• Title/Summary/Keyword: Gaze-tracking

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An Analysis of Gaze Differences between Pre-service Teachers and Experienced Teachers on Mathematics Lesson Plan (예비교사와 경력교사의 수학 수업지도안에 대한 시선 차이 분석)

  • Son, Taekwon;Lee, Kwang-Ho
    • Education of Primary School Mathematics
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-26
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the process of reading and understanding mathematics lesson plan through eye-tracking to suggest implications of pre-service teacher education. As a result of the analysis, the pre-service teachers felt that the mathematics lesson plans were more difficult than the experienced teacher, they read and understood the mathematics lesson plan in sequential order. Experienced teachers, on the other hand, used a hypertext reading strategy to find key topics and make connections in order to grasp the flow of instruction in mathematics lesson plan. Based on these results, several suggestions were drawn for pre-service teachers when teaching their ability to read and understand mathematics lesson plan.

A Computer Access System for the Physically Disabled Using Eye-Tracking and Speech Recognition (아이트래킹 및 음성인식 기술을 활용한 지체장애인 컴퓨터 접근 시스템)

  • Kwak, Seongeun;Kim, Isaac;Sim, Debora;Lee, Seung Hwan;Hwang, Sung Soo
    • Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.5-15
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    • 2017
  • Alternative computer access devices are one of the ways for the physically disabled to meet their desire to participate in social activities. Most of these devices provide access to computers by using their feet or heads. However, it is not easy to control the mouse by using their feet, head, etc. with physical disabilities. In this paper, we propose a computer access system for the physically disabled. The proposed system can move the mouse only by the user's gaze using the eye-tracking technology. The mouse can be clicked through the external button which is relatively easy to press, and the character can be inputted easily and quickly through the voice recognition. It also provides detailed functions such as mouse right-click, double-click, drag function, on-screen keyboard function, internet function, scroll function, etc.

A Study on Students' Learning Process in Practical Education using an Equipment (장비활용 실습에서 피교육자의 학습과정에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Kwang-Tae
    • The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.165-172
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    • 2012
  • For practical education, many practices using various practical equipments have to be provided to students. In this study, the application of learning curve to represent student's learning process in a practical education using a equipment was studied. Learning curve model was originally developed in production management and based on human performance in human factors aspects. In this study, the application of learning curve model was studied on the eye tracking system, which is used to evaluate the usability of a product in design area. As a case study for its applicability, practical education for eye tracking system was provided to three students and then task completion times were measured for hardware system setup and gaze image recording. Learning curves were estimated for two tasks and then task completion times were predicted using the learning curves. Through ANOVA(analysis of variance) and correlation analysis, the applicability of learning curve to practical education was analysed. As the result, learning curve could be effectively applied to practical eduacation using equipment.

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A Study on eye-tracking software design and development for e-sports viewing on the web (e 스포츠 웹 시청 연구를 위한 시선 분석도구 설계 및 개발)

  • Ko, Eunji;Choi, SunYoung
    • Journal of Korea Game Society
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.121-132
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    • 2015
  • This study suggests a design for an analytical software program and method for multitasking e-sports viewing through the web using an eye tracking device. To fulfill this task, we designed a Window of Interest (WOI) to measure and record visually on a screen wherever numerous multitasking activities occur. In addition, we developed an OBS (Opensource Broadcaster Software) plug-in that records and streams participant viewing behavior patterns in real time. The purpose of this study is as follows. First, unlike existing tools that limit web interface recording to still images, the developed tool can record dynamically via media such as videos. Second, when several windows are processed on a screen, the tool can accurately record the gaze positions of the participants. Lastly, the tool can enhance the objective validity of the data as it can be implemented in natural situations. Therefore, this study can trace natural viewing patterns and behavior as we do not create artificial experimental environments and stimuli.

A Study on the Visual Perception of Characters Using Eye Tracking (시선추적장치를 활용한 캐릭터의 시지각 집중도에 관한 연구)

  • Yin, Shuo-Han;Park, Min-Hee;Hwang, Mi-Kyung;Nam, Ga-Young;Kwon, Mahn-Woo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.105-113
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    • 2019
  • This study is to analyze the concentration of visual perception of the subject through the eye-tracking experiments targeting popular characters and to investigate it is effective to highlight which part of the character in inducing consumers' interest and curiosity. As a result of the study, the subjects paid more attention to the face than the character's body, and also noted a little attention to auxiliary elements such as pants, tees, shoes, and whiskers. These results mean there is clearly different factor in which the subject's gaze on the character frequently stays and does for a long time. Therefore, the designers should recognize the differences of the concentration of visual perception by character components as a differentiating factor to feel the emotional satisfaction such as the user's interest, empathy, and immersion in the character and actively reflect it when developing the character design. In addition, there was a difference in the visual perception concentration of each of the auxiliary elements, and if careful research is done on whether the influence factors are also due to individual characteristics or another influential factors, it will be a wider study on character design.

An analysis of eye tracking experiment on the patients' viewing characteristics in dental clinic (치과 진료 시 공간 요소에 대한 환자의 주시특성파악 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Ho;Jung, Yoona;Song, Eunsung;Ju, Kyungwon;Kim, Wonhyeon;Kim, Bongju
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.57 no.2
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    • pp.52-63
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    • 2019
  • Technological advances in contemporary medicine has discovered the causes of countless diseases and recorded a noticeable medical performance. As technology develops, the role of hospitals is expanding to include disease prevention of inpatients, on top of their fundamental role of treating diseases. Recently, hospitals are becoming more influential as they create environments to provide comfort and stability to patients. In this regard, contemporary hospitals are increasingly shifting their focus to create a patient-centric environment as well as develop into humanistic establishments. The same goes to dentists, as well. Since inpatients often have fear and frustration over treatment, hospitals should figure out the environmental factors that are more effective and relaxing for patients and design medical services to provide them. The patients' movement and spaces during their treatment were categorized by stages and collected for gazing information using eye tracking. It analyzed users' gaze information according to Heatmap analysis of distribution and frequency and was determined the presence or absence of stimuli on the components of space. This research is an advanced research to study and enhance treatment environment based on the analysis of patients' gazes. It attempted to create an opportunity to get closer to patient-centric environment by understanding the stimulants and obstacles and controlling the background settings.

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Spatial Information Search Features Shown in Eye Fixations and Saccades (시선의 고정과 도약에 나타난 공간정보 탐색 특성)

  • Kim, Jong-Ha
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.22-32
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    • 2017
  • This research is to analyze the spatial information search features which shown by Eye fixation and movement and conducted eye tracking experiment for targeting sports shop spatial images which it are same but looks different. This is able to find out the eye movement feature according to placement of goods from the eye movement and movement distance of spatial visitor, and the result can be defined as following. First, the whole original-reverse left / right images have a higher number of observations in the [IN] area than in the [OUT] area. This is because after eye taking high observations in LA area of [IN] have been jump-over [OUT], performed search activities in low eye fixation without high eye fixation. Second, there was a difference in the frequency of the observation data as the composition of the images changed. The original image has been often fixed the eyes in LA area, and the one that has been observed for a long time is reverse left / right image. Also, fixation point was shown higher at the reverse left / right image as jump-over from [OUT] area to [IN] area. If LA area seen as reverse left / right image, it is located in right-hand side. The case where the dominant area is on the right side has a characteristic that the eye fixation is longer. This can be understand that the arrangement of products for attract the customer's attention in the commercial space might be more effective when it is on the right side. Third, the moving distance(IN ${\rightarrow}$ OUT) of the sight pointed to external from LA area was long in the both original-reverse left / right images, but it is no relation with search direction([IN${\rightarrow}$OUT] [IN${\rightarrow}$OUT]) of the sight. In other words, the sight that entered in LA area can be seen as visual perception activity for re-searching after big jump-over, in the case go in to outward (OUT area) after searching for more than certain time. The fact that the moving distance of eye is relatively short in the [IN ${\rightarrow}$ OUT] process considered as that the gaze that stays outside the LA area naturally enters in to LA area.

A Study on Controlling IPTV Interface Based on Tracking of Face and Eye Positions (얼굴 및 눈 위치 추적을 통한 IPTV 화면 인터페이스 제어에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Won-Oh;Lee, Eui-Chul;Park, Kang-Ryoung;Lee, Hee-Kyung;Park, Min-Sik;Lee, Han-Kyu;Hong, Jin-Woo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.35 no.6B
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    • pp.930-939
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    • 2010
  • Recently, many researches for making more comfortable input device based on gaze detection have been vigorously performed in human computer interaction. However, these previous researches are difficult to be used in IPTV environment because these methods need additional wearing devices or do not work at a distance. To overcome these problems, we propose a new way of controlling IPTV interface by using a detected face and eye positions in single static camera. And although face or eyes are not detected successfully by using Adaboost algorithm, we can control IPTV interface by using motion vectors calculated by pyramidal KLT (Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi) feature tracker. These are two novelties of our research compared to previous works. This research has following advantages. Different from previous research, the proposed method can be used at a distance about 2m. Since the proposed method does not require a user to wear additional equipments, there is no limitation of face movement and it has high convenience. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could be operated at real-time speed of 15 frames per second. Wd confirmed that the previous input device could be sufficiently replaced by the proposed method.

A Study on the GEO-Tracking Algorithm of EOTS for the Construction of HILS system (HILS 시스템 구축을 위한 EOTS의 좌표지향 알고리즘 실험에 대한 연구)

  • Gyu-Chan Lee;Jeong-Won Kim;Dong-Gi Kwag
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.663-668
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    • 2023
  • Recently it is very important to collect information such as enemy positions and facilities. To this end, unmanned aerial vehicles such as multicopters have been actively developed, and various mission equipment mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles have also been developed. The coordinate-oriented algorithm refers to an algorithm that calculates a gaze angle so that the mission equipment can fix the gaze at a desired coordinate or position. Flight data and GPS data were collected and simulated using Matlab for coordinate-oriented algorithms. In the simulation using only the coordinate data, the average Pan axis angle was about 0.42°, the Tilt axis was 0.003°~0.43°, and the relatively wide error was about 0.15° on average. As a result of converting this into the distance in the NE direction, the error distance in the N direction was about 2.23m on average, and the error distance in the E direction was about -1.22m on average. The simulation applying the actual flight data showed a result of about 19m@CEP. Therefore, we conducted a study on the self-error of coordinate-oriented algorithms in monitoring and information collection, which is the main task of EOTS, and confirmed that the quantitative target of 500m is satisfied with 30m@CEP, and showed that the desired coordinates can be directed.

Comparative Study on Eye-Tracking Evaluation and Landscape Adjectives Evaluation - Focusing on the Nightscape of a University Campus - (아이트래킹 평가 방법과 경관 형용사 평가 비교 연구 - 대학 캠퍼스 야간경관을 대상으로 -)

  • Kang, Young-Eun;Kim, Song-Yi;Baek, Jae-Bong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.38-48
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of visual perception and to extend the landscape evaluation area by comparing eye-tracking evaluation and landscape adjective evaluation methods towards various type of nightscapes. As a result of the study, it showed that 'blink count', 'fixation duration average', and 'saccade duration average' of eye tracking measurements have a significant correlation with 'beautiful', 'interesting', 'accessible', 'satisfying', and 'safe' regarding landscape adjectives. In addition, there was a tendency toward areas of interests (AOIs) depending on 12 different nightscapes, which showed that the gaze was fixated by focusing on certain landscape elements such as 'door' and 'signs'. These results suggest that the eye-tracking method is an effective tool to specify the evaluation of 'landscape elements' rather than the 'whole landscape' and can be used as a basis to support landscape preference theories, which has been presented as conceptual only. In this way, the results of this study demonstrated the possibility of various applications of eye tracking as an objective landscape evaluation technique, and it is possible to suggest specific implications to landscape planning through the accumulation of continuous research results.