• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.294-300
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• 2005

The effect of hairy vetch sod culture on reduction of soil loss and providing of nitrogen was investigated for the fields of Chinese cabbage in Hoenggye-Ri, Pyeongchang-Gun Gangwon-Do (780 m above sea level) from 2002 to 2003. Hairy vetch was sowed at just before planting, 15, 30 and 40 days after planting and right after harvest of Chinese cabbage. Hairy vetch was sod-cultivated with Chinese cabbage. The amount of sowing was $40kg\;10a^{-1}$. In this experiment, proper sowing times that had no influence on the yield of Chinese cabbage were 30 and 40 days after planting while other sowing times led to decrease the yield. In case of the former, there was 74% reduction effect of soil loss compared with no-hairy vetch because of covering the fields with hairy vetch right after harvest. Moreover, when the hairy vetch was put into the soil before planting of Chinese cabbage in the next year, it showed 61-79% substitution effect of standard application rate ($320kg\;ha^{-1}$, chemical fertilizer) for nitrogen fertilizer. It is suggested that using hairy vetch as cover crop would be useful in conservation of soil loss and reduction input of agricultural materials.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2014

We analyzed rutin content using mulberry genetic resources. They were grown under the same environment and conditions. Mulberry leaves were collected and then freeze-dried and powdered for rutin test. As a result, mean content of mulberry strains was $0.38{\pm}0.17%$, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 45.7%. The variation was greatly severe. Among the tested strains, 'Jangloe' was showed the highest content of 0.97%, whereas 'Sungsu 3' was showed the lowest content of 0.01% respectively. Finally we selected rutin high-containing 6 strains. They are as follows. 'Jangloe', 'Pumbo 6', 'Youjin', 'Kaeryangjeonjeon', 'Baekhak', and 'Pumbo 32' which are more than twice of the overall average content.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.431-436
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• 2006

This study was conducted in the summer of 2005 in Shindong-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do to assess the quality of drinking water and to evaluate their potential pollutants. Ninety four water samples were collected from three classes of water supplies such as simple piped water, supplied own water and others (Supplied local water). Most residents used simple piped water (72.63%). 31.25% residents thought the water quality was bad and landfill was the main source of pollution that affected water quality. To correspond this perception, water quality was measured according to Drinking Water Quality Standard. The general bacteria, coliforms, and $NO_3-N$ exceeded the standard but the water qualities in these four areas were suitable for Drinking Water Quality Standard. The simple piped water showed low mean concentration of excess rate compared to supplied own piped water except general bacteria. Hardness, pH, and $NO_3-N$ showed significantly higher effects on drinking water quality. To evaluate the effect of effluent from landfill, water quality was measured according to distance and altitude. However, there was no effect of landfill effluent. To find out the effect of rainfall, we compared water quality of the year 2003 with that of 2005. The result showed significant differences in hardness and $NO_3-N$ concentration. This study confirmed that $NO_3-N$, coliforms, and general bacteria are main pollutant of water supply in rural community. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly maintain simple piped water supply, supplement sewer facilities, and educate residents about public health risk associated with drinking water in rural area.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.749-757
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• 2016

This study was carried out to reveal the genetic population structure of the Jeju Island population and the phylogenetic relationship of East Asian populations of the large-footed bat (Myotis macrodactylus) based on the genetic polymorphisms of mitochondrial cytochrome B (CYTB) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene sequences. A total of fourteen and nine haplotypes were found in the CYTB and ND1 sequences from East Asian bats, respectively. Haplotype distribution showed locality specific patterns. The results from ND1 haplotype analysis showed that the Jeju Island population has four haplotypes: the Mt. Halla and Western subpopulations have three ND1 haplotypes, but the Eastern subpopulation has just a single haplotype Nd03, which is commonly found on this island. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree showed the closer relationship between Jeju Island and Japan rather than that between Jeju and Gangwon-do Province. The divergence time between the maternal ancestor lineages of Japanese and Chinese populations was estimated to be 0.789±0.063 MYBP. The secondary divergence between Jeju and Japanese bats was calculated about to be 0.168±0.013 MYBP. The Jeju population has immigrated to the island at least fifty thousand years ago. In addition, ND1 haplotype analysis suggested that the insular bats have experienced at least two further genetic differentiation events within this island. Consequently, these findings suggested that the results of this study may play a critical role in understanding the phylogenetic relationship among East Asian bat populations of M. macrodactylus. To prepare more explainable information on evolutionary correlation, analysis is still required to examine using expanded samples from China, Russia, and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.spc
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• pp.66-73
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• 2014

In order to determine whether vegetation would be one of the factors for the selection of otter home range, vegetation structure and other potential factors were studied in Hwacheon, Korea. Thirteen sites, otter's activity found and not found, were investigated in North Han River and connected tributary streams of Hwacheon-gun. Three types of vegetation were classified by cluster analysis, which is short grass, tall grass and shrub type. Vegetation zone of each channel is composed of either one type, or mosaic of tall grass and shrub type. Short grass type is common in Lake Paro and upper North Han-river where water level is highly variable throughout a year. Therefore, annual species such as Persicaria nodosa, Fimbristylis dichotomam and Chenopodium ficifolium are the most dominant. Shrub type is common at the downstream sites of Jichon stream and along mainstream of North Han River down Lake Paro. A shrub species, Salix koreensis, is the most common. Tall grass type is dominant occupying the most vegetation zone of the tributary channels. Phragmites japonica is absolutely dominant. Due to its dense cover, a few plant species are co-existed. Otter activity was found in all three vegetation types and no marked activity was found at some sites of tall grass type. There is no difference in species composition and physiognomy between tall grass sites with and without otter activity, while it shows significant difference in fish availability between two groups. Overall we found that home range of otters in the region is along the mainstream and downstream of tributary streams with high fish availability in all vegetation types and in various human activity levels.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2018

We previously monitored nervous necrosis virus (NNV) in brain samples of artificially produced walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) seedlings, with a low prevalence (1.8%, 1/55) but no clinical symptoms. Given that this virus is considered one of the most serious viral threats for almost all marine aquaculture fish species and characterized by both vertical and horizontal transmission, it would be interesting to monitor NNV in the fertilized eggs as well. We collected fertilized walleye pollock eggs from the farms located in Goseong during January to March, 2017. Approximately 50 mg of eggs were periodically taken from 4 each different batches, and 37 different pooled sample sets in total were made during sampling period. RNA was extracted from the eggs by using Trizol and cDNA was synthesized for RT-PCR for detecting NNV. Primers and PCR conditions are the same as previously described. As a result, NNV was not detected from any of the sample sets by one step PCR (0%, 0/37), suggesting NNV may not be a threat in walleye pollock aquaculture in Korea at present time. However, continuous monitoring for NNV should be conducted because introducing a new species into aquaculture industry involves potentials of disease outbreak and NNV is already known to cause outbreaks in gadoid fishes.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.684-693
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze fish communities in the Wonju stream located in Wonju-si in Gangwon-do, and to evaluate the health of the stream through past and present changes. We performed investigations four times from May 2015 to September 2016. In the survey, 5,201 individuals which belonged to 27 species and 9 families were collected. Zacco platypus was the dominant species and Pungtungia herziwas the subdominant species. Eight Korean endemic species (Acanthorhodeus gracilis, Zacco koreanus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Iksookimia koreensis, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Coreoperca herzi) were observed and showed a ratio of 16.54%. The fish community of dominance ($0.72{\pm}0.10$), diversity ($1.37{\pm}0.32$), evenness ($0.61{\pm}0.13$), and richness ($1.70{\pm}0.23$) were evaluated. According to our analysis of tolerance guilds, the total individual number of intermediate species was higher than the sensitive and tolerant species. As a result of the trophic guild analysis,the omnivore and insectivore species were relatively high. The value of the qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) in the wonju stream was averaged 121.2 (${\pm}23.4$), indicating a suboptimal condition. Stream health showed that the fish assessment index (FAI) value was an A to C grade in the Wonju stream. A correlation coefficient analysis with FAI and various factors was analysed statistically, and had a high correlation in QHEI, with the omnivore species, insectivore species, intermediate species, sensitive species, dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.3984-3993
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of participation in sport for all on leisure satisfaction, psychological wellbeing and subjective wellbeing in an attempt to make a contribution to the leisure satisfaction, psychological wellbeing and subjective wellbeing of people enjoying sport for all. The subjects in this study were 200 people who were selected by convenience sampling from a population of male and female adults who participated in sport for all in Gangwon Province. The statistical package SPSS 11.0 was employed to make a frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study were as follows: First, participation in sport for all had a statistically significant impact on leisure satisfaction. Those who more participated in sport for all expressed more satisfaction with their leisure life. Second, leisure satisfactionexerted a statistically significant influence on psychological wellbeing. Third, leisure satisfaction affected subjective wellbeing in a statistically significant way. The findings of the study indicated that the leisure satisfaction of those who participated in sport for all exercised a great physical and mental influence on themselves. Those who don't participate in sport for all should steadily be advised to do that, and the national and local governments should develop a wide variety of sport-for-all programs to let everybody lead a better life by enjoying sport for all.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2009

Localized unprecedented torrential rain and heavy rainfall cause repeated damages and make it difficult to detect and predict the landslide caused by heavy rainfall. To analyze the landslide characteristics of Inje area this study used satellite images photographed after the occurrence of landslide caused by the typhoon Ewiniar occurred in July, 2006, and for GIS analysis purpose, interpreted the satellite images (SPOT5) visually to digitize into developing parts, water traveling parts and sediment parts. For analysis of spatial characteristics, landslide areas obtained from visual interpretation of digital map, 3rd & 4th forest vegetation maps and detailed soil map and grids were overlaid and analyzed. As a result, in regard to topographic features, landslide occurred at places, of which average slope is $26.34^{\circ}$, had south, south-east, south-west aspects and average altitude of 627m. From hydrological analysis, it was found out that water traveling area rapidly spread approaching water traveling area and sediment area. From forest type analysis, it was found out that landslide occurrence was high in pine woods, and in terms of girth class attribute, landslide occurred in small-sized woods, in which the crown occupancy of trees that have the diameter at breast height, 6~16cm, was greater than 50%. From the analysis of soil series, landslide areas constitute 37.85% of OdF and 37.35% of SmF, which had sandy loam soil and excellent drainage capacity. Through this study, landslides in Inje area were characterized and SPOT5 images of 2.5m resolution could be used. But there was a difficulty in determining water traveling parts adjacent to urban area.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.101-115
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• 2013

11 alpine wetlands at the upper reaches of Bangtae River on a high flat summit around Mt. Jeombong were found. Two core samples(JB-1 and JB-2) among them were collected in order to reconstruct paleovegetation history and climate change using pollen analysis. Pinus and Quercus dominated at the wetland of JB-2 with a deep water depth were developed from 1,700 yr BP to 1,000 yr BP of the pollen zone I. Subsequently Quercus dominated in the pollen zone II from 1,000 to 400 yr BP, and it is supposed that warm weather prevailed with oak climax forest corresponding to the Medieval Warm Period. Moreover, sphagnum grew densely in the alpine wetlands and the wetlands were extended widely on the summit around Mt. Jeombong with the beginning of subzoneIIc at JB-2. The pollen zone III from 400 yr BP to the present with an increase in Pinus and a decrease in Quercus suggests cold climates under the Little Ice Age. Moreover, human disturbances at JB-2 were more significant than those at JB-1, based on the increase in Pinus.