• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.651-659
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• 2023

The effect of bio-logger tagging location on blood characteristics and bio-logger attachment efficiency in spotted sea bass (mean body weight 2356.7 g) was investigated. The fish were tagged at four different tagging locations: no-tag (control), operculum attachment (OA), dorsal muscle attachment (DA), and cauda peduncle muscle attachment (CA). The blood properties and bio-logger attachment efficiencies were examined on days 1, 7, 14, and 35 after tagging the bio-logger at each tagging location. During the experimental periods, the concentrations of hematocrit and hemoglobin in whole blood, and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), total protein (TP), glucose, total cholesterol, cortisol, and superoxide dismutase in plasma were not affected by the attachment location of the bio-logger, however, the TP concentration was significantly lower in OA than in the control group on day 7. After tagging for 35 days, the efficiencies of bio-logger attachment in the OA, DA, and CA after tagging for 35 days were 33.3%, 100.0%, and 33.3%, respectively. These results indicate that, in our experimental condition, the most appropriate bio-logger attachment location is DA, providing basic information on bio-logger utilization methods for ecological and biological biotelemetry surveys of the spotted sea bass.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 1994

In an attempt to define the effects of Biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate(DDB) on the lipid peroxidation, oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes activities and hepatic functions in ethanol-induced hepatotoxic rats, we studies malondialdehyde(MDA) level and the activities of catalse, superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in liver of the rats at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the injection of ethanol and DDB. Sprague-Dalwey albino rats weighing 250 to 280gm were injected intraperitoneally with ethanol(2.5 gm/kg ) only and ethanol plus DDB(300mg/kg ). The result obtained can be summarized as follows : 1) The group treated with ethanol showed significantly higher MDA level and lower catalase and SOD activities at 24, 48 and 72hr after the injection as compared with that of control group. 2) The group treated with ethanol showed significantly higher GOT and GPT activities at 24, 48 and 72hr after the injection as compared with that of control group. 3) The group treated with ethanol plus DDB showed significantly lower MDA level and higher catalase and SOD activities at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the injection as compared with that of ethanol group. 4) The group treated with ethanol plus DDB showed significantly lower GOT and GPT activities at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the injection as compared with that of ethanol group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase is an important determinant in pathogenesis of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity and DDB has antioxidant effects.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2007

The effects of chronic chitosan salt supplementation on the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and physiological parameters were investigated in healthy male and female adult. Chitosan salt was conducted by measuring various health-related factors such as body composition, plasma $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, lipid, and lipoproteins profiles, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity. Chitosan salt supplementation no significant differences before and after supplement in body composition variables and in SBP and DBP in either male or female. Plasma sodium and chlorine concentration no significant changes during chitosan salt supplementation, and no significant difference between two genders. Plasma GOT and GPT activity no different before and after supplement in either male or female. GOT activity significantly higher for male before supplement (p<0.05), and 2 weeks after supplement (p<0.01). The lipid and lipoproteins profiles of plasma no significant changes during chitosan salt supplementation in either male or female subjects. In summary, the chronic intake of chitosan salt did not affect the SBP or DBP, and posed no health risks.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

In human medicine, circulating microRNAs have been successfully utilized as early biomarkers for various abnormalities and disease states. Vertebrate miR-122 is a liver-specific microRNA which is expressed almost solely in hepatocytes and plays an important role in the regulation of hepatocyte function. In this study, to evaluate the potential utility of circulating miR-122 as a biomarker for liver injury in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), fish were orally intubated with two doses of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg or 1.000 mg/kg of body weight), and the expression of miR-122 in serum was quantified using real time-PCR. Histological change in liver, and the enzymatic activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were also analyzed. The results showed that miR-122 was higher in acetaminophen administered groups compared to control group. The histopathological effect of acetaminophen on olive flounder liver was not distinct. The serum level of GPT and GOT was increased within 2 folds compared to control group by acetaminophen administration. However, the serum miR-122 level was increased more than 3 or 4 folds compared to the control group by administration of 1000 mg/kg of acetaminophen. These results suggest the possible use of miR-122 as an indicator of liver injury in olive flounder, even when histopathological effects are not distinctive.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1980

This study was prepared to observe some enzyme activities in the liver of mice treated with extracts of Ginseng anticancer compound, separated from the petroleum ether extracts by silicic acid chromatography, has the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Swiss mice, 72 heads were used (or this experiment and they were divdied into control, test group I and test group If, that test group I was injected crude extract and test group II was injected anticancer compound, while the control group was injected 0.9% NaCl solution. The injections were carried out 1,2,4 and 8 times once a day for 1-8 day, respectively. The liver was removed carefully from the mice at 24 hours after drugs injected, and homogenized at 4$^{\circ}C$ for enzyme study. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were determined by Reitmen and Frankel method and lactic acid dehydrogenase activity was determined by Wroblewski methods in vitro. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The GOT activity was increased 26%, crude extract and 16%, anticancer compound than those of control at 1st injected groups and decreased gradually according to increase of injection time, at 8th injected groups, the GOT activity was decresed by 16%, crude extract and 12%, anticancer compound. 2. The GPT activity was not changed significantly at 1st and 2nd injected groups, but, at 4th injected groups, the GPT activity was decreased 20%, crude extract and 14%, anticancer compound. While the GPT activity was recovered to normal value at 8th injected groups. 3. At 1st injected groups, the LDH activity was increased 17%, anticancer compound, while those of crude extract was shown normal value. At 2nd injected groups, the LDH activity increased 35yo:, crude extract while those of anticancer compound was showed normal value. And the LOH activity was recovered gradually at 4th and 8th injected groups.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.271-280
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• 1995

Effects of aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang at Kansu(BL_{18}$) and Tamsu(BL_{19}$) on the Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase(GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase(GPT), Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and blood pictures in rat with $CCI_4$ were determined. In the group with $CCI_4$ the activity of GOT, GPT and LDH showed a tendency to increase, however these values showed a tendency to decrease by the aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang throughout experimental days and these values were recovered to those of control group on the last experimental days. Counts of RBC and Hemoglobin showed a tendency to decrease in rat with $CCI_4$, however these decreased values were recovered by the aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang and on the last experimental days, these values were similar to those of control group. In the $CCI_4$ group, counts of WBC and the proportion of Lymphocytes showed a tendency to increase and the proportion of Neutrophils showed a tendency to decrease, however these values showed a rapid recovery by the aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang. In the meridian point of Kansu and Tamsu, the effects of aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang on recovery of liver function showed no difference. Results from this study indicate that the aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang can improve the liver function in rat with $CCI_4$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2000

Glycyrrhizae Radix aqua-acupuncture solution (GRAS) and Glycyrrhizae Radix water-extracted solution (GRWS) were prepared and tested for organ toxicities, antitumor activities, and immunomodulatory effects. The organ-toxicity of GRAS to male ICR mice was studied by the measurements of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP-s) activities after injection of GRAS for 7 days. The activities of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP-s were decreased with GRAS. It was shown to possess considerable toxicity toward various tumor cell lines. Concentration of GRAS at 1.5g/ml and 3g/ml resulted in more than 80% inhibition of growth in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), Hepa1c1c7, and HeLa cells. Toxicity of GRAS to A549 revealed that 68% inhibition of growth. GRWS at the concentration of 3g/ml showed more than 80% inhibition of growth with EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa. In morphological study, the number of cells were decreased, and the shape of cells was round-form in EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells with GRAS. Administration of GRAS inhibited the growth of EATC in vivo. Mice given EATC at 1.5g/ml or 0.3g/ml GRAS had 16.7% to 50% survival after 21 days. GRAS increased the proliferation of T and B cells and the cytolytic activity of purified T cell. The biosyntheses of nucleic acid and protein of EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells were inhibited by GRAS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.919-925
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• 2003

Alcohol consumption has numerous health consequences for the human body. For example, heavy drinking on a daily basis causes liver diseases, and certain products such as acetaldehyde produced from alcohol metabolism are more toxic than alcohol itself. Accordingly, the current study evaluated the role of Lactobacillus fermentum MG590 to enhance the removal of the toxic effect of alcohol in alcohol metabolism. The maximum activities of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by L. fermentum MG590 were observed after 6 h of culture. The production of ADH and ALDH by L. fermentum MG590 was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Six hours after the addition of alcohol to a culture broth of L. fermentum MG590, the alcohol concentration decreased from 7.5 to 2.7％. From an in vitro evaluation based on hepatocytes, the viability of hepatocytes in a medium containing alcohol and the cytosol of L. fermentum MG590 was higher than that in a medium containing only alcohol. From an in vivo test using SD rats fed a 22％ alcoholic drink, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the rats fed a medium containing L. fermentum MG590 were lower than those in the rats fed a medium containing only the alcohol drink. These results demonstrate that the ADH and ALDH produced by L. fermentum MG590 play an important role in detoxicating alcohol in vivo. Therefore, a fermentation broth of L. fermentum MG590 could be used as an effective alcohol detoxification drink.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

Antioxidative and scavenging effects were investigated by using two hyaroxycinnamic acids (caffeetannins). such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, on oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity that induced by paraquat. The results are summerized as follows: 1. To assess radical scavenging ability, reduction concentration (IC$\sub$50/) of 1.1 diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazine (DPPH) were measured. IC$\sub$50/ values of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid were 29.7 ${\pm}$0.6 ${\mu}$M and 26.0${\pm}$0.5 ${\mu}$M respectively. Their radical scavenging activities showed concentration-dependent manner. 2. In H$_2$O$_2$-induced hemolysis assay to rat blood, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid led to different effects, whose hemolysis inhibition ratios at 100 ${\mu}$M were 45.2${\pm}$7.1% and 11.6${\pm}$3.1% respectively 3. In hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system producing superoxide anion, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid showed different inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase showing 36.8${\pm}$4.3% and 5.4${\pm}$2.3% respectively. 4. To microsomal NADPH dependent cytochrome p-450 reductase in rat liver, paraquat consumed NADPH at a dose-dependent manner from 0 to 1 ${\mu}$M paraquat concentration. Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid blocked NADPH consumption rates at concentration-dependent manner and inhibition ratios at 100 ${\mu}$M were 67.6% and 59.2% respectively. 5. Administration (30mg/kg, iv) of paraquat to rats caused the marked elevation of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid peroxides (LPO) in the serum and lipid peroxides in the microsome as compared to the control group. Serum GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP and LPO and liver microsomal LPO were reduced significantly by caffeic acid (50mg/kg), chlorogenic acid (25mg/kg) and silymarin (150 mg/kg) as compared to the paraquat group. From these results, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid exerted their antioxidative agents by removing reactive oxygen substance (ROS) and scavenging effects by inhibiting ROS generating enzyme. As a general, two hydroxyeinnamic acids showed the useful compounds for scavenger and reducer on the paraquat induced hepatotoxicity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2015

Objectives : Positive effects of Ginseng has great research attentions such as anticancer, anti-diabetic, antiaging, liver, immune function, CNS, etc. In this study, we investigated Hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium fermented byBacillus subtilisto establish fermentation conditions for enhancing functionality.Methods : Ginseng Folium were cultivated hydroponic-cultured and were extracted with methanol. We inoculateBacillus subtilisfor fermentation by adding to 0%, 3% and 5% sugar respectively and checked antioxidant activities, total phenolic content and total saponin content in 2 days intervals during 11 days. The antioxidant activities were studied by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl(DPPH) radical, 2, 2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(ABTS) radical scavenging assay and Reducing power assay. We analyzed the Total phenol content, crude saponin content and ginsenoside content. Moreever, Hepatoprotective effects by Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and Glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in Sprague-Dawley rat.Results : The results of DPPH and ABTS were 66.89% and 96.72%, respectively. The reducing power was resulted in optical density of 0.7312 with 3% sugar after 9 days of fermentation. and the concentration at 200 ㎍/㎖. Total phenol content was 36.92㎎/g with 3% sugar after 9 days of fermentation, in which crude saponin content wasn't changed, and ginsenoside content such as Rg3, Re and Rb was increased. Activities of GOT and GPT concentration were decreased in rat.Conclusions : This study suggests that hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium fermented byBacillus subtilisin 9 days showed significant efficacy of hepato-protection as well as antioxidant compared to the others. In addition, it shows not only improved value but also utilized hydroponic-cultured Ginseng Folium by fermentation.