• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 2008

Backgrounds & Objectives : The aims of this study were to observe how morphology was changed and whether gastric motility was impaired in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats(DR), and whether Yijin-tang(YJT) was able to restore their impaired gastric motility. Methods : We investigated the change of body weight, feed intake and blood glucose between normal rats (NR) and DR for 12 weeks after induction of diabetes. At the time of 12 weeks after induction of diabetes, gastric surface area, gastric slow wave and gastric emptying rate were measured. Results : Decreased body weight, increased feed intake and increased gastric surface area were observed in DR, compared with NR. The percentage of normogastria decreased but that of bradygastria increased in DR, compared with NR. YJT 90mg/kg had no effect on the correction of gastric slow wave. YJT 90mg/kg and 270mg/kg had a significant effect on improvement of gastric emptying, more than normal saline (NS) in both NR and DR but the gastric emptying rate of DR was significantly lower than that of NR when YJT 90mg/kg and YJT 270mg/kg were administered. Conclusions : We can expect that administration of YJT would be effective on the improvement of gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal symptoms as a juvantia.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2020

Purpose: To examine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in Korea children. Methods: The study was designed as a 1:2 matching case-control study. Using information from the endoscopic database of a tertiary center, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged 18 years or younger who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between January 2014 and December 2017. A total of 21 patients were diagnosed with EoE based on current diagnostic criteria. In addition, 42 controls with normal esophageal biopsy findings matched to each EoE case by sex, age (±1 months), and season were randomly selected during the study period. Results: The mean age of EoE diagnosis was 12.1±4.0 years and the male-to-female ratio was 2:1. The proportion of allergic diseases in patients with EoE (28.6%) was higher than that in the controls (6.8%) (p=0.04). Most EoE patients tested for allergy were positive for at least one antigen, which was significantly different to the controls (88.2% vs. 47.4%, p=0.01). Characteristic endoscopic findings of EoE were noted in 19 patients (90.5%), but 2 patients (9.5%) showed normal esophageal mucosa. The clinical symptoms of EoE were improved by a proton-pump inhibitor in 10 patients (50.0%), and by an H₂ blocker in 9 patients (45.0%). Only one patient (5.0%) required inhaled steroids. Conclusion: While EoE is rare in the Korean pediatric population, the results of this study will improve our understanding of the clinical manifestations of the disease.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.511-520
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• 2020

Purpose: Thickened infant formulas reduce regurgitation frequency and volume. Because the digestive tolerance of locust bean gum-containing formulas is controversial, the effectiveness and tolerance of a locust bean gum-thickened formula in infants presenting with regurgitation was evaluated. No other interventions were allowed during the 1 month follow-up period. Methods: We conducted an open, prospective, observational study of a locust bean gum-thickened formula administered to infants presenting with moderate to severe regurgitation according to parents during 1 month. Effectiveness and tolerance were assessed by evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life indicators. Results: A total of 2,604 infants with an average age of 9.3±4.3 weeks were included in this 1 month trial. Regurgitation frequency and estimated volume decreased significantly (p<0.001) and the episodes were resolved completely in 48% of the infants. A significant decrease in duration of crying and episodes of gas (p<0.001), with improvement in quality of life parameters, was observed. Stool frequency increased and stool consistency softened (p<0.001) to levels within the physiologic range, consistent with the increased fiber load (0.42 g/100 mL). Conclusion: Locust bean gum-thickened formula decreased infant regurgitation, was well tolerated, and improved parental quality of life. Stool composition and frequency of the infants remained within the physiologic range.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1530-1536
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• 1992

From January 1984 to December 1991, One hundred sixty five patients with carcinomoa of the esophagus were treated surgically at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. Among them, hospital records were available in 121 patients and were included in this study. There were 115 men and 6 women, with ages ranging from 40 years to 79 years[mean age of 59.2 years]. The most frequent preoperative symptoms included dysphagia[72.7%], weight loss[60.3%], chest pain or discomfort[14.9%], general malaise[13.2%]. All were treated surgically: 100 patients were managed by curative or palliative resection with reconstruction, and 6 by palliative bypass surgery. In 15 patients, explorative thoracotomy or laparotomy was only done due to unresectability. [operability: 87.6%, resectability: 82.6%] All specimens[those from resectable 100 cases] were sent to pathology, and histopathologic examinations were done; squamous cell carcinomas were found in 95 cases, adenocarcinoma in l. Adenosquamous carcinomas were found in 3, and malignant melanoma in l. Postoperative complications occurred in 34 cases; anastomotic site leakage[10], which was followed by empyema in 9 of them, wound problem[7], hepatic failure[6], pneumonia [3], post-operative bleeding[3], chylothorax[2], post-operative stricture[2], sepsis[1], and tracheobronchial fistula[1]. Hospital deaths were in 6 cases[Hospital mortality: 5.0%]. During the follow up period, 26 patients were proven to be recurrence of cancer locally or distantly. The one, two, and five-year actuarial survival raf.es were 71.3$\pm$4.5%, 57.4$\pm$5.6%, 34.7$\pm$8.9%, respectively. The data from this study suggested that esophagectomy with reconstruction of gastrointestinal tract could be performed with a low operative mortality and a few serious postoperative complications and achieved reasonable long term palliation for carcinoma of the esophagus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of routine haecho bibimbab (boiled rice with assorted seaweed mixtures) consumption on the bowel habits in humans. Forty free-living adults (female 38, male 2) participated in this study (mean age $41.2\;{\pm}\;7.5$). After a baseline survey on general characteristics, life style and dietary habits, the participants were asked to consume haecho bibimbab during two-week period for lunch. Habitual bowel movements were checked out every day by a questionnaire and nutrient intake was estimated by a 24-hour recalls before and after the study. After 2 weeks of clinical trial, the bowel habits had improved. Haecho bibimbab increased the number of bowel movements, changed hard stools into softer ones. It also lessen the sense of incomplete evacuation, and abdominal pain during defecation, increased water intake (p < 0.001) and improved gastrointestinal problem. The participants believed that haecho bibimbab was effective in improving their constipation symptoms and bowel habits (p < 0.01). Routine haecho bibimbab consumption tended to increase especially vitamin A, E and folate intake (p < 0.01). The present findings suggest that routine seaweed-based lunch meal (haecho bibimbab) consumption may improve bowel habits without side effects.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2015

Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) is theoretically a superior choice of minimally-invasive surgery and function-preserving surgery for the treatment of proximal early gastric cancer (EGC) over procedures such as laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG), open total gastrectomy (OTG) and open proximal gastrectomy (OPG). However, LPG and OPG are not popular surgical options due to three main concerns: the first, oncological safety; the second, functional benefits; and the third, anastomosis-related late complications (reflux symptoms and anastomotic stricture). Numerous recent studies have concluded that OPG and LPG present similar oncological safety profiles and improved functional benefits when compared with OTG and LTG. While OPG with modified esophagogastrostomy does not provide satisfactory results, OPG with modified esophagojejunostomy showed similar rates of anastomosis-related late complications when compared to OTG. At this stage, no standard reconstruction method post-LPG exists in the clinical setting. We recently showed that LPG with double tract reconstruction (DTR) is a superior choice over LTG for proximal EGC in terms of maintaining body weight and preventing anemia. However, as there is no definitive evidence in favor of LPG with DTR, a randomized clinical trial comparing LPG with DTR to LTG was recommended. This trial, the Korean Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study-05 (NCT01433861), is expected to assist surgeons in choice of surgical approach and strategy for patients with proximal EGC.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

Purpose: Though caustic injury of the upper digestive tract can lead to severe sequelae, there are few clinical studies on this subject. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical characteristics, the endoscopic findings and the risk factors of the upper digestive lesions in patient with caustic ingestion injury. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 137 patients who ingested caustic materials and who visited to our emergency room from January, 2000 to June, 2009. Results: The most common ingested agent was sodium hypochlorite (44.5%), followed by acetic acid (19.7%), hydrochloric acid (11.7%) and lye (8.0%). Ingestion for suicidal attempt (62.0%) was more frequent than accidental ingestion (30.7%). Grade IIa injury was the most frequent finding on endoscopy of the esophagus and Grade 1 injury was the most frequent finding on endoscopy of the stomach. For the late sequelae, there were 9 cases (6.6%) of esophageal stricture and 2 cases (1.5%) of gastric outlet obstruction. The initial signs and symptoms did not correlate with the development of stricture, but leukocytosis, and grade III injury were related to the risk of developing stricture. Conclusion: Caustic injury of the upper gastrointestinal tract is frequently observed on early endoscopy and it can cause significant late sequelae such as stricture. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate these patients with regular follow up endoscopic examinations for the management of late sequelae.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to describe specific system manifestations and suggested nursing interventions in patients with lupus. Lupus is a chronic, inflammatory, multisystemic disorder of the immune system. Antibodies are formed which react against the person's own normal tissue. This abnormal response can be very damaging and leads to the many manifestations of the lupus. Lupus can affect any part of the body, and patients experience symptoms in organs involved. So lupus patients have integumentary, blood, central nervous system, eye, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, kidney, heart and lining membranes, reproductive system involvement. The courses are unpredictable and very individualized. Lupus varies greatly in severity from mild cases requiring minimal interventions to those in which significant damage occurs to vital organs such as the lungs, heart, kidney and brain which ultimately can be fatal. In addition to direct physical care, the nursing professional has an excellent position from which to support the lupus patient. Patients need assistance with receiving current, accurate information about the disease process and also to be helped in developing realistic expectations and goals. Nursing interventions for the patient with lupus is challenge drawing on at the resources, knowledge and strengths the nursing teams have to offer. Because of the unpredictable, highly individualized and frequently changing the nature of the disease itself as well as the intricacy of the patient's needs. The nurse has a key role in its management. The patient and nurse, working together, have much to offer each other. These are of inestimable value to the patient. As the nurse listens to the patient and learns what problems the patient perceives, can guide the patient in a self-help program that allows to adapt to living with a chronic illness.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 1975

Pan-Korean multi-center trial of doxycycline in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory infection was carried out in the summer(from May to October) of 1975. A total of 204 patients between the ages of 3 and 75 was treated by 37 physicians including the internal medicine, pediatrics and ENT specialist in 17 general hospitals and 2 private clinics all-over the country. The dosage recommended was 200 mg on the first day of therapy followed by 100 mg daily thereafter. The pediatric dosage was 4 mg/kg on the first day and then 2mg/kg on each successive day. The subjective and objective signs of respiratory infection such as temperature, cough, sputum, pain and associated inflammatory symptoms were assessed using the carefully designed protocols and it showed rapid improvement by the fifth day (80%) of therapy. Only minor side-effects were reported and these were mild and mainly limited to gastrointestinal tract. The overall evaluation of the trial showed that 170 patients(83.3%) had a very good or good result, 13 patients (6.4%) a moderate and another 13 patients (6.4%) a negative result.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice for adult periampullary lesions. However there has been no studies on the clinical outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy in children. To evaluate the clinical outcomes, records of 13 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, from 1989 to 2009, at Seoul National University Children's Hospital were reviewed. Mean follow up period was 83 (2-204) months, the male to female ratio was 1:3.3, and the mean age was 11 (2-14) years. Ten patients underwent PPPD and 3 patients had Whipple's operation. The postoperative diagnosis included solid pseudopapillary tumor (9), cavernous hemangioma (1), pseudocyst (1), benign cyst (1), pancreatic disruption (1). Two patients developed postoperative adhesive ileus and among them one patient required operative intervention. Four patients required pancreatin supplementation due to steatorrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. There were no postoperative mortality during the follow up period and no evidence of recurrence in SPT patients. This study demonstrates that the pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure in children is not only feasible but also safe, with no mortality and an acceptable complication rate.