were detected from COI sequences of the rooks obtained in Jeju-do Province but those did not show the site-specific patterns, showing that they might be derived from a common maternal origin. Eight maternal haplotypes were detected from all COI sequences obtained. Among those three haplotypes contained the COI sequences from Northeast Asia including eastern Russia, Mongolia and South Korea. On the other hand, the other five haplotypes contained the COI sequences reported from Central Asia, Middle East, western Russia and European countries. The COI sequences from Jeju-do Province were located on three haplotypes (CF01-CF03) belonging to Northeast Asian rook lineages. The NJ tree showed the distinct branch patterns suggesting two different maternal lineages of C. frugilegus, which proposed as two parapatric subspecies, C. f. frugilegus (Western) and C. f. pastinator (Eastern). These findings using DNA barcoding approaches will be contributed to provide the information about avian fauna for understanding the genetic structure of maternal lineage, phylogenetic relationship and their molecular ecology.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.59-64
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• 2006

Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum has long been used as a rheumatic remedy, an anti-pyretic, an anti-ulcer treatment, and for the alleviation of local pain and fever in Korea and Malaysia. In order to investigate the possibility of Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum extract as a cosmetic ingredient, we measured its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and the release of PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8. HPLC experiment after extraction with 95% ethanol at pH 3.5 showed that Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum was mainly composed of lycorine (up to 1%), a well-known immunosuppressant. The content of lycorine varied depending on the type of tissue analyzed and the extraction method. In anti-inflammatory assay for inhibition of nitric oxide formation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- activated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the ethanolic extract of Crinum asiaticum showed inhibitory activity of NO production in dose-dependent manner ($IC_{50} = 83.5 {\mu}g/mL$). Additional study by RT-PCR demonstrated that the extract of Crinum asiaticum significantly suppressed the expression of the iNOS gene. Moreover, the extract of Crinum asiaticum did not show my cytotoxicity, but did show cell proliferation effect against LPS ($10{\sim}60%$ increase of tell viability). In an assay to determine inhibition of the $H_2O_2$-activated release of PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8 in human normal fibroblast cell lines, the release of PGE2 and IL-6 was almost completely inhibited above concentrations of 0.05% and 1%, respectively. Moreover, the release of IL-8 was completely inhibited over the entire range of concentrations (> 0.0025%). The result showed that the extract of Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum has sufficient anti-inflammatory effect. There-fore, Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum extract may be useful as an ingredient of cosmetic products.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2009

In order to investigate the effects of elicitors on the growth and ginsenoside biosynthesis of ginseng hairy roots, we treated Panax ginseng hairy root with various concentrations of Haliotidis concha according to different time course. Haliotidis concha supplement increased the biomass and ginsenoside accumulation at 10 mg/L concentration. The growth rate of hairy root under a lighter concentration was greater than hairy root treated with a denser concentration. The highest content and productivity of ginsenosides appeared at 2 weeks after the treatment of 10 mg/L Haliotidis concha. The gene expression of squalene synthase, squalene epoxidase, dammarenediol synthase, cycloartenol synthase, $\beta$-amyrin synthase in hairy roots of ginseng were examined by RT-PCR. The Haliotidis concha treatment resulted in the obvious accumulation of the mRNA of triterpene biosynthesis in Panax ginseng hairy root as compared with the control. In this study, Haliotidis concha acts as a kind of elicitor for the production of ginsenosides.