• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.82-100
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper attempts to compare five free trade agreements with gender chapters ratified by Chile and Canada and derives lessons for Korea in terms of gender-aware trade policy. While Chile and Canada have three and two FTAs with gender chapter respectively, Korea has none so far, although it has already ratified an FTA with the two countries. Design/methodology - This study first investigates all the gender-provisions with the gender chapters, conducts a comparative analysis on the five chapters as well as a case study of one target FTA's implementation and achievements, and finally suggests policy implications for Korea's trade administration as well as trade-related agencies. Findings - According to the analysis, there are three phases in terms of advancement in gender-related trade policy. As Chile is in phase two and Canada is in phase three, Korea remains in phase one. It has a ministry related to gender within the government, but not within the OMT. It has statistics on female business, but not of women traders. It has a few gender-related provisions in its FTAs, but not a gender chapter. In this sense, new mandates related to gender-aware trade policy for OMT, KITA, and KOTRA should be provided to realize the concrete economic benefits resulting from empowering women traders and policies promoting them. Originality/value - Existing studies only focus on introducing gender-related international commitments and Korea's participation in them. This paper is the first attempt to compare actual gender chapters of five FTAs ratified by two countries with the most advanced gender chapters in the world. To gain benefits from the positive gender impact of trade agreements, negotiating and signing gender responsive FTA with future partners is one of the most efficient, as well as inclusive, trade policies urgently needed for Korea.

• Journal of Korean Women's Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.203-231
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• 2014

Political space, the area where politics takes place, is generally treated as a male-centric space. The number of female politicians is increasing, but the core of political space is still dominated by male politicians. Therefore, on the one side, female politicians use masculine rhetoric in order to show that they are equal to male politicians, and on the other side, they use feminine rhetoric like the rhetoric of the First Lady or the rhetoric of motherhood in order to emphasize the differences with male politicians and stress their novelty as female politicians. In this situation, female politicians are confronted with the difficulty that they have to keep a balance between masculine and feminine rhetoric. In this context, this study, in chapter II, analyzes the monopoly of male politicians on political space and the dominance of masculine rhetoric and emphasizes that the political space is strongly gendered. Chapter III examines the possibilities and limits of the rhetoric of the First Lady and of the rhetoric of motherhood which female politicians use in the political space to draw attention to their messages. Chapter IV suggests two strategies to change the situation of the dominance of masculine rhetoric in the political space: the strategy of mainstreaming of women and the strategy of mainstreaming of gender agendas. Lastly, this study emphasizes that we need to develop an alternative feminine rhetoric by paying attention to the diversity of women.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2010

In 1835, quickly after the Cambodian king Ang Chan died, Vietnamese emperor Minh Mang started to proceed his ambition to grab the territory of Cambodia. As the first step, he stationed big forces led by Truong Minh Giang in Phnom Phen, and appointed the Ang Chan's second daughter, Mei, as the successor of her father but with the humble title of Chan Lap Quan Chu, or the Prefecture sovereign of Cambodia. This article discusses the ways how the Vietnamese leaders manipulated the status of the Cambodian queen with each step of protection, assimilation, and finally a rupture. The author seeks for Vietnamese own theory of annexation in the process. In doing so, the author claims that Vietnamese tough policy of annexation was closely interwoven with the unequal relationship between the Vietnamese emperors and the Cambodian queen, i. e. men and woman. The first chapter discusses how and why the second daughter was chosen, and what in reality the status of the queen was under the protection of Vietnamese general Truong Minh Giang. Second chapter shows how much Mei was bullied by the Vietnamese. She was kidnapped to Vietnam, and was even regarded by the Cambodian people that she became the 'lover' or the 'concubine' of the general Truong Minh Giang. Third chapter deals with Vietnam's retreat forced by the Cambodian resistance together with the Thai intervention, and discusses how much Vietnam tried to maintain its authority over Cambodia through the queen Mei. Cambodia, in the 19th century, was a experimental place for the 'mission of civilization' from the side of Vietnam. Mei was a main character in this period from the beginning to the end. The conclusion of this article stresses that the desire of Vietnam ('civilized') to assimilate Cambodia ('barbarious') was strengthened by the psychology of the male master (Vietnam) to domesticate the female subject (Cambodia). The relationship between Vietnam and Cambodia was not only political but also gender oriented. In this epic, the existence of the queen Mei should be regarded as an important key to understanding of the Vietnamese theory for the annexation of Cambodia.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.326-340
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• 2010

TGT (teams-games-tournaments) cooperative learning is suggested as a method which enables both the individualized teaching-learning and the small group learning in students-centered open education. This study investigated the instructional effects of the pre-learning program applied by ICT-based TGT cooperative module for science museum excursion regarding of the earth and the moon on the science related attitude according to gender difference in elementary school science class. Three classes of third graders (N=87) at a elementary school were randomly assigned to the ICT-based TGT cooperative learning group, the ICT learning group, and traditional learning group. The students were taught about the planning of exploring the moon in the chapter of the earth and the moon, for 1 class hour. Prior to the instructions, the TOSRA(test of science related attitude) and achievement test were administered. Two-way ANCOVA results revealed that the scores of the ICT-based TGT cooperative learning group were significantly higher than the other learning groups for most of the TOSRA scales. However, there was a little significant difference among the three groups in the three distinct scales of TOSRA, Normality of Scientists, Leisure Interest in Science, and Career Interest in Science. Advantage/disadvantage and usefulness of ICT-based TGT cooperative learning were also discussed.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.77-114
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• 2020

This article aims to examine the Sinpa of Along With the Gods: The Two Worlds. Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds was a box office hit with a 10 million attendance mark, but it was also criticized as a 'Korean Sinpa' at the time of its release. The original version of Along with the Gods is a Webtoon called Singwahamkke in Korean. The popularity of Singwahamkke and its adaptation, Along with the Gods was enormous, which prompted a very active research to be carried about the work. However there are only a few articles which analyze the Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds focusing on the Sinpa, even though the Sinpa of the Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds was a highly controversial issue when the movie was released. In this regard, this article tries to examine the Sinpa of the Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds closely, especially by comparing it with the original webtoon Singwahamkke Jeoseung. The body part of this article is composed of three major parts: chapters 2, 3, and 4. Chapter 2 contains an in depth explanation about the notion of Sinpa, the main conceptual research tool for this study. In chapter 3, the original webtoon Singwahamkke Jeoseung is examined closely. This chapter analyzes the 'Sinpajeok moment' in Singwahamkke Jeoseung and argues that despite the presence of Sinpa elements, the webtoon cannot be considered a 'Sinpajeok text'. On the other hand the main subject of chapter 4 is discovering what effect the adaptation from webtoon to movie had on this work, with a particular focus on the gender of Sinpa and Kim Ja-hong. Chapter 5, which corresponds to the conclusion, briefly evaluates the social significance of the controversy arisen in South Korea about the Sinpa in Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds. Sinpa is one of the most repeated code in the realm of Korean popular narrative. This is why the Sinpa of contemporary text is examined continuously even though there are already plenty of studies on the Sinpa. Everyone has called Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds Sinpa but no one has properly analyzed it. It is hoped that this article which closesly examined the Sinpa in Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds contribute to the field of Sinpa. It is also expected that this article can find appropriate contextual meaning of the series of Along with the Gods.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.161-188
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• 2020

This paper seeks to expand the scale of literary history by restoring and analyzing the whole aspect of Kwak Hashin's works, which has so far been studied little. For this purpose, I notice the rupture of discontinuity of his works which is greatly divided into the colonial period and post Korean war period. And the characteristics of each works can be analyzed based on the three axis, local(colonial period), jobless person(post-war period), and Homo Economicus(some short stories, and popular novels in post-war period). In Chapter 2, 'Local-the world of Munjang', I evaluated that Kwak Hashin's novel, which had been published in the late 1930s in the Journal of Munjang, embodied anti-modern aesthetic consciousness, as clearly revealing the sorrow for disappearing things, the pre-modern sense of time, and the preference for local. In Chapter 3, 'Jobless Person' and Chapter 4, 'The State of All People's Struggle against All People, The Appearance of Homo Economicus', the Korean society in late 1950s, which entered underdeveloped capitalist countries after Korean war, can be characterized by two contrasting male-gender, one is the jobless, incompetent male, and the economic man on the other hand. In the late '50s, Lumpen(=Jobless Person) novels showed the problems of the Korean economy through incompetent male character. The intelligent men took the path to survival rather than morality or intimacy, projecting their own incompetence and anxiety to women/wives. In the popular novels Women's Song and The Shadow of the Fig Tree, achievement-oriented male figures who betrayed their colleagues, and exploited women's sex by using love relationships to rise to the top appeared. They can be defined as the Homo Economicus who embody the state of universal struggle against all people. These novels showed the formation of the masculinity in post Korean war period, which pursued the survival of the fittest, borrowing form of popular novel. As we have seen so far, Kwak Hashin needs to be re-evaluated as an writer who expanded the modern literary history in the outside of literature. He was the last generation writer written in Korean late colonial period, and provided the model of postwar literature by borrowing the form of journalism and popular novels.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2011

In this study, Jigsaw III cooperative learning strategy and traditional learning strategy have been applied to the 'electricity' chapter of grade 8 science textbooks to know the effects of learning strategy, gender, and GPA on the students' science achievement and science learning attitude of middle school female students in gender-separated classes. For this purpose, 143 students of 4 classes in separated classes were chosen from a middle school in Daegu. One female class and one male class were assigned to the experimental group and other female class and male class were assigned to the control group. Traditional learning strategy was applied to the control group and the Jigsaw III cooperative learning strategy was applied to the experimental group. Four worksheets for expert groups were used for 18 hours through 5 weeks. Both tests for science achievement and learning attitude were administered as pre and post test. The test results were analyzed through analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) as pre test score as covariant The overall conclusions of this study were as follows: The Jigsaw III cooperative learning has improved science achievement, especially on subjective-type questions, of female students and mid-lower level students. The Jigsaw III Cooperative Learning has also improved self-directed attitude toward science learning. Female students have expressed more positive opinion about the Jigsaw III cooperative learning.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.227-255
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• 2020

This paper aims to explore the nature of the making of speaking subject in early Korean Protestantism, focusing on the educational spaces for women. Traditional women could become a speaking subject through various educational programs provided by Protestantism in modern Korea. Especially three kinds of educational space played the crucial role of making women a speaking subject. The first was Bible class established for women in rural areas. Since most Korean women were unable to read and write, Protestant churches taught them Hangul[Korean alphabet] before teaching the Bible. Korean women studied the Bible in Bible class, Women's Bible School, and Women's High Bible School. Through this education, traditional women were liberated from the world of ignorance and obedience, and then become a speaking subject. The second was speeches and discussions that have emerged in institutional spaces such as mission schools for girls and women's organizations. Students at mission school were able to learn how to express their opinions by way of public speaking and discussion classes. Women were able to become speaking subjects in the process of learning such techniques of modern language. At that time, representative discussion spaces were Lee Mun-hoe, Joyce Chapter, and YWCA. The third was testimony and dialect. Unlike sermons and public prayers, which were only allowed to male elites, testimony and dialectics are a form of speech that transcends gender or status constraints. Especially in the space of the revival movement, women confirmed their dignity through active testimony, and their religious identity was strengthened in the process. Dialect also served as the language of liberation for women suffered and alienated from male-dominant culture. Dialect is a device that exercises the right to speak against transcendental authority. Furthermore, in Protestantism of early modern Korea, the speaking subject's act of speech was elevated beyond personal matters to social issues, women's issues, and ethnic issues.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.251-276
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• 2020

The purpose of this article is to critically read Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America to examine trends in border studies conducted so far in Europe and North America and to discuss the expandability and limitations of the narrative. It introduces a variety of case studies covering the borderlands of Europe and North America from ancient to modern times. It consists of a total of 10 chapters, in addition to the introduction chapter to clarify the purpose and definition of the collaboration and the short conclusion chapter on the prospects for the future of borderlands studies. This volume has some important implications for current borderland research in two main respects. First, it can introduce us we the areas and targets that the leading researchers from European and North American academia (usually the United States') have paid attention to. It also examines the current status of borderland research and predicts whether it will be possible to study various border areas where exist in other regions (especially in Asia) based on accumulating academic achievements, as well as the possibility of expansion of so-called 'globalization'. Second, it introduces the borderland as a conceptual space, beyond the border area as a physical space that is commonly thought of when it comes to 'border'. Cases of "conceptual borderlands" can be applied to a number of topics ranging from an individual's identities to the methods of governance, religions, economies, social institutions, families, labor issues, public health services and gender issues. There are, however, also some questions to be noted in the volume: the lack of consistent use of terminology, which can be considered general problems of collaboration studies; the fact that the authors still tend to understand borderlands within the imperialist discourse, perhaps because of their academic background is situated mainly in Europe and North America; the borderlands cases described here as the areas of conflict and struggle only. Nevertheless, the book is of significance in that it suggests a possibility of various borderlands studies and helps us to have better understanding of the current geopolitical situation imposed on the Korean Peninsula, which is located on the borderland between the continental and maritime powers.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.63-80
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual ICT utilization and recognition, to identify the effective and relevant chapters of home economics which can be taught using ICT in teaching and learning method. There were 372 secondary school teachers being participated in the survey. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1. The reason why they have ICT utilization Instruction is to help the learners improve the academic accomplishment in the development stage through providing data from web-surfing and presentational data such as developed CD, animation and presentations. 2. Regarding ICT utilization capability. teachers have the capability to send and receive E-mail, make a presentation data. practical use of Internet. In addition, the group with less than 10 years experience have a higher capability in information technology. 3. Concerning ICT utilization recognition, this result shows that ICT Instruction is the most effective to motivate learners, and teachers anticipate ICT Instruction would improve the quality of the teaching & learning. 4. The chapter such as 'how to make clothing and recycling'(database). 'the foundation of cooking and its application' (database). 'gender and acquaintance of the opposite sex', 'nutrition of during adolescence' (simulation program) should be the first priority in the development.