• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권7호통권87호
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• pp.964-969
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• 2007

본 연구는 돼지지방, 올리브유 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육의 품질 및 기호성을 검토하기 위하여 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-P), 올리브유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-O) 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-S) 등 세 종류의 분쇄육을 제조하고 일반성분, 표면색깔, 지방산 조성, 보수력, pH, VBN 함량, TBARS값 및 순위법에 의한 기호성을 측정하였다. 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 GP-P, GP-O 및 GP-S 사이에 통계적 유의성이 없었다. $L^{*}$(명도), $a^{*}$(적색도) 및 $b^{*}$(황색도)값은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 가장 많이 함유된 포화지방산은 palmitic acid로서 GP-P(24.384%)가 GP-O(15.611%) 및 GP-S(14.423%)보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 불포화지방산의 경우 GP-P(43.773%)및 GP-O(65.040%)는 oleic acid가 가장 많았으며, GP-S는 linoleic acid(40.762%)가 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 보수력은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 높았으며, pH는 GP-S가 GP-P및 GP-O보다 높았고, VBN 함량 및 TBARS값은 GP-P가 GP-O및 GP-S보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05).가열하지 않은 분쇄돈육의 색깔은 GP-O 및 GP-S가 GP-P보다 우수하였으나(p<0.05), 향기는 시료들 사이에 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 가열 분쇄육의 경우, 향기는 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 맛, 조직감 및 전체적인 기호성은 GP-S가 가장 우수하였고(p<0.05), 다즙성은 GP-O 및 GP-S가 GP-P보다 우수하였다(p<0.05).

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.254-265
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• 1994

대규모 데이터 네트워크에서 최적 경로 설정 문제를 해결하기 위해 HAD-GP (hierarchcal aggregation/disaggregation and decomposition/composition gradient projection) 알고리즘이 제안된다. 이를 위해 우선 [7]에서 제안된 IAD-GP (interative aggregation/disaggregation GP) 알고리즘의 성능을 향상시킨다. 원래의 IAD-GP 알고리즘과 변형된 IAD-GP 알고리즘에서 사용된 A/D 개념은 본질적으로 대규모 데이터 네트워크의 계층적 구조에 적합하기 때문에 알고리즘의 수렴에 있어 속도 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 제안된 HAD-GP 알고리즘 역시 대규모 데이터 네트워크의 계층 구조화된 토폴로지를 이용하여, 특히 분산화된 환경하에서 수렴속도의 현저한 향상을 달성할 수 있다. 이 속도 향상 효과는 컴퓨터 모의실험에 의해 HAD-GP 알고리즘을 IAD-GP와 일반적인 GP (ORD GP) 알고리즘과 비교함으로써 보여진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 2014

A 12 week growth study was carried out to investigate the supplemental effects of dietary garlic powder (GP) on growth, feed utilization and whole body composition changes of fingerling sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus (averaging weight, 5.5 g). Following a 24-h fasting, 540 fish were randomly distributed to each of 18 tanks (30 fish/tank) under a semi-recirculation freshwater system. The GP of 0.5% (GP0.5), 1% (GP1), 1.5% (GP1.5), 2% (GP2) and 3% (GP3) was added to the control diet (GP0) containing 43% protein and 16% lipid. After the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) of fish fed GP1.5, GP2 and GP3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish fed GP0, GP0.5 and GP1. Feed efficiency and specific growth rate (SGR) showed a similar trend to WG. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed GP1.5, GP2, and GP3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish groups fed the other diets. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found in whole body composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, and fiber) of fish at the end of the experiment. Significantly higher (p<0.05) protein and lipid retention efficiencies (PRE and LRE) were also found in GP1.5, GP2, and GP3 groups. Broken-line regression model analysis and second order polynomial regression model analysis relation on the basis of SGR and WG indicated that the dietary optimal GP level could be greater than 1.77% and 1.79%, but less than 2.95% and 3.18% in fingerling sterlet sturgeon. The present study suggested that dietary GP for fingerling sterlet sturgeon could positively affect growth performance and protein retention.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2010

Effects of various concentrations of garlic powder and garlic extract in the diets on growth, serum chemistry and immune response of olive flounder were determined. Thirty-five juvenile fish averaging 5.1 g were randomly distributed into 21 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Seven experimental diets with various concentrations of garlic powder (GP) and garlic extract (GE) were prepared in triplicate: GP-0 without garlic supplementation, GP-0.5, GP-1, GP-2, GP-3 and GP-5 diets containing garlic powder at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%, respectively at the expense of wheat flour and finally, GE-0.4 diet containing 0.4% garlic extract were prepared. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, serum chemistry of fish was measured. In addition, twenty fish from each tank were artificially infected with E. tarda for the following 96 h to monitor cumulative mortality. Weight gain of fish fed GP-0 diet was higher than that of fish fed GP-1, GP-2, GP-3 and GP-5 diets. No difference in serum criteria (total protein, glucose, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels) of olive flounder was found among the experimental diets except for glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Lysozyme activity of fish fed GP-0, GP-1, GP-3 and GE-0.4 diets was higher than that of fish fed GP-5 diet. The highest cumulative mortality was 93.3% in fish fed GP-0 diet at 96 h after E. tarda infection, followed by GP-3, GP-1, GP-5, GP-2, GP-0.5 and GE-0.4 diets. In considering these results, dietary inclusion of garlic powder and garlic extract has no distinctive positive effect on improvement in growth, serum chemistry and immune response of olive flounder in this experimental conditions, therefore, its application should be carefully considered.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.896-901
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• 2007

본 연구는 올리브유 및 대두유의 첨가가 돼지 분쇄육의 냉장 중 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-P), 올리브유를 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-O) 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-S) 등 세 종류의 분쇄육을 제조하고 냉장 중 색깔, 보수력, 가열감량, 두께의 증가율, 직경의 감소율, pH, VBV함량 및 TBARS값을 측정하였다. 저장 중 $L^{\ast}$ 및 $b^{\ast}$값의 변화는 없었으나, 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄육의 $L^{\ast}$, $a^{\ast}$ 및 $b^{\ast}$값이 올리브유나 대두유를 첨가한 것보다 높았다. 보수력은 저장 중 증가하는 경향이었으며, GP-P의 보수력이 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 높았다. 그리고 가열감량은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 두께의 증가는 저장 중 높아졌고, 직경의 감소는 저장 중 낮아지는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 그리고 GP-P의 두께 증가율 및 직경 감소율이 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 더 컸다(p<0.05). pH는 저장 5일째 감소하였다가 그 후 저장말기까지 증가하였다(p<0.05). 분쇄육의 VBN함량은 저장 중 증가하였으며, GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 함량이 높았다(p<0.05). TBARS값은 저장 중 증가하였으며, GP-P가 가장 높고, GP-O가 가장 낮았다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix pharmacopuncture (GP) at Hwando (GB30) in neuropathic pain induced rats. Methods : Neuropathic pain in rats was induced by tibial and sural nerve transection. The rat subjects were divided into 6 groups : normal (Nor, n = 5), control (Con, n = 5), neuropathic pain- induced injected at GB30 with 1 mg/kg GP (GP-A, n = 5), 5 mg/kg GP (GP-B, n = 5) and 20 mg/kg GP (GP-C, n = 5), and neuropathic pain-induced injected with 1mg/kg Tramadol (Tramadol, n＝5). Injections were administered 2 times a week for a total of 5 treatments. After each treatment plantar withdrawal response was measured and after all 5 treatments were completed c-fos, Bax, Bcl-2, mGlu5 and leukocytes in the blood were analyzed. Results : 1. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in the withdrawal response of mechanical allodynia compared to the control group. 2. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in the expression of c-fos compared to the control group. 3. Groups GP-A and GP-C showed a meaningful increase in the expression of mGluR5 compared to the control group. 4. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio compared to the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix pharmacopuncture at Hwando (GB30) could decrease mechanical allodynia and could have analgesic and neuroprotective effects on the model of neuropathic pain.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

HIV-1의 envelope glycoprotein은 중화항체에 의한 체액성 면역반응의 중요한 target으로 surface glycoprotein인 gp120과 transmembrane glycoprotein인 gp41로 이루어져 있다. gp120과 gp41의 ectodomain으로 이루어진 gp140 유전자를 PCR의 방법으로 증폭하고 Semliki Forest virus(SFV) 유래 expression system을 이용하여 mammalian 세포에서 발현하였다. 발현된 gp140은 natural HIV-1에서와 같이 oligomer를 형성하였다. 발현된 gp140을 정제하여 BALB/c 마우스에 접종하여 항체가 형성되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 제2회 추계심포지움
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• pp.61-67
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• 1994

One fundamental problem in developing an AIDS vaccine is antigenic variation of HIV. Despite a substantial induced immune response in gp120-immunized monkeys and humans, high titers of V3-directed type specific neutralizing antibodies may not be sufficient to neutralize continuously emerging new isolates. Several studies analyzing anti-gp120 antibodies in HIV-infected individuals have clearly indicated that most broadly neutralizing antibodies are directed to conformation-dependent epitopes. Therefore, it seems important to evaluate the potential efficacy of candidate gp120 vaccines at inducing such antibodies, that might be potentially protective against multiple HIV strains. One concern in the development of any recombinant protein as a vaccine is its stability when mixed with an adjuvant. This could be a particularly important factor for recombinant gp120, given the conformational nature of its major, broadly neutralizing, epitopes. We hypothesized that gp120 complexed with recombinant CD4 could stabilize the conformation-dependent epitopes and effectively deliver these epitopes to the immune system. In this study, a soluble gp120-CD4 complex in Syntex Adjuvant Formulation was tested in mice to analyze the anti-gp120 antibody response. With the aim of defining the fine specificity and neutalizing activities of the immune response, 17Mabs were generated and characterized. The studies indicate that the gp120-CD4 complex elicits neutralizing anti-gp120 antibodies, most of which are directed to the conformation dependent epitopes.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 1997

The baculovirus gp64 glycoprotein is a major component of the envelope protein of budded virus (BV). It has been shown that the gp64 glycoprotein plays an essential role in the infection process, especialy fusion between virus envelope and cellular endosomic membrane. Recently we reported optimal conditions required for gp64-mediated membrane fusion in pGP64 DNA transfected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells (H. J. Kim and J. M. Yang, Jour, Microbiology, 34.7-14). In order to investigate the role of hydrophobicity within the fusion domain of the gp64 glycoprotein for membrane fusion, 13 mutants which have substitution mutation within hydrophobic region I were constructed by PCR-derived site-derected mutagenesis. Each mutated gp64 glycoproteins was transiently expressed by transfecting plasmid DNA into Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Oligomerization of the transisently expressed gp64 glycoproteins was a nalysed by running them on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing condition followed by immunoblotting. All of the mutant gp64 glycoproteins expect cysteine-228 were able to form trimers. These results suggest that hydrophobic region I of the gp64 may not be responsible for the oligomerization of the gp64 glycoprotein.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.80-81
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• 2003

마늘분말(GP)과 구리의 산란계 사료내 첨가가 난 생산성, 계란의 보존성, 난황 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 52주령 공시계에 GP 0％(대조구), GP 1％, 3 ％ 및 5％, Cu 200ppm, GP 3％-Cu 200ppm을 함유하는 실험사료를 각각 5주간 급여하였다. 난 생산성과 사료 섭취량은 처리간 큰 차이가 없었다. 사료내 GP 첨가수준의 증가와 함께 7일 및 14일 저장후의 Haugh unit 수준이 선형적으로 높아지는 결과가 관찰되었다. GP 3％-Cu 200ppm 첨가구에서의 혈청 및 난황내 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조구에 비해 유의하게 감소하는 결과가 나타났다.