• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.885-900
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• 2015

This paper introduces Romberg-Richardson's method as one of the numerical integration tools for computation of stress intensity factor in a pre-cracked specimen subjected to a complex stress field across the crack faces. Also, the computation of stress intensity factor for various stress fields using existing three methods: average stress over interval method, piecewise linear stress method, piecewise quadratic method are modified by using Richardson extrapolation method. The direct integration method is used as reference for constant and linear stress distribution across the crack faces while Gauss-Chebyshev method is used as reference for nonlinear distribution of stress across the crack faces in order to obtain the stress intensity factor. It is found that modified methods (average stress over intervals-Richardson method, piecewise linear stress-Richardson method, piecewise quadratic-Richardson method) yield more accurate results after a few numbers of iterations than those obtained using these methods in their original form. Romberg-Richardson's method is proven to be more efficient and accurate than Gauss-Chebyshev method for complex stress field.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.673-679
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• 2021

The moment calculation in a truncated multivariate normal distribution is a long-standing problem in statistical computation. Recently, Kan and Robotti (2017) developed an algorithm able to calculate all orders of moment under different types of truncation. This result was implemented in an R package MomTrunc by Galarza et al. (2021); however, it is difficult to use the package in practical statistical problems because the computational burden increases exponentially as the order of the moment or the dimension of the random vector increases. Meanwhile, Lee (2021) presented an efficient numerical method in both accuracy and computational burden using Gauss-Hermit quadrature. This article introduces trunmnt implementation of Lee's work as an R package. The Package is believed to be useful for moment calculations in most practical statistical problems.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 1998

In this study, we consider a recursive procedure to obtain the stationary probability distribution for analyzing Coxian queueing networks with finite queues. This network deals with multiple class customers. Due to the state space representing multiple class customers, the sub-matrices corresponding to states can not be square matrices and can not be inverted. Therefore, we introduce more complex recursive method to avoid the singular problem. The open queueing network that we study consists of 3 parallel first-level sources linked to a single second level queue. We consider two types of schemes for entering a queue. The first scheme is assumed to be the first-blocked-first-enter (FBFE) and the second scheme is the higher-priority-first-enter (HPFE). Arrival and service times are assume to have a Coxian distribution with two phases. Comparison between the resulting using Gauss-Seidel method and recursive procedure will be shown.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the theory of railway transport in Azerbaijan. And also to determine the economic importance of this mode of transport and analyze its relationship with the country's GDP. Research design, data and methodology: This paper studies the theory of railway transport with a focus on the case of Azerbaijan. The economic value of this type of transport is determined, and its relationship with countries' GDP was analyzed. A qualitative model of multiple regressions was developed to characterize the dependence of the GDP of Azerbaijan on the performance of the railway industry. The feasibility of the Gauss-Markov hypotheses was analyzed. Finally, an economic interpretation of the results from the developed model is provided. Results: The results show that the main factors of this dependence are the length of roads and the average monthly salary of employees of the railway industry in Azerbaijan. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that rail transport contributes to the country's economy. The commencement of active work on the new railway Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway will increase contribution to the economy of Azerbaijan. The development of railway transportation is important for the country's economy, as it will contribute to the development of other sectors in Azerbaijan.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2018

A genius "Prince of Mathematician" Gaussian and "Father of Communication" Shannon comes up with the creative idea of motivation to meet each other? The answer is a coin leaf. Gaussian found some creative ideas in the matter of obtaining a sum of 1 to 100. This is the same as the probability distribution curve when a coin leaf is thrown. Shannon extended the Gaussian probability distribution to define the entropy, taking the source symbol and the reciprocal logarithm to obtain the weighted average. These where the genius Gaussian and Shannon meet in the same coin leaf. This paper focuses on this point, and easily proves Gaussian distribution and Shannon entropy. As an application example, we have obtained the capacity and transition probability of Jeongju seminal vesicle, and the Shannon channel capacity is 1 when the equivalent transition probability is 1/2.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2003

The object of this study is to observe the effects of magnetism on the osteoblasts using a neodymium magnet. The osteoblasts was cultured under magnetic fields of varying intensities to evaluate the effect of magnetism on the activity and alkaline phosphatase acitivty of the osteoblasts. Osteoblasts were cultured in the cell density of $10^4$ for the evaluation of cell proliferation and 105/ml for the evaluation of ALP activity under 0. 10, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 gauss for 24 hour. For evaluation of osteoblast morphologic changes under magnetic, osteoblasts were observed by inverted microscope and TEM. To elucidate if IGF-receptors are increased under the magnetic field, we investigated osteoblasts by immunofluoroscence staining. The results were as follows: In the varying intensities of magnetic fields, the degree of cell proliferation was the highest in the magnetic field of 10 gauss and this gradually decreased up to 1000 gauss. In the magnetic fields stronger than 1000 gauss, the degree of the cell proliferation decreased to an even lower level than that of the control group. The ALP activity and protein synthesis showed a similar increase pattern as the degree of cell proliferation compared to the control group but showed little difference. Under the microscope, morphological change of the cells ( decrease in length and increase in roundness) were observed but no peculiarity of cell distribution could be found according to the magnetic field line. In the proper intensity of magnetic fields (10 gauss), the cultured cells showed increase in number of IGF Receptors compared to that of the control group.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2023

Gauss Sieve is an algorithm for solving SVP and requires exponential time and space complexity. The terminationcondition of the Sieve is determined by the size of the constructed list and the number of collisions related to space complexity. The term 'collision' refers to the state in which the sampled vector is reduced to the vector that is already inthe list. if collisions occur more than a certain number of times, the algorithm terminates. When executing previous algorithms, we noticed that unnecessary operations continued even after the shortest vector was found. This means that the existing termination condition is set larger than necessary. In this paper, after identifying the point where unnecessary operations are repeated, optimization is performed on the number of operations required. The tests are conducted by adjusting the threshold of the collision that becomes the termination condition and the distribution in whichthe sample vector is generated. According to the experiments, the operation that occupies the largest proportion decreased by62.6%. The space and time complexity also decreased by 4.3 and 1.6%, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Electrical impedance tomography is a relatively new nondestructive imaging modality in which the internal conductivity distribution is reconstructed based on the injected currents and measured voltages through electrodes placed on the surface of a domain. In this paper, a fast iterative Gauss-Newton method is proposed to increase the spatial resolution as well as reduce the inverse computational time in the inverse problem, which could be applied to online binary mixture flow applications. To evaluate the reconstruction performance of the proposed method, numerical experiments have been carried out and the results are analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1990.02a
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• pp.79-81
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• 1990

Temperature distribution of laser diode chip mounted on ideal heat kink was calculated by numerical analysis. In numerical analysis, infinite difference method and Gauss-Scidel iteration was adopted on the basis of two dimensional heat conduction phenomena. As a result, temperature increase of active medium of laser diode driven at 60mA was calculated to be 1.47$^{\circ}C$

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 1989

The effects of angular misalignment, coning and the temperature difference between the primary seal ring and the seal seat on the pressure distribution in mechanical face seals are analyzed. The modified Reynolds equation for the temperature dependent viscosity was solved by a finite difference approximation and Gauss-Seidel method. It is shown that the amplitude of pressure is significantly affected by the misalignment of the seals and a large temperature difference between the rotor and the stator.