• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.612-623
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate and review the trends in recent clinical studies of multiple system atrophy (MSA) in China. Methods: We searched for clinical studies discussing Oriental medicine-based treatments for MSA in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. The search focused on the authors; publication year; type of study; method and duration of treatment; evaluation criteria; and results of the selected articles. Results: Among the articles retrieved from the database, eight case series, two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and one non-randomized controlled trial (nRCT) were analyzed. Eight articles used acupuncture; ten used herbal medicine. The most frequently used acupoints were GV20, GV24, GB20, PC6, Hyeopcheok Acupoint, CV4, EX-HN3, and GV17. Jihwangeumja was the most commonly used herbal prescription. All 13 studies confirmed the efficacy of Oriental medicine treatments. Conclusions: More varied and scientifically designed clinical studies are required to develop treatments for MSA. The results of this study may provide guidance for further studies of MSA.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.234-237
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• 2011

Objective: During stimulated IVF cycles, up to 15% of oocytes are recovered as immature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of oocyte maturity in repeated ovarian stimulation for IVF. Methods: One hundred forty-eight patients were selected who underwent two consecutive IVF cycles using same stimulation protocol during 2008 to 2010. Ovarian stimulation was performed with FSH and human menopausal gonadotropin and flexible GnRH antagonist protocol in both cycles. Oocyte maturity was assessed according to presence of germinal vesicle (GV) and the first polar body. Immature oocyte was defined as GV stage or metaphase I oocyte (GV breakdown with no visible polar body) and cultured up to 48 hours. If matured, they were fertilized with ICSI. Results: Percentages of immature oocytes were 30.8% and 32.9% ($p$=0.466) and IVM rates of immature oocytes were 36.2% and 25.7% ($p$=0.077), respectively. A significant correlation was noted between percentage of immature oocytes in the two cycles (R=0.178, $p$=0.03). Women with >40% immaturity in both cycles (n=21) showed lower fertilization rate of $in$ $vivo$ matured oocytes (56.4% vs. 72.0%, $p$=0.005) and lower pregnancy rate (19.0% vs. 27.1%, $p$=0.454) after the second cycle when compared with women with <40% immaturity (n=70). In both groups, female age, number of total retrieved oocyte and embryos transferred were similar. Conclusion: In repeated ovarian stimulation cycles for IVF, the immature oocyte tended to be retrieved repetitively in consecutive IVF cycles.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of stimulation on different sites of the body on MBP(mean blood pressure) and HR(heart rate). Methods : Six healthy men have participated in this study. Before and after 10 min, exercise on a running machine of l0km/hr, acupressure, plain acupuncture and electroacupuncture(50Hz) stimulation was practiced on GV20, LI4, ST36, BL40 and non-acupoints on T4 and T10 respectively for 20 min. and in a control group without any treatment. The changes of MBP and HR after exercise have been observed for 20 min. at 5 minute intervals. Results : Compared with control, no significant difference was observed in research of the blood pressure measurement regardless of methods nor sites of stimulation. But there were trends of reduction in the heart rates in all experimental groups. Especially, in the group of acupressure on T10 before exercise, GV20, T10 after exercise and electroacupuncture on GV20, LI4, BL40 after exercise there was statistically significant decreases in heart rates. Conclusion : From the present experiment, it is concluded that somatic stimulation has effect on the heart rates but not on the blood pressures, and the presence of effective sites on the decreases of heart rates suggest that this effect may depend on sites of stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Objectives : Six command points are individual points that have strong and broad effects on their related part of the body, but there is a controversy about which acupoints are should be included in the six command points. This research was reviewed which acupoints are suitable for the construction of the six command points. Methods : We searched acupoints mentioned six command points in literatures, then investigated the effects of the acupoints to identify that they can be included in the six command points. And we deliberated which acupoints are suitable for the six command points. Results : Acupoints mentioned the six command points are LU7, LI4, ST36, BL40, PC6, TE6, GV26, ouch point, GB34 and SP6. Among the acupoints, LU7, LI4, ST36, BL40 and PC6 was included in the six command points in all of searched literatures. And GV26, ouch point, GB34 and SP6 were excluded because GV26 and ouch point were not fit the definition of the six command points, ST36 can be an alternative to SP6 based on their effects, and GB34 has a similar but little effect compared to TE6. Conclusions : Based on the definition of six command points and the effect of the acupoints, we suggest that the six command points should be composed of LU7, LI4, ST36, BL40, PC6 and TE6.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Objectives: The study aims to look into how the application of EA(Electro-acupuncture) in the initial step of ischemic brain injury affects the changes in Bax and Caspase-3 expression among forebrain apoptosis. Methods: It caused GI by using common carotid artery occlusion and conducted the test by dividing into the no applied EA group after 6 hours and 12 hours, the LI 4 EA group that applied EA to LI4, and GV 20 EA group that was applied to GV 20. After that, the following results were obtained by comparing Bax and Caspase-3 expression, which were apoptosis-related factors, with its application time through immunohistochemical staining after extracting brain of each group. Results: According to each group's Bax expression by the application time, the order of expression increase after 6 hours is shown to be the no applied EA group, LI 4 group, and GV 20 group. The stimulation after 12 hours was most lowly expressed in the GV 20 group, and the no applied EA group and LI 4 group showed similar level. Conclusions: EA stimulation in the initial step after ischemia seems to affect positively Bax and Caspase-3 expression that are index of forebrain apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2009

Background : Stroke occurrences are prevalent and require intensive care for its treatment and rehabilitation. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of it. Objectives : To establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of stroke based in literature research. Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, and $ll$舍岩鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$, and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of stroke. Result : 1. In $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, various types of treatment can be found. Besides acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion with moxa tube, and bath therapy using Duchesneae Indicae Herba and Sal was applied. Needling in sublingual and vocal region, and also points like GB20, GB31, LI15, BL60, GV20, GV20, TE4, GB39, LU5, ST36, GB30 were frequently inserted. 2. In $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, moxibustion treatment were in top priority. Points like GV20, LI15, LI11, GB31, ST36, GB39, LI4, GB20 pertinent to Governor, Conception, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, and Stomach meridian were most frequently needled. Selection of adjacent point was widely applied. 3. $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$ has some similarity compared to $ll$東醫寶鑑 Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$ in considering the moxa in top priority. But selected points far from the disease site. Main points were LI4, ST36, GB39, PC5, GV20, LI11, LR3, BL40, HT7. 4. $ll$校勘 舍岩道人鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$ having the same content orders with $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, it may had some influence from it. But the differences are also apparent. It emphasized in using mother-supplementing child-draining method, experiential prescriptions and visceral pattern identification. Conclusions : We could find various efficient methods through literature research of medical classics. This will not be limited in stroke alone but also will be applied in other diseases. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

We studied steroid metabolites produced from red-spotted grouper ovarian follicles during maturation. Oocytes with 350-500 ㎛ diameter were in vitro incubated in the presence of [³H] 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as a precursor. Steroid metabolites were extracted from incubated media and oocytes. The extracts were separated and identified using thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified metabolites were androstenedione (A₄), testosterone (T) and estrone (E₁). The metabolites of A₄ was dominant in all size of oocytes and it was the highest in 480 ㎛ diameter oocytes. The metabolites of two progestins, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 17α,20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one were detected in the oocytes less than 480 ㎛ diameter although they were not identified definitely. In the oocytes of 480 ㎛ diameter, metabolite of progestin was the highest, and germinal vesicle (GV) was still in the middle of cytoplasm. In the oocytes of 500 ㎛ diameter, GV was began to migrate and the major metabolites were A₄ and E₁. The metabolite of E₁ was detected in all size of oocytes and it was higher than that of E₂. These results suggest that oocytes of 480 ㎛ diameter are the transitional stage involving steroidogenic shift to final oocyte maturation and potential function of E₁ during maturation process.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect to the height-growth after the administration of herbal medicine to the prepuberty children Methods : This clinical study has been carried out with 18 children, who visited to the Department of Pediatrics, Dong-eui oriental medical center from January 2005 to August 2008. They had been treated for height-growth with herbal medicine more than 6 months. This study has been carried out by chart-review to see the effectiveness. Height percentile, BMI and GV(Growth Velocity) after medication was compared with the ones before medication. Results : 1. This clinical study has been carried out with 18 children, 12 boys(66.7%) and six girls(23.3%). Their average age was 10.30 years old. 2. Generally total children's average height percentile was increased compared to after medication. Especially eight of them has significantly increasd height percentile(44.4%). 3. Total children's average GV/6months was also increased after medication. Especially ten of them has significantly increasd GV/6months (55.6%). 4. Total children's average BMI also increased (17.01 to 17.85) after medication. Conclusions : Herbal medicine affects to the growth of pre-puberty children.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1991

In order to increase the pregnancy rate by means of cryopreservation of the excess oocytes in IVF-ET program, the survival rate of the frozen-thawed oocytes of mouse was examined according to the stages of maturation, cryoprotectants and their treatment. The results were summarized as follows. First, during the continuous treatment with cryoprotectant media, the survival rate of oocytes was higher in DMSO than in PROH, and higher at low temperature($4^{\circ}C$) than at room temperature($25^{\circ}C$). Second, as regard with the maturation of immature(GV-intact) oocytes after treatment with cryoprotectant media, the rate of maturation in DMSO-treated group(52%) was higher than in PROH-treated group(35%). Third, according to the treatment of cryoprotectant media, the survival rate of frozen-thawed oocytes in DMSO-treated group (45%) was higher than in PROH-treated group(29%), and that of oocytes in DMSO 4-step treated group was higher than any other groups. Finally, in the post-thaw oocytes frozen at various stage of maturation, the survival rate of immature oocytes with GV was the highest in all groups. These results suggest that in the cryopreservation of mouse oocytes, DMSO was better than PROH as cryoprotectant, in treatment of cryprotectant the multi-step treatment was better than single-step, and the post-thaw survival rate of oocytes was closely related to the maturity of oocytes. It is assumed that the highest survival rate of mouse oocytes with GV is due to the stability of the structures in nucleus and intracelluar organelles, and of physiological function.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.831-838
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• 2016

Objective: To describe the effectiveness of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) on a patient showing aggressive behavior after a traumatic brain injury. Methods: We used complex TKM treatments. The acupoints used were as follows: Soyangin Taegeuk acupuncture (HT3, KI3, and SP3) and acupoints frequently used in hemiparesis (GV20, GV24, ST4, LI11, LI4, ST36, GB34, SP9, and LR3). Moxibustion was also applied to GV20, and herbal medicine (Samulanshin-tang-gami, 四物安神湯 加味方) was administered. The efficacy was evaluated at baseline, week 8, and week 16 using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). Results: After 8 weeks, the total MOAS score was decreased from 13 to 5, and this score was maintained until week 16. The average sleep time was increased and waking up during the night was decreased. Conclusions: We suggest that TKM could be effective for reducing aggressive behavior and alleviating sleep disturbances. Further studies are needed.