• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2002

Cheonghunhwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CHTGR was CHT adding Gastrodae Rhizoma. The effects of CHTGR on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) is not known. A comparative Study of action-mechanism of CHT and CHTGR on the cerebral hemodynamics is not known too. Therefore, purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHT and CHTGR on the rCBF and MABP, compare action-mechanism of CHT and CHTGR on the rCBF and MABP. The changes of rCBF and BP was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows ; CHT extract was increased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but was not changed MABP compared with CHT non-treated group. CHTGR extract was decreased rCBF and MABP compared with CHTGR non-treated group in a dose-dependent. Action of CHT is not related with adrenergic β-receptor, cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase, but action of CHTGR is related with guanylate cyclase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1095-1101
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gastrodiae Rhizoma (G. Rhizoma) on blood pressure-lowering in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed high-fat diet supplemented with 10% (w/w) of lard during the experimental period of 8 weeks. Forty of male SHR weighing approximately 100 g were randomly divided into eight groups; A: negative control (lard 10%), B: positive control (lard 10% ＋ basal diet ＋ 5 brix water extract), C: lard 10% ＋ 1% G. Rhizoma powder, D: lard 10%＋5% G. Rhizoma powder, E: lard 10%＋2 brix 50% ethanol extract, F: lard 10%＋10 brix 50% ethanol extract, G: lard 10%＋2 brix water extract, H: lard 10% ＋ 10 brix water extract. A gain in weight did not differ significantly among dietary groups, but a little higher in control groups than in G. Rhizoma dietary groups. Except for spleen, weights of liver, kidney and testis are significantly different among dietary groups. Serum total cholesterol concentration was markedly higher in control groups than in G. Rhizoma groups (p<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in serum triglyceride. Except for negative control (A) and group D, serum HDL concentration was significantly higher in G. Rhizoma groups (p<0.05). On the other hand, serum LDL concentration was significantly higher in two control groups (A, B) and markedly lower in E and G groups of hot water extract of G. Rhizoma (p<0.05). Reference systolic blood pressure (BP) showed average 185.7$\pm$5.8 mmHg for 4 weeks after feeding high-fat diet, and the pressure was measured on every 7 days intervals after feeding of G. Rhizoma diet. Comparing with reference BP before feeding of G. Rhizoma diet, the groups of 50% ethanol (E, F) and water (G) extracts on BP level after 28 days were shown to be reduced at 16.8, 20.2 and 11.7 mmHg, respectively. When the pressure (187 mmHg) of group A was considered as 100%, the reduction rate of BP in group F was 11% (20.5 mmHg). These results indicated that the groups treated with ethanol extracts of G. Rhizoma showed to have lower blood pressure level compacred to the groups treated with whole powder or water extracts of G.Rhizoma in SHR fed with high-fat diet.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.928-931
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• 2002

To elucidate the toxic effect of oxygen free radicals on cultured mouse cerebral neurons damaged by hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)-induced neurotoxicity, we examined the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals by NR assay when cultured cerebral neurons were grown in the media containing various concentrations of H202 for 6 hours. In addition, neuroprotective effects of herb extracts such Rhizoma Gastrodiae(RG) on H202-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral neurons were evaluated after cultured cerebral neurons were preincubated with various concentrations of herb extract, RG for 2 hours before 50uM H₂O₂ for 6 hours. H₂O₂ decreased remarkably cell viability in dose-and time-dependent manner in these cultures, and also herb exract, RG decreased LDH activity of cerebral neurons damaged by H₂O₂. From the above results, it is suggested that H₂O₂ was toxic in cultured cerebral neurons from mouse, and RG was effective in blocking the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals in these cultures.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2015

In the previous experiments, we reported that ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, the dried tuber of Gastrodia ElataBlume (Orchidaceae) increased pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors. These experiments were undertaken to know whether 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBD), is one of the major compounds of Gastrodiae Rhizoma increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors and changes sleep architectures via activating GABA_A-ergic systems in rodents. 4-HBD decreased locomotor activity in mice. 4-HBD increased total sleep time, and decreased of sleep onset by pentobarbital (28 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). 4-HBD showed synergistic effects with muscimol (a GABA_A receptor agonist), shortening sleep onset and enhancing sleep time on pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors. On the other hand, 4-HBD (200 mg/kg, p.o.) itself significantly inhibited the counts of sleepwake cycles, and prolonged total sleep time and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) in rats. Moreover, 4-HBD increased intracellular Cl⁻ levels in the primary cultured cerebellar cells. The protein levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA_A receptors subunits were over-expressed by 4-HBD. Consequently, these results demonstrate that 4-HBD increased NREM sleep as well as sleeping behaviors via the activation of GABA_A-ergic systems in rodents.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.49-54
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• 2015

Objectives : This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of Gastodia Rhizoma-gamibang (GG) water extracts against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : The animals were divided into five different groups with six animals per each group. The normal group (Nor) was administered with saline, while the control group (Con) was administered with saline after scopolamine treatment. The experimental group (Exp) was administered orally GG extracts at doses of 200 mg/kg (GG1 group), 400 mg/kg (GG2 group), 1000 mg/kg (GG5 group) for 30 day after scopolamine treatment. Results : From a light microscopy study, the nuclei of neurons and glial cells in the hippocampus were more shrunken or condensed in the 30 day control group compared with normal group. In the experimental groups, proportional to the dose, recovered from neurotoxicity induced by scopolamine. The control group, the density of hippocampal neurons were reduced 17-20% compared to normal group. The densities of neurons from the CA1, and CA3 area of the hippocampus in the GG1, GG2 and GG5 groups significantly increased compared with the Con. In the experimental group, neuronal cells are recovered from scopolamine-induced damage. A number of glial cells are observed increase from GG2 and GG5 groups. The PAS-positive materials in the tissues hippocampus), was lower in the Exp than the Con. Conclusions : The present study demonstrates that Gastodia Rhizoma-gamibang extract reduces neuronal damage in the hippocampus of scopolamin-induced impairment mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.720-725
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• 2003

Effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on serum lipids and body fat in rats fed high-fat diet supplemented with 10% (w/w) lard during 11-week experimental period were investigated. Ninety-six male rats were randomly divided into eight groups: A, negative control (lard 10%); B, positive control (lard 10%+rat chow+5 brix water extract); C, lard 10%+1% G. Rhizoma powder; D, lard 10%+5% G. Rhizoma powder; E, lard 10%+2 brix 50% ethanol extract; F, lard 10%+10 brix 50% ethanol extract; G, lard 10%+2 brix water extract; H, lard 10%+10 brix water extract. Body weight gain, although slightly higher in groups A, B, and G, did not differ significantly among dietary groups. Weights of liver, spleen, kidney, and testis were significantly higher among dietary groups. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were markedly higher in both control groups than group H (p<0.05). Serum HDL concentration was significantly higher in group E, and lower in group A (p<0.05). Serum LDL+VLDL concentration was significantly lower in groups E, G, and H (p<0.05). Serum testosterone level was slightly higher in groups E, D, and H. Blood glucose level was significantly higher in groups B and G, whereas lower in group H (p<0.05). Epididymal fat pad (EFP) was markedly higher in control groups than G. Rhizoma diet-fed groups (p<0.05). The results indicated that decrease in serum lipids (TC, TG, LDL+VLDL) and body fat, and increase in serum HDL and testosterone levels were higher in groups E and H extracts than groups fed G. Rhizoma powder.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out in order to examine the effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma(GR) ethanol extract on neuronal apoptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)-induced rats. Methods: ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type VII in Sprague-Dawley rats. GR was orally given once a day for 3 days after ICH. Histological changes of the peri-hematoma regions were observed by cresyl vioIet staining. Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), B-cell blastoma 2(BcI-2) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) expressions in the affected regions were performed by immunohistochemistry. Results: 1. GR reduced apoptotic bodies and swelling neurons in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 2. GR significantly reduced TUNEL positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 3. GR significantly reduced Bax positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 4. GR did not influence Bcl-2 expression in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that GR has neuroprotective effects against ICH-induced apoptosis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2016

This study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Gastrodiae rhizoma and steamed, dried & fermented Gastrodiae rhizoma on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury in the mice model. Sample was selected to GR0F0 (not processed gastrodia rhizome) and GR6F4 (fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae before steamed and dried 6 times) based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and High-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups - Normal group, vehicle group (LPS treated), GR0F0 group (fed GR0F0 before LPS treated) and GR6F4 group (fed GR6F4 before LPS treated) with 6 mice in each group. GR0F0 group and GR6F4 group were fed each extract 200 mg/kg/day during 8 days. LPS 20 mg/kg injected to the experimental groups as abdominal injection. We measured aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino-transferase in serum. GR0F0 and GR6F4 showed a significant decrease compared to the vehicle group. As a result of measuring the ROS, GR6F4 group showed a significant reduction in both the serum and liver tissues compared to the vehicle group. GR0F0 group showed a significant reduction only in the liver tissues. Activator protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and Inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly decreased GR0F0 group and GR6F4 group. But tumor necrosis factor alpha only showed a significant reduction in GR6F4 group. GR0F0 and GR6F4 groups against liver damage in mice with LPS. That showed significant effects on anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action. The effects of GR6F4 group showed superior results compared to GR0F0 group. Therefore, Steamed, dried & fermented Gastrodia rhizoma was might have a protective effect on liver injury.

• The Journal of Korean Oriental Chronic Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2005

Patients with cerebellar infarction often complain of many symptom-vertigo, gait disturbance, nausea, vomiting. Especially, Vertigo is the main symptom, and patients cannot achieve normal activity in daily life. When we prescribed Banhabakchulchunma-tang and Gastrodiae Rhizoma extract to a 61year-old female stroke patient with vertigo, we could observe that the symptom was improved rapidly after treatment. Therefore we suggest that Banhabakchulchunma-tang which increase Chunma in quantity is very useful for vertigo after stroke. Further case studies of herbal treatment of this ailment are needed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2010

We investigated the effect of Chun ma (Gastrodiae rhizoma) concentrated extract on the quality of mixed beverages. Chun ma beverages prepared using different concentrated extracts were divided into four groups: GCE 5 ($5^{\circ}$ Brix concentrated extracts) GCE 10 ($10^{\circ}$ Brix concentrated extracts) GCE 15 ($15^{\circ}$ Brix concentrated extracts) and GCE 20 ($20^{\circ}$ Brix concentrated extracts). The pH values ranged from a low of 4.37 in GCE 5 to a high of 4.68 in GCE 20. Soluble solid levels in GCE 20 ($19.6^{\circ}$ Brix) were higher than in the other samples. The b (yellowness) scores and the total phenolic contents of all samples increased with increasing extract concentration. The highest total phenolic contents were seen in GCE 20 samples at 232.23 mg%. Samples did not differ markedly in antiradical activity (75.07-76.00% DPPH inhibition). Free sugar levels in GCE 20 samples and organic acid concentrations of GCE 15 samples were higher than those of other preparations. Free amino acid and mineral contents of all samples increased with increasing extract concentration. The levels of free amino acids were in the order Glu > Gly > Ser > Arg > Hylys, and the Glu content was 249.15 ug/100 g for GCE-20 samples and 61 ug/100 g in GCE-5 products. The mineral contents of all samples were in the order K > Na > Mg > Ca. Higher scores for color, flavor, and overall acceptability were found in GCE 5 products compared with other extracts. These results indicate that Chun ma beverage can be prepared in various ways, as commercially desired, with reference to the above characteristics of Chun ma materials.