• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2023

Silicone tetrachloride (SiCl₄) leak accidents cause enormous human and environmental damage because it is highly toxic. Some handling facilities use water curtains to reduce the impact range of SiCl₄. Although the water curtain is known as one of the most efficient technologies for post-release mitigation, its effect on reducing SiCl₄ concentration needs to be investigated scientifically and quantitatively. In this study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the physical and chemical effects of water curtains as a release-mitigation system for SiCl₄. SiCl₄ is released and dispersed five seconds prior to the operation of the water curtain. Once the water curtain works, the SiCl₄ reacts chemically with the water and its concentration decreases rapidly; it reaches an emergency response planning guidelines level 2 (ERPG-2) of 5 parts per million (ppm) at about 570 m. We observed, however, that the physical effect of water curtains on reducing SiCl₄ concentration is insignificant when the chemical effect is eliminated. These results are crucial since they can be a scientific and quantitative basis for the 'technical guidelines for estimating the accident affected range'. In order to protect the public from chemical accidents, more toxic gas mitigation technologies need to be developed.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2001

가정에서 일어나는 가장 일반적인 사고 중의 하나는 실내 가연성 가스누출에 의한 폭발 사고이다. 이러한 폭발 사고현장의 분석에 의하면 경우에 따라서 누출가스가 실내를 완전히 연소 하한계의 농도로 채올 수 있는 양보다 매우 작은 가연성 가스 양에 의하여 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 폭발이 일어날 수 있는 최소한의 가스 양은 실내 누출된 가스농도의 불균일한 정도에 의존하게 된다. 일반적으로 메탄과 같은 공기보다 가벼운 가스는 천장에서 축적되는 경향이 있고, 프로판의 경우에는 바닥에 축적되는 경향이 있다 본 논문에서는 매우 작은 양의 가스 누출에서 폭발 위험성 분석을 위한 가우스분포폭발 모델을 제시하였다. 이 모델은 연소한계농도에 기초를 두고, 특정 폭발 압력이 나타날 수 있는 최소한의 가스 누출량을 예측하는데 사용할 수 있다. 가우스모델을 이용하여 분석하면, 가정집에서 누출된 가스의 부피가 실내 부피에 비하여 $0.5\%$ 이하에서도 건물이 붕괴되는 폭발사고가 일어날 수 있다. 본 모델은 가스안전기기 개발을 위한 가스폭발 위험성 분석과 가정집에서 폭발사고 원인조사에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2011

이 연구는 안전관련 민간기관을 연구범위로 하여 산재 감소와 사고예방을 위한 민간기관의 활성화 방안을 도출하기 위하여 민간기관의 운영현황과 민간기관 운영실태를 조사 정리하였다. 그 결과를 토대로 민간기관에 대한 정의, 역할과 활동, 인식을 조사하고 분석하여 산재 예방 감소를 위한 민간기관의 활성화 방안을 제시 하였다. 따라서 산재 예방과 감소를 위해 안전관련 민간기관의 역량, 전문성, 신뢰성 향상과 정부기관, 공공기관, 안전 민간기관 간의 실질적 사고 예방을 위한 역할 정립에 이정표가 될 것으로 기대되며 산재예방사업 시장의 활성화와 사고예방 정책의 수립에 활용 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2010

본 논문은 철도를 통해 운송되는 프로필렌의 사고위험을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 프로필렌의 수송 경로에 따라 사고 시 피해 위험이 높을 것으로 예상되는 지역인 익산역, 순천역, 전주역으로 대상지역을 선정하였다. 프로필렌의 운송 중 일어날 수 있는 사고유형을 고려한 후 ETA(Event Tree Analysis)를 이용하여 사고시나리오 및 발생빈도를 도출하였고, PHAST 6.53(Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool)을 이용하여 사고피해예측 평가 실시하여 주변에 미치는 피해정도를 산정함으로써 개인적.사회적 위험성정도를 제시하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.90-98
• /
• 1998

미래의 화재 사고에 대한 구체적인 대응과 사고를 줄이기 위하여 국내외 사고사례의 집적과 체계적인 자료 분류가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 화재 사고사례 분류 모델을 제시하고 미국 NFPA의 분류 모델과 일본의 모델을 비교하여 향후 개선 방향을 제시하였다. 또한 PC의 Windows 환경에서 운영될 수 있는 사고사례에 관한 데이터베이스 프로그램(FADBS)을 개발하여 사고사례 분석을 쉽고 효과적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.22-33
• /
• 2023

The number of fire and explosion accidents caused by pyrolysis oil and gas at waste plastic pyrolysis plants is increasing, but accident status and safety conditions have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the risks of the waste plastic pyrolysis process and suggest appropriate safety management measures. We collected information on 19 cases of fire and explosion accidents that occurred between 2010 and 2021 at 26 waste plastic pyrolysis plants using the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) database and media reports. The mechanical, managerial, personnel-related, and environmental problems within a plant and problems related to government agencies and the design, manufacturing, and installation companies involved with pyrolysis equipment were analyzed using the 4Ms of Machines, Management, Man, and Media, as well as the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) methodology for seven accident cases with accident investigation reports. Study findings indicate the need for establishing legal and institutional support measures for waste plastic pyrolysis plants in order to prevent fire and explosion accidents in the pyrolysis process. In addition, ensuring safety from the design and manufacturing stages of facilities is essential, as are measures that ensure systematic operations after the installation of safety devices.

• 한국산업안전학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국안전학회 1998년도 춘계 학술논문발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.277-284
• /
• 1998

LPG refueling include a lot of risk done by human beings, dealing with highly combustible gas, so, during the refueling, the leakage initiated by human errors can result in a catastrophic accident. Therefore, this research tried to show what kind of tasks would include the high probability of the human errors and what should be considered for effective safety management in the LPG refueling. At first, 4 typical cases were taken through surveying various accident cases, and then a prototype of the refueling task was presented. And each task was analysed by FTA and ETA. The results showed that overpressure occupies 64.64% of the major reasons for gas leakage, and its probability was approximately 6.62E-06. Among the tasks, gas leakage resulted from mal-assembly of lorry hoses had the highest rate, and human errors related to opening and closing valves of pipe lines were most frequent. Also, the effects of confirming tasks were analyzed quantitatively.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2007

This paper analyses the effect of parameters on the consequences of the unconfined vapor cloud explosion accident (UVCE) by the release of heavy gas (xylene vapor). Simulation results showed that the overpresure was increased with the increase of the release hole diameter and with the decrease of the interested distance and the wind speed. While, the overpresure was not nearly affected by the release height, weather and environmental conditions. From the results of the consequence analysis and analysis of affecting the consequences of UVCE, the emergency plan should be established taking into account these parameters.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2018

Defects in piping caused by corrosion or external impact of underground piping can lead to high risk of rupture of the piping due to high pressure. Flammable gas can be immediately ignited when discharged from piping, causing a jetfire. The damage of the radiant heat not only threatens the health of the workers who work in the industry but also the health of the people living in the neighboring residential areas. It is important to prevent and prepare before an accident occurs. In this study, three types of flammable gas underground piping accident scenarios were investigated, and the ranges of influence were determined using Phast ver7.2. and finally regression models were formulated to predict the ranges using excel and Matlab.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제56권6호
• /
• pp.811-818
• /
• 2018

A fire and explosion accident caused by a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) welding and cutting torch gas leak occurred 10 m underground at the site of reinforcement work for bridge columns, killing four people and seriously injuring ten. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the accident to identify the fundamental causes of the explosion by analyzing the structure of the construction site and the properties of propane, which was the main component of LPG welding and cutting work used at the site. The range between the lower and upper explosion limits of leaking LPG for welding and cutting work was examined using Le Chatelier's formula; the behavior of LPG concentration change, which included dispersion and concentration change, was analyzed using the fire dynamic simulator (FDS). We concluded that the primary cause of the accident was combustible LPG that leaked from a welding and cutting torch and formed a explosion range between the lower and upper limits. When the LPG contacted the flame of the welding and cutting torch, LPG explosion occurred. The LPG explosion power calculation was verified by the blast effect computation program developed by the Department of Defense Explosive Safety Board (DDESB). According to the fire simulation results, we concluded that the welding and cutting torch LPG leak caused the gas explosion. This study is useful for safety management to prevent accidents caused by LPG welding and cutting work at construction sites.