• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2020

Purpose: The Oral-anal Transit Test (OTT) is a simple method of obtaining information about colonic transit. We aim to assess the correlation of OTT with the neuromuscular integrity of the colon determined by colonic manometry (CM). Methods: All patients who had OTT followed by CM were evaluated. Less than 6 of 24 markers remaining on OTT was considered normal. CM was performed per previously published guidelines. A normal CM was defined as at least one High Amplitude Propagating Contraction progressing from the most proximal sensor through the sigmoid colon. Results: A total of 34 patients underwent both OTT and CM (44% male, age 4-18 years, mean 11.5 years, 97% functional constipation +/- soiling, Hirschsprung's Disease). Of normal and abnormal OTT patients, 85.7% (6/7) and 18.5% (5/27) respectively had normal CM. When all markers progressed to at least the sigmoid colon, this was 100% predictive against colonic inertia. Greater than 50% of patients with manometric isolated sigmoid dysfunction had markers proximal to the recto-sigmoid. Conclusion: OTT and CM are both valuable studies that assess different aspects of colonic function. OTT can be used as a screening test to rule out colonic inertia. However, the most proximal extent of remaining markers does not predict the anatomical extent of the manometric abnormality, particularly in isolated sigmoid dysfunction.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.669-675
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• 2018

Background/Aims Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and these patients frequently overlap. Trimebutine has been known to be effective in controlling FD co-existing diarrhea-dominant IBS, however its effect on overlap syndrome (OS) patients has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effect of trimebutine on the model of OS in guinea pigs. Methods Male guinea pigs were used to evaluate the effects of trimebutine in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) induced OS model. Different doses (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) of trimebutine were administered orally and incubated for 1 hour. The next treatment of $10{\mu}g/kg$ of CRF was intraperitoneally injected and stabilized for 30 minutes. Subsequently, intragastric 3 mL charcoal mix was administered, incubated for 10 minutes and the upper GI transit analyzed. Colonic transits were assessed after the same order and concentrations of trimebutine and CRF treatment by fecal pellet output assay. Results Different concentrations (1, 3, and $10{\mu}g/kg$) of rat/human CRF peptides was tested to establish the OS model in guinea pigs. CRF $10{\mu}g/kg$ was the most effective dose in the experimental OS model of guinea pigs. Trimebutine (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) treatment significantly reversed the upper and lower GI transit of CRF induced OS model. Trimebutine significantly increased upper GI transit while it reduced fecal pellet output in the CRF induced OS model. Conclusions Trimebutine has been demonstrated to be effective on both upper and lower GI motor function in peripheral CRF induced OS model. Therefore, trimebutine might be an effective drug for the treatment of OS between FD and IBS patients.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2021

Obejectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the efficacy of pacemaker potentials of interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) by Fermented Lotus Root (FLR) in small intestine. Methods : Enzyme digestions were used to separate the ICC. Using electrophysiological methods, pacemaker potentials were measured and intestinal transit rates (ITR) experiments were conducted to identify in vivo gastrointestinal motility. Results : 1. FLR (0.5-10 mg/ml) caused membrane depolarization by electrophysiological methods. 2. In the case of pretreatment with a Ca²⁺ free solution and thapsigargin, the pacemaker potential disappeared and in this case, FLR did not have a membrane depolarization reaction. 3. Lowering the concentration of extracellular Na⁺ concentration stoped the pacemaker potentials and inhibited the reaction caused by FLR. Flufenamic acid also inhibited the reaction by FLR. 4. In mice, ITR was increased by FLR. Conclusions : This study shows that FLR can control ICC by an internal/external Ca²⁺ and Na⁺. It also shows that FLR can be a good candidate for gastrointestinal motility medication development.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.493-497
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• 2005

Probiotics are generally excreted within a few days if their ingestion in feces at the same rate as or even more quickly than a transit marker (meaning not clear). Ability of probiotics to adhere to intestine prolongs their persistence in gastrointestinal tract, allowing them to exert healthful effects longer. Hydrophobicities, zeta potentials, Alcian blue-binding capacities, and sedimentation profiles of Pichia farinosa SKM-1, P. anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59 were determined to evaluate characteristic properties of cell surfaces responsible for adhesion. Results of intestinal Caco-2 cell line in vitro and murine intestine in vivo studies revealed these strains exhibit adhesive properties regardless of their cell surface hydrophobicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1112-1120
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effets of chitosan and beef tallow at different level on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. Dietary fot level was 20% and 40%, and chitosan was given at levels of 0%, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. Chitosan supplement tended to decrease the serum total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol : total cholesterol ratio tended to increase with 5% chitosan supplementation. LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride tended to decrease with chitosan supplementation. Lipid concentration of liver and epididymal fat pad(EEP) tended to decrease with medium dietary fat and chitosan treatment. fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride exhibited a tendency to increase with high fat levels and chitosan. Length of small intestine and gastrointestinal transit time were not affected by dietary fit levels or chitosan supplements. Therefore, it could be suggested that chitosan supplement had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1112-1120, 1998)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2013

Motilitone$^{(R)}$ (DA-9701) is a new herbal drug that was launched for the treatment of functional dyspepsia in December 2011 in Korea. The heterogeneous symptom pattern and multiple causes of functional dyspepsia have resulted in multiple drug target strategies for its treatment. DA-9701, a compound consisting of a combination of Corydalis Tuber and Pharbitidis Semen, has being developed for treatment of functional dyspepsia. It has multiple mechanisms of action such as fundus relaxation, visceral analgesia, and prokinetic effects. Furthermore, it was found to significantly enhance meal-induced gastric accommodation and increase gastric compliance in dogs. DA-9701 also showed an analgesic effect in rats with colorectal distension induced visceral hypersensitivity and an antinociceptive effect in beagle dogs with gastric distension-induced nociception. The pharmacological effects of DA-9701 also include conventional effects, such as enhanced gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit. The safety profile of DA-9701 is also preferable to that of other treatments.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2005

목 적: Bristol 대변형태척도는 대장통과시간을 예측하는 간단한 방법이나 임상적으로 또는 연구목적으로 널리 사용되지 않고 있다. 이에 저자들은 소화기 증상으로 내원한 환아의 대변표현형, Bristol 대변형태척도와 대장통과시간검사 결과를 비교 분석하여 이들 상호간의 연관성 및 Bristol 대변형 태척도의 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 5월부터 2004년 5월까지 소화기 증상으로 연세의대 세브란스 병원 소아과에 내원한 489명의 환아를 대상으로 연령, 성별, 대변의 표현형, Bristol 대변형태를 기술하고, 방사선 불투과성 표지자(Sitzmark$^R$ 또는 Kolomark$^{TM}$) 24개 또는 20개를 연속적으로 3일간 복용시킨 후 4일째 복부 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 대장통과시간을 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 내원한 환아의 평균 연령은 $8.2{\pm}3.9$세로 5세 이하 116명, 5세 초과부터 10세 이하 202명, 10세 초과 171명이었다. 대변표현형은 묽은 변 65명(13.3%), 정상 변 221명(45.2%), 굳은 변 188명(38.4%), 묽은 변과 굳은 변이 교대하는 환아가 15명(3.1%)이었고, Bristol 대변형태는 type 1이 57명(11.7%), type 2가 66명(13.5%), type 3이 203명(41.5%), type 4가 108명(22.1%), type 5가 36명(7.4%), type 6이 18명(3.7%), type 7이 1명(0.2%)이었다. 환아의 평균대장통과시간은 $35.9{\pm}19.5$시간이었다. 연령군과 평균 대장통과시간은 상관관계(p=4)가 없었다. 환아의 대변표현형, Bristol 대변형태, 대장통과시간은 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계(p<0.001)를 보였으며, 환아가 진술한 대변표현형과 Bristol 형태는 유의한 상관관계(p<0.01)를 가지고 있었으나, 일치율은 묽은 변 29%, 정상 변 37%, 굳은 변 87%로 대변표현형이 굳은 변으로 감에 따라 높았고, 묽은 변으로 갈수록 일치율은 현저히 낮았다. 결 론: 대장통과시간 검사를 시행하지 못하는 환아에 있어서 Bristol 대변형태척도를 이용하여 대장통과시간을 예측하는 것이 임상 진료에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.956-964
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• 2015

Loperamide를 통해 변비가 유발된 실험동물에 유산균 투여가 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 14일 동안 저농도($10^7CFU/mL$ per kg of body weight)의 유산균과 고농도($10^9CFU/mL$ per kg of body weight)의 유산균을 투여한 후, 변비개선 효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 변비 유발 후 유산균을 투여한 실험군들의 경우, 대조군(CON)에 비하여 변의 개수, 변 중량 및 수분 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 소화관 이동률을 조사한 결과, 대조군(CON)에 비하여 변비 유발 후 유산균을 투여한 군에서 정상대조군(NOR)인 군과 유사한 이동성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 변비가 유발된 실험동물의 혈청 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤 함량, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량에는 유산균 투여 유무 및 유산균의 농도에 대한 영향을 크게 받지 않은 것으로 보여진다. 고농도의 유산균을 섭취시킨 실험동물군(HIG)의 경우, 분변으로 유도된 아세트산과 프로피온산의 함량이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 헤마톡실린 및 에오신 염색을 통한 장내 상피세포 관찰을 통해 유산균 분말 투여시 장 점막의 길이와 넓이가 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 메타지노믹스 유전자 분석을 통한 미생물 분포의 상동성을 비교해 본 결과, 고농도의 유산균 투여군(HIG)이 정상대조군(NOR)과 가장 흡사한 분포 특성을 가지고 있음을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과에 따라 유산균 제제는 변비 개선 효과가 있다고 볼 수 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2014

귤나무(Citrus unshiu)의 과피를 말린 한약재인 진피(Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium; ANP)는 오래 전부터 대한민국을 비롯한 동아시아에서 위장관 운동 관련 질환의 치료에 전통적으로 쓰여 왔다. 본 연구에서는 진피 주정 추출물(ANP-E)을 제조하여 실험하였는데, 우선 ANP-E는 5 g/kg의 고용량을 mouse에 경구 투여하였을 때에도 급성독성을 나타내지 않았다. ANP-E가 위장관 운동 기능에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 이를 cisapride의 효과와 비교하기 위하여, mouse를 대상으로 위장관 이송률을 측정하는 실험을 수행하였다. Cisapride는 20세기 말까지 다양한 위장관 운동 저해 상황에서 임상적으로 광범위하게 적용되었던 최고의 위장관 운동 촉진제였으나, 치명적인 부작용으로 인하여 2000년 이후 시장에서 철수된 약물이다. 실험 결과, ANP-E는 정상 및 위장관 운동 저해 상황에서 모두 용량 의존적으로 위장관 운동을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. ANP-E의 위장관 운동 촉진 효과를 cisapride와 비교해 보면, 정상 mouse에서는 cisapride와 거의 대등한 위장관 이송률 수치를 나타내었으며, 특히 위장관 운동 저해 상황에서는 cisapride보다 약효 및 안전성 측면에서 모두 비교 우위를 점하는 강력한 위장관 운동 기능개선 효과를 보였다. 이상과 같은 결과들은, ANP-E가 인간의 위장관 운동 기능 저해 상황을 개선할 수 있는 새롭고 강력한 신약 후보 물질이자, 아직 시장에 출현하지 않고 있는 cisapride의 대체 의약품으로서 개발 가능함을 시사하고 있다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2005

Aqueous extract of antidiarrhoeal formulation (ADF) containing Holarrhena antidysentrica, Aegle marmelos and Punica granatum was investigated for antidiarrhoeal activity against charcoal-induced gut transit, serotonin-induced diarrhoea and $PGE_2-induced$ small intestine enteropooling in rats. The control, standard and test groups of experimental animals were administered with normal saline (p.o.), diphenoxylate hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and ADF (250 mg and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively except the control group of $PGE_2-induced$ small intestine enteropooling which received only 5% ethanol in normal saline (i.p.). Charcoal (10 ml/kg, p.o.) and serotonin $(600\;{\mu}g/kg,\;i.p.)$ were administered after 30 min, while $PGE_2\;(100\;{\mu}g/kg,\;p.o.)$ was administered immediately afterwards. The distance traveled by charcoal in small intestine was measured after 15 and 30 min of charcoal administration, diarrhoea was observed every 30 min for six hour after serotonin administration and the volume of intestinal fluid was measured after 30 min of $PGE_2$ administration. Oral administration of ADF significantly inhibited the frequency of defaecation and decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract, reduced the wetness of faecal dropping in serotonin-induced diarrhoea and also reduced the $PGE_2-induced$small intestine enteropooling. ADF may have potential to reduce the diarrhoea in rats.