• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1619-1624
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• 2005

원적외선 조사가 포도씨의 항산화능에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 10, 20, 30, 40 그리 고 60분 간격으로 원적외선 조사를 한 후, 각각의 물, 메탄올 그리고 70$\%$ 에탄올 추출물을 제조하여 총 페놀함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 측정하여 포도씨의 항산화능 변화를 측정하였다. 이들 측정 결과, 무처리구 각각의 추출물의 총 폐놀 함량 결과 0.95mM, 3.4mM그리고 3.28mM에 비해 원적외선 10분 조사구는 각각 1.84 mM,4.52 rnM 그리고 4.82 mM의 상당히 증가한 값을 나타내었다. 또, 라디칼 소거능의 경우, 무처리구의 추출물 33.87$\%$, 76.55$\%$ 그리고 60.89$\%$에 비해, 원적외선 10분 조사구는 각각 58.55$\%$, 89.41$\%$ 그리고 84.62$\%$를 나타내었다. GC/MS를 이용한 페놀 화합물의 성분 분석에서는 vanillic acid와 3,4-hydroxy benzoic acid 같은 저분자 페놀 화합물이 원적외선 처리에서 새로이 형성됨이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과는 원적외선 조사에 의해 포도씨에 존재하는 불활성화된 페놀성 화합물이 유리 활성화됨으로서 포도씨 추출물의 항산화능이 증가하였음을 시사한다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.891-897
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• 2017

사과는 에틸렌에 의해 호흡량이 일시적으로 상승하는 호흡급등형 과실이다. 에틸렌 발생은 세포벽분해효소 활성화와 세포벽 연화를 진행시켜 사과의 상품성과 저장성을 떨어뜨리는 원인이 된다. 사과의 에틸렌 생합성 과정에는 Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 유전자가 연관되어 있으며, 두 유전자는 과실의 에틸렌 발생량과 경도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 사과 국내육성 28품종의 Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 대립유전자형을 분석하고, 'Fuji(FJ)', 'RubyS(RS)', 'Hongro(HR)', 'Arisoo(AS)', 'Summer King(SK)', 'Greenball(GB)', 'Golden Supreme(GS)'을 대상으로 수확 후 25일까지의 에틸렌 발생량 및 상온저장($20^{\circ}C$) 20일 동안의 경도 연화율을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 낮은 에틸렌 발생량과 관련 된 대립유전자(favorable alleles0(FA)) ACS1-2, ACO1-1이 많을수록 에틸렌 발생량과 경도 연화율이 낮은 경향을 보였다. GS은 ACS1-1/1, ACO1-1/2(FA 1)으로 모든 품종 중 가장 높은 에틸렌 발생 수치와 경도 연화율를 보였다. SK와 GB은 ACS1-1/2, ACO1-1/2(FA 2)으로 ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/2(FA 3)인 HR와 AS 보다는 높고 GS 보다 낮은 에틸렌 발생량과 경도 연화율을 보였다. ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/1(FA 4)인 FJ는 RS를 제외한 모든 품종 중에 에틸렌 발생량과 경도 연화율이 가장 낮았다. 본 실험의 결과 Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 대립유전자형과 사과의 에틸렌 발생량 및 경도 연화율은 상관성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 분자표지를 사과 국내육성품종의 저장성 예측과 육종 효율 향상을 위한 Marker-assisted selection에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각 된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2184-2191
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• 2016

The time-consuming and high-cost preparation of soluble peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) currently limits their wide uses in monitoring antigen-specific T cells. The single-chain trimer (SCT) of peptide-${\beta}2m$-MHC class I heavy chain was developed as an alternative strategy, but its gene fusion is hindered in many cases owing to the incompatibility between the multiple restriction enzymes and the restriction endonuclease sites of plasmid vectors. In this study, overlap extension PCR and one-step cloning were adopted to overcome this restriction. The SCT gene of the $OVA_{257-264}$ peptide-$(GS_4)_3-{\beta}2m-(GS_4)_4-H-2K^b$ heavy chain was constructed and inserted into plasmid pET28a by overlap extension PCR and one-step cloning, without the requirement of restriction enzymes. The SCT protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and then purified and refolded. The resulting $H-2K^b/OVA_{257-264}$ complex showed the correct structural conformation and capability to bind with $OVA_{257-264}$-specific T-cell receptor. The overlap extension PCR and one-step cloning ensure the construction of single-chain MHC class I molecules associated with random epitopes, and will facilitate the preparation of soluble pMHC multimers.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

Soil seed banks as natural storage of plant seeds play an important role in the maintenance and regeneration of watershed. Natural regeneration potential of the soil seed bank of Land use types (LUTs) in Ogun River watershed (ORW) was investigated. ORW was stratified using proportionate sampling technique into Guinea Savannah (GS), Rainforest (RF) and Swamp Forest (SF) Ecological Zones (EZs). Three LUTs: Natural Forest (NF), Disturbed Forest (DF) and Farmland (FL) were purposively selected in GS: GSNF, GSDF, GSFL; RF: RFNF, RFDF, RFFL and SF: SFNF, SFDF, SFFL, respectively. Systematic line transects was used in the laying of the sample plots. Sample plots of 25 m×25 m were established in alternate positions. Ten 1 m×1 m quadrats were randomly laid for soil core sampling from previously randomly selected ten plots. The core samples (10) were pooled per plot in each LUT and placed in individual trays. Ten trays with sterilized soil were used as control. The trays were watered regularly and checked for seedlings emergence fortnightly for 18 months. The experimental design used was 3×3 factorial experiments. ANOVA, Diversity index (H') and Similarity index (SI) were used to analyze the data. There was significant difference in seedling emergence among ecological zones and land use types (p<0.05). A total of 4,400 seedlings emerged from the soil samples. All species were distributed among 32 families. FL in the RF had the highest number of germinated seeds (705±37.33 seedlings) followed by DF in the RF (701±49.6 seedlings). The lowest emergence was in NF of the SF (199±28.41 seedlings). DF in the RF had highest number of species (34) distributed among 22 families. Emergence from soil seed bank of NF in ORW was generally with more of tree species than herbs that were predominant in FL and DF.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.28-28
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• 2015

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae induces severe losses of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. To control clubroot of Chinese cabbage, many CR (clubroot resistance) F1 hybrid cultivars have been bred and released in Korea, China and Japan. In this study, we determined the race of P. brassicae 12 field isolates, which collected from 10 regions in Korea, using Williams' differential varieties including two cabbage ('Jersey Queen', 'Badger Shipper') and two rutabaga ('Laurentian', 'Whilhelmsburger'). By Williams' differential varieties, 12 clubroot pathogens were assigned into one (GN2), two (HS and YC), two (HN1 and HN2), three (DJ, KS and SS) and four (GS, GN1, JS and PC) isolates for races 1, 2, 4, 5 and 9, respectively. In addition, the degree of resistance of 45 CR cultivars that were from Korea, China and Japan was tested with the 12 isolates. The 45 CR cultivars of Chinese cabbage were differentiated into three genotypes according to their resistance responses. Even though the 12 P. brassicae isolates were same race by Williams' differential varieties, three CR genotypes showed different resistance response to the isolates. These results indicate that races of P. brassicae by Williams' differentials were not related with resistance of CR cultivars, and three CR genotypes represented qualitative resistance to the P. brassicae isolates. CR genotype I including 'CR-Cheongrok' showed resistance to GN1, GN2, JS, GS, HS, DJ and KS isolates and susceptibility to YC, PC, HN1, HN2 and SS isolates. And CR genotype II such as 'Hangkunjongbyungdaebaekchae' was resistant to GN1, GN2, JS, GS, HS, YC, PC and HN1 and susceptible to DJ, KS, SS and HN2. CR genotype III including 'Chunhajangkun' and 'Akimeki' represented resistance to 10 isolates except for SS and HN2 isolates. Based on these results, we selected 'CR-Cheongrok', 'Hangkunjongbyungdaebaekchae', and 'Chunhajangkun' as a representative cultivar of three CR genotypes and 'Norangkimjang' as a susceptible cultivar. Furthermore, we investigated the resistance of 15 lines of Chinese cabbage, which were provided by seed companies, to 11 isolates except for HN1 of P. brassicae. The results showed that three lines were susceptible to all the tested isolates, whereas five, four, and three lines represented the similar responses corresponding to the CR genotypes I, II, and III, respectively; there is no line of Chinese cabbage showing different resistance patterns compared to three CR genotypes. In particular, line 'SS001' showing resistance responses of CR genotype II was a parent of 'Saerona' that have been commercialized as a CR $F_1$ cultivar of Chinese cabbage. Together, we divided 12 isolates of P. brassicae into 4 races, designated by wild type, mutant type 1, mutant type 2, and mutant type 3. Wild type including GN1, GN2, JS, GS, and HS isolates of P. brassicae was not able to infect all the cultivars of three CR genotypes, whereas, mutant type 3 such as SS and HN2 isolates developed severe clubroot disease on all the CR genotype cultivars. To mutant type 1 including DJ and KS isolates, CR genotypes I, II and III were resistant, susceptible and resistant, respectively. In contrast, to mutant type 2 including YC, PS, and HN1 isolates, CR genotypes I, II and III showed susceptibility, resistance and resistance, respectively. Taken together, our results provide the extended knowledge of classification of P. brassicae races, which is useful information for the breeding of resistant crops, with a suggestion that 'Norangkimjang', 'CR-Cheongrok', 'Saerona' and 'Chunhajangkun' cultivars of Chinese cabbage could be used as new race differentials of P. brassicae for clubroot disease assay.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2005

To investigate the application of biochemical markers' and small-sample methods using whole-wheat flours for screening in early generation in Korean wheat breeding system, 74 Korean wheats, including cultivars, local breeding lines and experimental lines, were analyzed. Seed storage protein and amylose contents of grains were evaluated. Biochemical makers, including granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), high molecular weigh glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and friabilin were also evaluated by using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla-mide gel electrophoresis with a single kernel. The small­sample methods, including modified SDS-sedimentation test (MST), micro-alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) and whole-wheat flour swelling volume (WSV) were also tested in this study. Protein content, MST and AWRC was $11.0 - 15.8\%$, 2.7 - 26.2 ml and $71.9 - 109.7\%$, respectively. Apparent and total amylose content and WSV was $20.6 - 25.0\%$, $26.1 - 32.4\%$ and 9.0 - 16.9 ml, respectively. There were highly significant correlations between MST and AWRC (r=0.592, P<0.001), but Korean wheats showed no significant difference in protein content, amylose content and small-sample methods. In the biochemical markers, Korean wheats contained all three GBSS encoded by Wx loci, except for Suwon 252. Korean wheats showed the high frequency ($58.1\%$) of 1Dx2.2 + 1Dy12 subunits of HMW-GS. Friabilin band was present in 46 lines ($62.2\%$) and absent in 28 lines ($37.8\%$). Friabilin-absence lines showed the higher MST (14.9 ml) and AWRC ($92.1\%$) value than friabilin-presence lines (8.5 ml and $82.4\%$, respectively).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2009

천연 식물 추출물을 구강 질환에 활용하는 방안을 모색하기 위하여, 본 연구는 인진쑥에서 추출한 쑥추출액을 치의학분야에 활용하고자 S. gordonii Challis, S. gordoii G9B, S. mutans GS5, S. sobriuns 6715, E. faecalis ATCC 4083, A. actinomycetem Y4, P. gingivalis A7A1-28, P. gingivalis W83, Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611, F. nucleatum KTCT 2488, C. albicans ATCC 18804에 대한 항균효과를 미생물학적으로 실험하여, 생균수 검사를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 인진쑥추출액에 의한 최소억제농도(minimum inhibitory concentration; MIC)와 최소살균농도(minimum bactericidal concentration; MBC)가 모두 쑥추출액 농도 2.0%이하에서 관찰된 세균은 치주질환 원인균인 P. gingivalis A7A1-28와 P. gingivalis W83, Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611로 나타났다. 2. P. gingivalis A7A1-28의 MIC는 쑥추출액 농도 1.2%, MBC는 2.0%로 관찰되었다. 3. P. gingivalis W83의 MIC는 쑥추출액 농도 1.4%, MBC는 2.0%로 관찰되었다. 4. Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611의 MIC는 쑥추출액 농도 1.2%, MBC는 2.0%로 관찰되었다. 천연 자연물질인 인진쑥이 구강질환을 일으키는 대표적인 균주에 대한 효과를 연구한 본 실험의 결과, 인진쑥은 구강 세균, 특히 P. gingivalis A7A1-28와 P. gingivalis W83, Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611에 대한 항균효과가 있음이 증명되었다. 따라서 이 천연물질이 부작용이 없는 한계 내에서 사용된다면, 구강질환자의 구강 환경 개선을 위한 치약, 구강세척제 등의 구강용품들을 통해 임상에 적극적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2004

제미니형 계면활성제를 사용하여 액정을 제조하였으며 보습효능을 측정하였다. 계면활성제로는 디코코일에틸렌디아민(PEG) -15설페이트 (SCD-PEG-15S) $3.0\;wt\%$와 부스터로는 수소첨가 다이머에씨드에스터(HDAE) $4.0\;wt\%$를 사용하였다. 안정화제로 베헤닐알코올(BA) $2.0\;\;wt\%$와 리소레시친(LyL) $1.0\;wt\%$를 사용하였다. $pH 4.0{\~}10.5$ 범위에서 안정하였으며 최적조건은 6.5이었다. 가장 안정한 상태의 점도는 $8,000{\pm}500$ cP이었으며. 입자크기는 4.0에서 15.5 um 범위에서 가장 잘 형성되었다. 입자의 모양과 구조는 편광현미경을 통하여 관찰하였으며, LC의 입자 주변에 액정이 형성되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 액정의 입자주변에 겔 네트워크 구조를 형성하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 시료도포 후 30 min 경과후의 보습효과는 control보다 $13.6\%$ (P<0.05) 증가함을 보였으며, 1 h 후의 보습효과는 control보다 $12.6\%$ (P<0.05) 증가함을 보였다. 또한 4 h 후의 보습효과는 control보다 $28.3\%$ (P<0.05) 증가하였다. 이는 제조한 액정이 라멜라형 구조를 형성하여 수분 포접력과 오일의 흡착력 증가로 인한 효과로 판단된다. 향후 피부의 전달체계(delivery system)에의 적용이 가능하고 나아가 의약이나 제약, 화장품 등을 만드는데 응용될 것으로 기대된다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1995

A GaAs power metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) operating at a voltage as low as 3.3V has been developed with the best performance for digital handheld phone. The device has been fabricated on an epitaxial layer with a low-high doped structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The MESFET, fabricated using $0.8{\mu}m$ design rule, showed a maximum drain current density of 330 mA/mm at $V_{gs}$ =0.5V and a gate-to-drain breakdown volt-age of 28 V. The MESFET tested at a 3.3 V drain bias and a 900 MHz operation frequency displayed an output power of 32.5-dBm and a power added efficiency of 68%. The associate power gain at 20 dBm input power and the linear gain were 12.5dB and 16.5dB, respectively. Two tone testing measured at 900.00MHz and 900.03MHz showed that a third-order intercept point is 49.5 dBm. The power MESFET developed in this work is expected to be useful as a power amplifying device for digital hand-held phone because the high linear gain can deliver a high power added efficiency in the linear operation region of output power and the high third-order intercept point can reduce the third-order intermodulation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of resorbable blasting media surface tapered implant. Methods: 169 Osstem$^{(R)}$ GS III dental implants in 73 patients who received implant treatments at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, were included in this study. The incidence of biological and prosthetical complications has been carefully analysed for each implant. Results: The short-term implant survival rate was 97.63%, success rate 94.7%. The prevalence of biological complications was 15.38% and the prevalence of prosthetic complications was 13.04%. The mean value of crestal bone loss was $0.28{\pm}0.57$ mm. The relationship between loading periods and marginal bone loss was small and not statistically significant. In mandible, marginal bone loss was larger than in maxilla, no statistically significant. Also, length and diameter of implant had no relationship with marginal bone loss. Conclusion: We suggest that this implant system could achieve successful and stable results.