• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.5-9
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• 2004

Garlic industries in Korea faced with a increasing difficulty because of the pressure of garlic importation from China is ever increasing than before. Therefore this study was conducted to produce low-cost garlics by mechanized cultivation and the results are as follows. A. By applying machinery(stem cutter and size separator, seeder, harvester) the labor was saved over 70% compare with the conventional cultivation B. Growth characteristics and yield showed no difference in mechanized and conventional cultivation of northern-type garlic. C. When scales were sown by seeder, the sowing-depth varied between 3 to 6cm and the rate of 2-plants emergence in one hole was 14.5%.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.762-769
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• 2010

The composition of minerals and amino acids in Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum tissues collected from different habitats in Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambeak of the Korean Peninsula is investigated. The mineral composition of A. victorialis stem was high compared to that of bulb in all population samples. The most abundant mineral found in all the samples was potassium (K). The mineral composition was variable in garlic population of Ulleung Island in a habitat dependent manner. The A. victorialis stems and bulbs showed significant differences in their amino acid compositions according to varying habitats of Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambeak. Among the amino acids the most abundant amino acid in A. victorialis bulb tissue was arginine, followed by leucine and valine. The amino acids leucine, valine, and phenylalanine were abundant in stem tissues. The total amino acids of the A. victorialis stem tissue from Teawha pass peak sample (837 mg/100 g dry wt) were higher than the mean of other population samples (355-824 mg/100 g dry wt). However, content of amino acids in the bulb was high in A. victorialis from Nari basin (1,919 mg/100 g dry wt).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.625-633
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• 1996

파속 식물체 내에 있는 활성물질을 추출 분리하여 생물검정하고, 이들 작물의 경엽을 직접 pot에 시용하여 벼를 재배하였을 때 생육 및 수량 구성 요소에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 유묘의 발근 및 생육을 촉진시키는 물질은 마늘의 염기성 분획과 대파, 양파, 부추 및 마늘의 약산성 분획에서 공통적으로 억제 물질보다 촉진물질의 활성이 높았으며 억제물질은 그 외 분획에서 활성이 높았다. 제 2엽초의 신장촉진 혹은 억제 물질은 공시한 파속 식물에는 내재하지 않았다. 2. 이앙 후 벼 유묘의 고사률은 이앙 당일에 비해 이앙 10일 전에 경엽을 시용한 처리가 높았고 특히 대파와 양파에 비해 부추와 마늘 시용구에서 높았다. 이앙 10일 전 동엽시용은 유효분얼수를 현저히 촉진시켰으며 특히 대파의 50g에서 400g까지, 양파의 50g에서 200g까지는 이삭입수의 증가도 나타나 표준시비구에 비해 수량 증가효과를 가져왔다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

The cultivation of agricultural crops results in the generation of agricultural byproducts. Researchers have reported that these materials can be useful in a variety of applications. However, over 50% of them are currently discarded because of the lack of specific technologies in industrial applications. Therefore, effective and specific applications must be developed in order to manufacture high-quality materials using discarded lignocellulosic resources. In this study, we determined the possibility of using kraft pulp from major agricultural byproducts as a raw material for the manufacture of paperboard. Rice husks, peanut husks, and garlic stems were obtained and used to prepare many kinds of kraft pulps by controlling the active alkali, sulfidity, reaction time, and liquor ratio. After the production of these kraft pulps, handsheets were manufactured by mixing them with KOCC. After preconditioning, the physical properties and strengths of the handsheets were measured according to the TAPPI test methods. The shapes, lengths, and widths of the pulp fibers varied according to the type of agricultural byproduct and the kraft pulping conditions. Rice husk and garlic stem pulps manufactured under mild pulping conditions resulted in handsheets of higher bulk than other pulps. Garlic stem pulps manufactured under mild pulping conditions were stronger than rice husk pulps and peanut husk pulps.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2015

In this research, we surveyed the yield change of garlic cultivation with seed bulbs according to annual field culture after induced meristem culture. From 2007 to 2013, yearly produced seed bulbs from $2^{nd}$ to $8^{th}$ generation were cultivated in the Muan field. Over the generations, the general growth characteristics such as the plant height, leaf number, leaf length and stem diameter were all decreased. When we compared the conventional seed bulbs and TCR ones, the plant height and stem diameter showed bigger difference. And the TCR seed bulbs showed a week late harvest time against the conventional ones. The yield of $2^{nd}$ generation was 72.3 g and 57.1 g for the $8^{th}$ generation. However every generation showed higher yield than conventional seed garlic's ones as 43.9 g. The yield index showed the same trend as $2^{nd}-8^{th}$ to 63% to 21%. After the tissue culture of garlics, the viral infections (OYDV and GSV) of TCR was far less than that of conventional ones. In case of LYSV, the infection ratio was 6.7% at $2^{nd}$ generation and 26% at $8^{th}$. However, the ratio was far less than that (80%) of the conventional ones.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2009

To improve the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs) under general cell culture conditions(20% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2$), we examined the effect of s-allylcysteine(SAC), which is known as an antioxidant and the main component of aged-garlic extract, on hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular stress in hMSCs. We found that SAC blocked hydrogen peroxideinduced cell death and cellular apoptosis, but that SAC did not improve the growth of hMSCs during short-term culture. To evaluate the protective effect of SAC, we examined the endogenous expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase(Gpx) in hMSCs. Hydrogen peroxide was found to downregulate the expression of CAT, SOD, and Gpx at the protein level. However, in the pre-treatment group of SAC, SAC inhibited the hydrogen peroxide-induced down-regulation of CAT, SOD, and Gpx. Unfortunately, treatment with SAC alone did not induce the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and the cell proliferation of hMSCs. Surprisingly, SAC improved cell growth in a single cell level culture of hMSCs. These results indicate that SAC may be involved in the preservation of the self-renewal capacity of hMSCs. Taken together, SAC improves the proliferation of hMSCs via inhibition of oxidative-stress-induced cell apoptosis through regulation of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, SAC may be an indispensable component in an in vitro culture system of human MSCs for maintaining self-renewal and multipotent characterization of human MSCs.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.457-463
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the knowledge and the use of Korea traditional basic side dishes, Jangachies, by housewives. Among the 58 kinds Jangachies, the most well-known Jangachies (above 80% of subjects) turned out to be Perilla leaf, Red pepper leaf, Garlic, Young stem of garlic, Green red leaf, Cucumber and dried Radish Jangachi in the order. In cooking experience of Jangachi, 40% of subjects in Perilla leaf, 28.0% in Green red pepper, 24.8% in Garlic and 24.1% in Red pepper leaf Jangachi have cooked frequently. The proportion of subjests who has bought the marketed Jangachi products were 51.6%. Major problem of that products was pointed out for a sanitary condition, high price and poor taste. If marketed Jangachies were improved over the aspects, the proportion of subjects who would buy the products was 76.2%. The frequency of Jangachi intake was very low on a average due to too salty taste and the difficulty in preparation. The older in age, the more in interest level for Jangachi (p<0.05). 39.6% of subject have had preparation ability of Jangachies. With increasing age (p<0.01), decreasing education level (p<0.01) and those who live in rural area (p<0.05), preparation ability of Jangachi tended to be higher.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2014

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common brain malignancies and has a very poor prognosis. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) in GBM and the rare CSC subpopulation that is resistant to chemotherapy may be responsible for the treatment failure and unfavorable prognosis of GBM. A garlic-derived compound, Z-ajoene, has shown a range of biological activities, including anti-proliferative effects on several cancers. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that Z-ajoene specifically inhibits the growth of the GBM CSC population. CSC sphere-forming inhibition was achieved at a concentration that did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect in regular cell culture conditions. The specificity of this inhibitory effect on the CSC population was confirmed by detecting CSC cell surface marker CD133 expression and biochemical marker ALDH activity. In addition, stem cell-related mRNA profiling and real-time PCR revealed the differential expression of CSC-specific genes, including Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, upon treatment with Z-ajoene. A proteomic approach, i.e., reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) and Western blot analysis, showed decreased SMAD4, p-AKT, 14.3.3 and FOXO3A expression. The protein interaction map (http://string-db.org/) of the identified molecules suggested that the AKT, ERK/p38 and $TGF{\beta}$ signaling pathways are key mediators of Z-ajoene's action, which affects the transcriptional network that includes FOXO3A. These biological and bioinformatic analyses collectively demonstrate that Z-ajoene is a potential candidate for the treatment of GBM by specifically targeting GBM CSCs. We also show how this systemic approach strengthens the identification of new therapeutic agents that target CSCs.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2006

토양에 비료 형태로 투여한 셀레늄 농도와 처리기간이 마늘의 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 셀레늄의 농도가 높고 처리기간이 길수록 생체중은 대조구에 비하여 감소하였다. 셀레늄의 처리농도가 높고 처리기간이 길수록 3주 후 셀레늄의 함량은 구보다는 엽초에 많이 축적되었다 그러나 처리 6주 후에는 구>엽초>뿌리 순으로 셀레늄의 함량이 높았다. 셀레늄 처리 후 토양에 잔류하고 있는 셀레늄의 함량은 대조구와 차이가 없었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1425-1432
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• 2010

식물체의 부위별 및 추출용매에 따른 생리활성을 비교하고자 하고초를 뿌리, 줄기 및 꽃대로 구분하고 에탄올, 메탄올 및 물 추출물에 대한 항산화 및 항균 활성을 비교 분석하였다. 추출 수율은 뿌리 추출물이 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, 물 추출물은 에탄올 및 메탄올 추출물에 비해 6~11배의 높은 수율을 나타내었다. 총 페놀화합물 함량은 에탄올 추출물에서는 줄기에서, 메탄올과 물 추출물에서는 꽃대에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 뿌리에 비해 줄기와 꽃대에서 전반적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 각 추출물의 전자공여능 및 환원력은 모든 실험군에서 농도 의존적으로 증가하였고, 용매별 추출물에서는 메탄올 추출물의 활성이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 부위별 추출물에서는 꽃대> 줄기> 뿌리의 순으로 높은 전자공여능 및 환원력을 보였다. 또한 메탄올 추출물과 물 추출물의 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 $100\;{\mu}g/mL$의 저농도에서도 꽃대, 줄기 및 뿌리에서 모두 50% 이상의 소거능을 보였다. 하고초 각 부위별 추출물의 항균활성을 측정한 결과 꽃대, 줄기 및 뿌리간의 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 열수 추출물에 비해 에탄올 및 메탄올 추출물에서 다소 높은 항균활성이 관찰되었는데, 특히 뿌리와 줄기의 $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서는 유의적으로 높은 항균활성이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 하고초의 꽃대를 이용한 에탄올 및 메탄올 추출물은 식품의 저장성 향상에 이용가치가 높을 것으로 기대된다.